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Файл:English for Special Purposes. Language of Chemistry. Tutorial
.pdf
81
8. Explain what the author means when he/she says … Begin with the
following words: it should be observed (noted, mentioned, emphasized,
pointed out) however, that …
– Organizational structure concerns who reports to whom in the company
and how different elements are grouped together. A new company
cannot go forward without this and established companies must ensure
their structure reflects their target markets, goals and available
technology. (Ms. Angela Tripoli, a lecturer in Business Administration
at University College Dublin).
– Without a huge bureaucratic infrastructure people can react a lot more
quickly to any challenges and work towards the company’s objectives.
(Ms. MacLauchlan, Microsoft’s Seattle Headquarters).
– There would not be more than around seven levels between the average
software tester and Bill Gates. (Ms. Julia Director of MacLauchlan,
Microsoft’s European Product Development Centre in Dublin).
9. Many big firms have lots of different sections and it can be helpful to
know which part of the company does what. Look at the following
company departments. Which department does which job?
Human Resources:
Production:
Marketing:
Finance:
Sales, Financial Services, Quality, Training, Payroll, Production,
Advertising, Accounts, Distribution, Maintenance, Marketing, Customer
Service, Purchasing, Personnel, Packaging
10. Find in text A English equivalents to the given Russian words and
word combinations.
Согласно западным стандартам, группироваться в различные
элементы, в пределах предприятия, свободный путь коммуникации,
функциональная структура, должны гарантировать, в зависимости
от размера и потребностей, в постоянно развивающейся деловой
82
среде, традиционная цепь инстанций, быстрое принятие решений,
производственные линии, транснациональные компании, отдельные
подразделения компании, удовлетворить требовательный рынок,
матричная структура, избежать конфликт, движение к
централизации и аутсорсингу, бизнес в проектных группах, новая
технология, традиционные иерархические структуры, потребность
уменьшения затрат, кольцевой процесс задержки, реструктуризация,
сложные потребности заимствования, поддержать конкурентное
превосходство, локализация программного обеспечения, тесное
сотрудничество, огромная бюрократическая инфраструктура.
11. Find in text “Татнефть” Russian equivalents to the given English
words and word combinations.
A part of industrial complex, vertically integrated holding, a network of
gas station, a tire complex, steadily develop, the most important projects,
petrochemical refineries, implementation of the project, the purpose of
development, a new stage of oil processing branch, innovative directed
technical policy, the combined hydrocracking installation, the Complex of
oil refinery, highly competitive and environmentally friendly, the further
economic growth, strengthening of the positions, profitable oil and gas
extraction, high-viscosity, to expand resource base, high competitiveness,
due to petrochemistry development, achievements in production and nature
protection, the high level of corporate management, are highly appreciated
by shareholders, social responsibility.
12. Translate into English. Divide text into logical parts and entitle each of it.
«Татнефть»34 - одна из крупнейших российских нефтяных
компаний, международно-признанный вертикально-интегрированный
холдинг. В составе производственного комплекса компании стабильно
развиваются нефтегазодобыча, нефтепереработка, нефтехимия, шинный
комплекс, сеть АЗС, блок сервисных структур. «Татнефть» участвует в
капитале компаний финансового (банковского и страхового) сектора.
Одним из важнейших проектов компании является
строительство в Нижнекамске Комплекса нефтеперерабатывающих и
нефтехимических заводов «ТАНЕКО» (Комплекс НПиНХЗ).
34
http://www.tatneft.ru/o-kompanii/obshchaya-informatsiya/?lang=ru.
83
Реализация проекта была начата в 2005 году с целью развития нового
этапа нефтеперерабатывающей отрасли Татарстана. Инициаторами
строительства выступили Правительство республики и «Татнефть». В
2011 году введена в промышленную эксплуатацию первая очередь
Комплекса НПиНХЗ, в начале 2014 года – комбинированная установка
гидрокрекинга.
НПЗ – полноправным участником нефтеперерабатывающей отрасли России и производит конкурентноспособную, экологически чистую продукцию, среди которой дизельное топливо Евро-5, авиационный керосин марок РТ, ТС-1 и Джет А-1, высокоиндексные базовые масел III группы. С завершением реализации проекта предусматривается выпуск широкой продукции высокого передела нефти.
