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Файл:Learning to Speak English. Учебное пособие по разговорному английскому языку
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29. Make up and act dialogues concerning the following as-
The historical background of St. Petersburg.
The beauty of St. Petersburg.
The numerous renamings of the city.
St. Petersburg during the Great Patriotic War.
St. Petersburg is an industrial, cultural and
educational centre.
Places of interest.
signments.
1. You are a new-comer in Moscow. You ask a passer-by how
to get to Red Square from Tverskaya street.
2. A new-comer asks you how to get to the “Belgorod” hotel
from Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University.
SECTION 4
LISTENING
30. Listen to the Text “Resources of Russia”. Answer the
questions that follow.
1. Is the Russian Federation very rich in natural resources?
2. What mineral resources does this country produce?
3. What can you say about the development of the chemical
industry?
4. How is energy generated?
5. How is Russian farmland used?
6. What is the main agricultural product?
31. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 8A of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
32. Retell the text about the resources of the Russian Fed-
eration.
33. Tell your classmates about well-known deposits of coal,
oil or gas found in the Russian Federation.
34. Listen to the Text “St. Petersburg” about the second
largest city of the Russian Federation. As you listen, fill in the
chart according to the following headings.
141
36. Check your answers with your classmates and
tapescript 8B of the text. Look up the words you do not know in
your dictionary.
37. Retell the text about St. Petersburg.
142
UNIT 9
GREAT BRITAIN
SECTION 1
VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Read and memorize the active vocabulary to the Text
“The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”
and translate the given sentences.
1. climate [′klaimət] n – климат
cool climate – прохладный (нежаркий) климат
mild [′maild] climate – мягкий климат
The Mediterranean climate is good for growing citrus fruits
and grapes. The climate in Britain is usually described as cool, temperate and humid. The United Kingdom has a mild climate.
2. fog n – туман
We often have bad fogs on the south coast during winter.
3. coast [′kəust] n – морской берег, побережье
We walked along the coast for five miles.
4. island [′ailənd] n – остров
We spent a week on the Greek island of Kos.
5. divide [di′vaid] v – делить, разделять
The English Channel divides England from France.
6. comprise [kəm′praiz] v – включать, заключать в себе
The collection comprises 327 paintings.
7. enterprise [′entəpraiz] n – промышленное предприятие
plant n – завод
This is an enterprise with a turnover of $26 billion. He worked
at a chemical plant.
8. cotton industry – хлопковая промышленность
143
iron and steel industry –металлургическая промышленность
ship-building industry – кораблестроительная промышленность
textile [′tekstail] industry – текстильная промышленность
The cotton industry was one of the major successes of the Industrial Revolution. The iron and steel industry is influenced by access to raw materials. Between 1977 and the mid-1980s, the British
shipbuilding industry was nationalised as the British Shipbuilders
Corporation (BS). During the early eighteenth century, Great Britain
was determined to dominate the textile industry.
9. shipyard [′∫ipja:d] n – верфь, судостроительный завод
One of the famous UK shipyards includes the Harland and
Wolff yard in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where the Titanic was built.
10. machinery [mə′∫i:nəri] n – оборудование, машины, ме-
ханизмы
Some of the mill machinery was damaged in the fire.
11. influence n v – влияние; оказывать влияние, влиять
The stars’ influence of people’s lives has not been proved.
What were the factors that influenced you to take the job?
12. order [′ɔ:də] n – заказ
place orders – заказывать, размещать заказы
The machine parts are still on order. I would like to place an
order for ten copies of this book
13. neighbour [′neibə] n – сосед
neighbourhood [′neibəhud] n – район, окрестности; сосед-
ство, близость
in the neighbourhood of – по соседству с, по близости от
Britain’s nearest neighbour is France. They bought a house in
a beautiful neighborhood. Houses in the neighbourhood of Paris are
extremely expensive.
14. basin [′beisn] n – залежь
coal basins – залежи угля
Some coal basins are located in South Wales.
15. similar (to) [′simələ] adj – подобный, схожий, похожий
similarity [,simə′lærəti] n – подобие, сходство
144
I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had
A
B
1. include
2. act
3. moderate
4. monarch
5. chilly
6. same
7. seaside
8. equipment
9. separate
10. factory
a. mild
b. machinery
c. cool
d. cast
e. divide
f. comprise
g. sovereign
h. plant
i. influence
j. similar
1. coal
2. up-to-date
a. coast
b. enterprise
before. The book bears several striking similarities to last year’s
bestseller.