В целях дальнейшего экономического роста, инновационного
развития и укрепления своих позиций как одного из лидеров нефтяной
отрасли России «Татнефть»: успешно реализует программы по стабилизации объемов рентабельной добычи нефти и газа на разрабатываемых лицензионных месторождениях; активно осваивает новые
месторождения, в том числе высоковязкой и трудноизвлекаемой нефти
на территории Татарстана; расширяет ресурсную базу за пределами
РТ и РФ; увеличивает объемы производства и реализации готовых
видов продукции высокой конкурентоспособности за счет развития
нефтехимии и нефтепераработки; эффективно формирует и реализует
инновационно-направленную инженерно-техническую политику.
Достижения в производственной, природоохранной, социальной
деятельности, высокий уровень корпоративного управления,
открытость и прозрачность Компании высоко оцениваются
акционерами, деловыми партнерами и инвестиционным сообществом
в целом. Корпоративная социальная ответственность ПАО «Татнефть»
направлена на создание эффективных и безопасных рабочих мест,
социальную поддержку работников и членов их семей, поддержание
благоприятной социальной обстановки в регионах деятельности.
13. Read text A. Cut out the sentences, paragraphs by eliminating non-
essential information. Retell text; find the following English
equivalents to the given Russian word combinations.
Конкурентоспособный китайский рынок, сосредоточиться на
областях, международные химические компании, ближайшие
стадии экономического развития, международные компании,
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сегмент товара низкой прибыли, конкурентная среда, следующее десятилетие, глобальные химические компании, крупный
импортер товарных химикатов, взобраться по технологической
лестнице, прибыльные возможности роста, огромный потенциал,
перспектив роста, более конкурентоспособный мир, особенно при
сравнении.
TEXT A. LARGEST CHEMICAL PRODUCERS OF THE WORLD:
what’s next for international chemical companies in China?35
To drive further profitable growth in the increasingly competitive
China market, international chemical companies should focus on five areas.
China’s economic expansion has slowed, but the country remains the most
important growth market for most – if not all – global chemical companies.
International companies have a strong hand to play there. Not only will the
country continue to be a major importer of commodity chemicals over the
next decade, but international companies also have the more sophisticated
products that will be needed in the coming stages of China’s economic
development.
However, international companies also face new challenges. Chinese
companies are increasingly trying to step out of low-profit commodity
segments and climb up the technology ladder to more sophisticated sectors,
as well as enjoying many home-player advantages in the more competitive
environment. In this article, we outline the moves that international players
should make to continue to capture profitable growth opportunities in
China.
Well placed in the world’s prime growth market. Even though
China’s chemical-demand growth has slowed from the double-digit rates
seen in the last decade, the country continues to offer immense potential to
international chemical companies.
While international companies have been affected by the deceleration
in China’s rate of expansion in 2012, most remain optimistic about
continuing growth prospects in the world’s biggest chemical market,
especially when compared with the outlook many see at home. Entering a
more competitive world. All of these factors give international companies a
strong hand to play, but changes under way in China are creating new
challenges.
35
By Sheng Hong, Nathan Liu, and Thomas Luedi.
85
14. Find in the text above the key sentences of each part. Combine them
into a summary and rewrite them in your own words.
15. Study the meaning of the following words and word combinations.
1) international chemical companies …
2) to be a major importer of commodity chemicals …
3) to step out of low-profit commodity segments …
4) to climb up the technology ladder to more sophisticated sectors …
5) the more competitive environment …
6) to continue to capture profitable growth opportunities …
7) the world’s prime growth market …
8) to offer immense potential to international chemical companies …
9) a more competitive world …
10) chemical-demand growth …
16. Read, translate text B and find the key sentences. Combine them into
a summary using the following phrases: The subject of the text is …;
the author of the text says that …; he points out that …; next the author
emphasizes the idea that …; the author goes on saying that …; the text
ends with …; the author concludes that … .
TEXT B. THE EUROPEAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 203036
Preparing for the future, chemical companies worldwide are wasting
no time crafting their regional positioning strategies for 2030. Obtaining an
accurate assessment of market attractiveness and size of their current
footprint in each region is a good place to start. The current competitive
environment suggests that European companies are well positioned in their
home markets but have weak positions in overseas markets. As a result,
significant opportunities exist in overseas markets.
Overall attractiveness of a particular regional market is defined by its size
and growth capacity, price levels, and ease of doing business. The more
qualitative generic positioning is defined by market share, customer access, and
profitability. European players’ core and largest market is Europe. With a slow
growth outlook, Europe is a market where competitors play by the rules. In
36
https://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/536196.