16. monarchy [′mɔnəki] n – монархия
constitutional [,kɔnsti′tju:∫nəl] monarchy – конституционная
монархия
Is monarchy relevant in the modern world or should it be abolished? Canada is a constitutional monarchy.
17. sovereign [′sɔvrin] n – монарх
The British Sovereign can be seen as having two roles: Head of
State, and “Head of the Nation”.
18. the House of Lords – палата лордов
The House of Lords is the second chamber of UK Parliament.
19. the House of Commons [′kɔmənz] – палата общин
The House of Commons has 659 members who have been
elected by local residents to represent an area of the country in Parliament.
20. nearly [′niəli] adv – почти; приблизительно, около
I’ve nearly finished that book you lent me. She’s nearly as tall
as her father now.
2. Match the pairs of synonyms from A and B and translate
them.
noun on the right.
3. Match the following attributes on the left with a suitable
145
3. mild
4. southern
5. cotton
6. tropical
7. constitutional
8. naval
9. industrial
10. thick
c. island
d. machinery
e. monarchy
f. basins
g. shipyard
h. fog
i. climate
j. industry
words and phrases in brackets.
cerned with the production of cloth and the subsequent design or
manufacture of clothing and their distribution. 2. Most new members
of the (палата лордов) are appointed. 3. The houses built for University professors are located (по соседству) St. Anthony Park.
4. The (металлургическая промышленность) drove the Industrial
Revolution and propelled this country into a world economic power.
5. I can see the (сходство) between you and your mother. 6. The
(палата общин) is the lower (палата) of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which, like the (палата лордов) (the upper (палата)),
meets in the Palace of Westminster. 7. The Canadian (кораблестро-
ительная промышленность) has a long and proud history that encompasses everything from the worldэs finest 19th-century sailing
schooners to modern world-class icebreakers. 8. We lived there for
(почти) two years. 9. It is more efficient to (заказывать) by computer for books. 10. There are several (конституционные монархии) in
Europe.
________ into small discussion groups. 2. The shop phoned to say
your ________ has come in. 3. ________ was the most common
form of government into the 19th century, but it is no longer prevalent, at least at the national level. 4. Winter in the UK is defined as
lasting from December to February. The season is generally
________, wet and windy. 5. He has a huge amount of ________
over the city council. 6. The relationship between Scotland and its
southern ________ has not always been peaceful. 7. Rimini is a
thriving holiday resort on the east ________ of Italy. 8. I’ve
4. Make the following sentences complete by translating the
1. The (текстильная промышленность) is primarily con-
5. Insert the correct word from the Active Vocabulary.
1. At the end of the lecture, I’d like all the students to
146
________ finished that book you lent me. 9. The car-assembly
________ was closed by the strike. 10. Italian students ________ 60
percent of the class.
6. Define parts of speech. Translate the words of the same
root.
1. fog – foggy – foggily – fogginess;
2. coast – coastal – coaster;
3. divide – divider – divisible – indivisible – division;
4. industry – industrial – industrially – industrialism – industri-
alist – industrialize – industrialization;
5. machine – machinery – machinist;
6. influence – influential – influentially;
7. order – orderly – disorderly – orderliness;
8. neighbour – neighbourhood – neighbouring – neighbourly –
neighbourliness;
9. similar – similarity – similarly;
10. near – nearby – nearly.
SECTION 2
READING AND DISCUSSION
7. Read and translate Text 9A “The United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.
TEXT 9A
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND NORTHERN IRELAND
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is
situated off the Northwest coast of Europe. The UK consists of four
parts. They are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The
UK lies on the British Isles. The two main islands are Great Britain
and Ireland. They are separated from the continent by the English
Channel1 and the Strait of Dover
washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, the east coast is
washed by the North Sea. The population of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland is nearly 65 million.
2.
The west coast of the country is
147
Geographically Great Britain is divided into Lowland Britain
Lake District
The deposits of iron ore are in the east
of England and in the Middle-England
plain.
The climate of Great Britain is
mild. The Atlantic Ocean and the
warm waters of Gulf Stream influence
the weather of the British Isles. Summers are cool and rainy. There is a lot
of rain and fog in autumn and in winter. There are a lot of rivers in Great
and Highland Britain
4.
Lowland Britain comprises Southern and
Eastern Britain. Highland Britain includes Scotland, Wales, the Pennines5 and the Lake District
Scotland. The flora of the British Isles is much varied and the fauna
is similar to that of the north-west of Europe. Britain is not very rich
in natural resources. The main coal areas are the South Wales
fields, the Lowlands of Scotland7, the Yorkshire field and others.
Britain. The Severn is the longest river; the Thames is the most important one.
The United Kingdom is one of the world’s most industrialised
countries. Big cities such as London, Glasgow [′gla:zgəu], Manchester [′mænt∫istə], Liverpool [′livəpu:l] and others have enterprises of
nearly all branches of industry, old and new. The biggest centers of
iron and steel industry are situated in the neighbourhood of coal basins. They are Newcastle [′nju:ka:səl], Cardiff [′ka:dif], Glasgow and
Sheffield [′∫efi:ld]. Steam engines and electric motors, machine tools,
textile machinery, locomotives and automobiles are produced at the
machine-building plants of Birmingham [′bə:miŋəm], Sheffield and
London. The shipbuilding industry is of great importance for Britain.
Many countries place orders for new ships with the British shipyards
in Glasgow, Belfast [,bel′fa:st] and Newcastle. The most important
branches of the textile industry are woolen and cotton industries.
British woolen stuffs are widely known for their high quality. The
main center of the cotton industry is Manchester. Britain imports cotton from America and other countries through the port of Liverpool.
The capital of the country is London. English is the official
language. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The powers of
6.
The highest mountain, Ben Nevis, is in
148
3
the British Queen are limited by Parliament. The British Parliament
consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of
Commons. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has always played an important role in world politics.
Notes
1. English Channel [′iŋgli∫′t∫ænl] – Английский канал (при-
нятое в Великобритании название пролива Ла-Манш)
2. Strait of Dover [′streitəv′dəuvə] – Па-де-Кале (букв. Дувр-
ский пролив)
3. Lowland Britain [′ləulənd′britn] – низменная часть Вели-
кобритании
4. Highland Britain [′hailənd′britn] – гористая часть Велико-
британии
5. The Pennines [′penainz] – Пеннинские горы
6. Lake District [′leik′distrikt] – Озерный край, Озерный
округ (живописный район рек и озер на северо-западе Англии)
7. Lowlands of Scotland – Шотландская низменность
8. Finish up the sentence of the text.
1. The four parts of the UK are … .
2. The two main islands are … .
3. The west coast of the country is washed by … .
4. The east coast of the country is washed by … .
5. Geographically Great Britain is divided into … .
6. Great Britain is not very rich in … .
7. Summers are … .
8. The Severn is … .
9. The Thames is … .
10. Big cities of Great Britain are… .
11. The centres of iron and steel industry of Great Britain
are …
12. The centres of machine-building industry are … .
13. The centres of shipbuilding industry are … .
14. The centre of the cotton industry is … .
15. The British Parliament consists of … .
9. What would you say if you took part in the following dia-
logue? Act it.
149
A.: Where is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland situated?
B.: … .
A.: Where does the UK lie?
B.: … .
A.: What are the two main islands separated from the continent
by?
B.: … .
A.: What is the population of the UK?
B.: … .
A.: What do Lowland Britain and Highland Britain comprise?
B.: … .
A.: What is the highest mountain in the UK?
B.: … .
A.: What can you say about the flora and fauna of the country?
B.: … .
A.: Where are the deposits of coal and iron ore situated?
B.: … .
A.: What is the climate of the UK like?
B.: … .
A.: What influences the weather of the British Isles?
B.: … .
A.: What are the main rivers in the UK?
B.: … .
A.: What industries are developed in the UK?
B.: … .
A.: What is the capital of the UK?
B.: … .
A.: What is the political system of the UK?
B.: … .
A.: What are the powers of the British Queen limited by?
B.: … .
10. Comment on the picture given in the text.
11. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell
it in English.
12. Read Text 9B “The Capital of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland”. Give a brief overview of its
structure and contents in English.
150
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