86
terms of market attractiveness, European producers are most interested in
China for its potential and growth rates. China is already highly competitive
and has a government that is not shy about wielding power, even with
multinational companies.
Moving down the list, the NAFTA countries remain fairly attractive as a
large, homogenous market where competition is fair; but, as in Europe, growth is
slow. The rest of Asia (ROA) is a relatively fragmented and highly competitive
market that is slightly less appealing than the NAFTA region. However, similar
to China, ROA continues to be interesting because it has some of the largest and
fastest-growing economies, including India, South Korea, Indonesia, Singapore,
Malaysia, and Vietnam. Finally, Latin America, Japan, and the rest of the world
(ROW) are at the bottom of the list for European producers. These markets do
not have the size or growth potential of the others.
In market position, European companies clearly enjoy a home-field
advantage, but their positions outside of Europe are not strong, having only
limited market share. Improving profitability continues to be the largest
challenge for companies operating in China, while integration into Japanese
networks also remains problematic. In ROA, foreign players face very
fragmented markets where local competition is often backed by governments,
and local demand may not justify investing in world-scale assets. In Latin
America, European players could improve their market share by taking
advantage of their solid competitive positions. Finally, the NAFTA countries
offer potential to improve margins and capture more market share.
17. Study the meaning of the following word combinations; make up your
own sentences using the given word combinations.
1) a mature manufacturing industry …
2) to nurture global champions, particularly in those industries which will
be a major market …
3) for legitimizing proposed investments in a community …
4) to work hard on proactive stakeholder management …
5) to address the concerns of environmentalists and local communities …
6) to identifying key stakeholders in all areas affected by businesses …
7) to develop an appropriate distribution-partner network …
8) to get closer to customers and differentiate …
9) the increasingly competitive environment …
10) to select the right distributor partners …
11) to set up a dedicated business-development team …
87
12) to identify small and midsize companies …
13) a trajectory to become even larger but much more competitive one …
14) to create value propositions for university graduates and industry experts …
15) to meet the demands of an ambitious workforce …
18. Study the 5 basic steps for making business profitable; prepare
the basic aspects about the Russian industry and make a presentation
on it.
TEXT C. CHINA IS TAKING STEPS TO ASSURE
PROFITABLE GROWTH37
1. Aligning with the country’s needs. China’s latest five-year plan
offers some indications to chemical makers of such areas. The core
chemical industry is viewed, as a mature manufacturing industry where
there could be room, albeit limited, for international players bringing
technology that China still needs. However, chemicals are important
enablers for a wide range of strategic industries in which the Chinese
government wants to nurture global champions, particularly in those
industries for which China will be a major market.
2. Proactively managing stakeholders. Nowhere is stakeholder
management more important than in new-plant projects. In the absence of a
formal process in China at present for legitimizing proposed investments in
a community, international companies will need to work hard on proactive
stakeholder management to address the concerns of environmentalists and
local communities. Companies should recognize that local governments
might put health and environmental concerns higher than economic growth.
Successful international companies are putting in place government-affairs
teams dedicated to identifying key stakeholders in all areas affected by their
businesses.
3. Rethinking channel and go-to-market strategies. Since China’s
market is heavily relationship driven, having a local presence is essential in
the new areas that are opening up; going it alone is virtually impossible. To
acquire footholds across this vast territory, companies must develop an
appropriate distribution-partner network that will enable them to get closer
to customers and differentiate them in the increasingly competitive
37
http://urbanica.spb.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Methodology-and-Conclusions.-Industrial-Framework-
of-Russia.-The-250-Largest-Industrial-Centers-of-Russia.pdf.
88
environment. It is critical to select the right distributor partners, since
capabilities, relationships, dependability and ethics, and influence vary
sharply among players.
4. Using M&A and partnerships to build their base. First,
international companies should set up a dedicated business-development team
in China, which ideally would also bring experience in deal sourcing. Such
teams should have the resources needed to undertake the target screening
required to identify which of the many small and midsize companies are
attractive targets. Second, these teams should negotiate deal structures that
retain key personnel, and they should develop creative partnership structures
such as alliances that could open the path to future acquisitions. In this way,
international companies could overcome the key issue that most small
Chinese companies lack established systems and processes that would ensure
core know – how – typically represented by a few key employees like the
head of sales or head of technology – would be retained after an acquisition.
5. Leveraging China for a global business. China, already the
world’s biggest chemical market, is on a trajectory over the next decade to
become an even larger but much more competitive one. International
companies that want a share in this must review how to align their offerings
with China’s evolving needs, how to access shifting demand, and how to
expand and strengthen their base. There is another issue that international
companies must address that in a sense underlies all of the above – talent
shortages and talent management. Just as business competition in sectors
such as specialty chemicals is likely to heat up, the competition for talent is
likely to intensify as Chinese players seek to improve their capabilities.
International companies must continue to invest in their corporate brand;
they also need to create value propositions for university graduates and
industry experts that go beyond compensation and are tailored to meet the
demands of an ambitious Chinese workforce.
19. Ask questions to text C: begin your questions with the words.
I wonder why …
I want to know why …
I’d like to know why …
I have no idea why …
I’m interested to know why …
It is interesting to know why …
It is of interest to know why …
89
20. Find in text C English equivalents to the given Russian word
combinations.
Пятилетний план, химические производители, зрелая обраба-
тывающая промышленность, отсутствие формального процесса,
заинтересованная сторона, экологические проблемы, предложенные инвестици, фактически невозможно, широкий диапазон,
стратегические отрасли промышленности, защитники окружающей
среды, испытывать недостаток, основное ноу-хау, идентификация
ключевых сторон, дифференцировать в конкурентной среде, ведущие
специалисты, потребности развития, ведущие сотрудники,
корпоративный бренд, эксперт, конкурентоспособные международные компании, управление талантами, химические продукты тонкого органического синтеза, удовлетворить требованиям.
21. Study the meaning of the following words and word combinations.
Make up your own sentences using the given word combinations.
1) the strong success its oil industry …
2) the world’s largest producer and exporter of petroleum liquids …
3) heavily dependent on oil and petroleum-related industries, including
petrochemicals and petroleum refining …
4) large-scale development projects …
5) historically high oil prices …
6) historically large government fuel subsidies …
7) long-term goal / short-term goal …
8) the production target / ambitious (new) production targets …
9) to meet the growing demand for energy around the world …
10) to boost production capacity by developing/upgrading new
projects …
11) to decline construction costs …
12) to spend on upstream and downstream operations …
13) petroleum and energy support services …
14) a constant demand for experienced companies (quality products) …
15) industry expansion …
16) the global recession …
17) the market for engineered products …
90
22. Read, translate text D; find in text D English equivalents to the given
Russian word combinations.
Успех нефтедобывающей промышленности, крупномасштабные
проекты развития, внутренний валовый продукт, долгосрочная цель,
зависить от нефтяных отраслей промышленности, крупнейшим
производителем и экспортером, экспорт нефти, опытные компании,
качественные продукты, правительственные субсидия, полезные
ископаемые, удовлетворить растущий спрос на энергию, добыча нефти
и газа, развивать (модернизировать) новые (существующие) проекты,
увеличение частных инвестиций, глобальная рецессия, поддерживать
предпочтение, стратегический компонент, очистительные заводы,
стратегия приватизации, постоянный спрос, крупнейший торговый
партнер, деловые возможности для частных фирм.
TEXT D. OVERVIEW OF THE OIL AND GAS SECTOR
IN SAUDI ARABIA38
For decades, Saudi Arabia’s economic development has been driven
by the strong success its oil industry. Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest
producer and exporter of petroleum liquids and is currently the world’s
second largest crude oil producer behind Russia. Saudi Arabia’s economy
remains heavily dependent on oil and petroleum-related industries,
including petrochemicals and petroleum refining.
According to the International Monetary Fund, oil export revenues
account for around 90 percent of total Saudi export earnings and above 40
percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Meanwhile, Saudi
Arabia is also the Middle East’s fastest growing consumer of energy, due in
part to its rapidly growing population and large-scale development projects.
Domestic consumption has also been stimulated by historically high oil
prices and large government fuel subsidies.
Saudi Arabia's long-term goal is to further develop its lighter crude
reserves including the Shaybah Field, located in the Empty Quarter (Rub alKhali) area bordering the United Arab Emirates, the Abu Hadriya, Fadhili
and Khursaniyah (AFK) fields and the giant Khurais Field.
In 2005, the Saudi Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources
announced an ambitious goal of increasing capacity to 12.5 million barrels per
38
http://www.us-sabc.org/files/public/oil&gas_brochure.pdf.
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