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111
and technology-heavy industry. The individuals who succeed are the ones
who are able to constantly learn and adapt.
Teamwork. There are very few jobs in oil and gas that do not require
you to work on a team. In order to be a successful employee, you must have
excellent teamwork skills. In many companies, you will be placed on teams
from people all over the world. You won’t have the same cultural or
language background, but you will have to quickly learn how to trust each
other and work together.
Communication. Communication is just as important as teamwork in
the industry. Many of these jobs are incredibly dangerous. In order to work
as safely as possible, you must be able to communicate clearly about
problems and hazards. Lack of communication can cause expensive and
deadly mistakes.
Work Ethic. If you haven’t worked in the industry before, you should
know that the work will be grueling. Most people who start as field hands
or roustabouts will be expected to work shifts for up to 12 or 24 hours. This
industry requires people who will work hard and keep working even when
others would call it quits.
Technical Skills. Obviously a lot of the work in the oil and gas
industry is technical. It is very important to understand how to do your job,
how to operate the machines, and how to solve the different problems that
come your way. Even if you don’t have a college degree that relates to oil
and gas, that doesn’t necessarily mean you can can’t do the job. There are
many training courses as well as one and two year degrees that will give
you some of the necessary background knowledge.
24. Study the meaning of the following word combinations.
1) to have a background in petroleum engineering …
2) to look for smart individuals …
3) a very scientific and technology-heavy industry …
4) to have excellent teamwork skills …
5) to have the same cultural or language background …
6) to communicate clearly about problems and hazards …
7) to understand how to do your job and how to operate the machines …
8) how to solve the different problems that come your way …
9) the necessary background knowledge …
10) the training courses as well as one and two year degrees …
112
25. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1) Temporary settlements related with remote oil and gas extraction
facilities are not included into the ranking in spite of high financial
result because they do not have permanent population and are not cities
(towns) themselves.
2) Small and medium-sized towns are represented in the ranking as well,
because extraction and primary processing of natural resources does not
require a high level of employment.
3) Detailed analysis of sectorial and corporate structure shows the
significant role of multinational corporations (production of food, drink,
tobacco, automotive industry), traditional machinery production
(aerospace and defence sectors) and medium-sized enterprises.
4) Traditional machinery construction and high tech processing centres
with the exception of Moscow (1st place) and St. Petersburg (2nd
place) play less significant role.
5) Cities specialized in extraction and primary processing of natural
resources (extraction and refining of oil and gas, mining of coal and ore,
metallurgy, electric power generation, chemical, pulp and paper industry)
have 140 positions in the ranking, half of them – in the top 100 list.
6) Moscow and St. Petersburg (ranks 1 and 2) are still most important
industrial centres in Russia in spite of post-industrial transformation in
the past 20 years. Leadership of both Russian capitals is caused by
intensive development of modern enterprises in FMCG48 sector.
7) Post-industrial transformation, development of services and FMCG
sector during past 20 years increased the role of metropolitan areas in
the ranking (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Perm, Samara, Nizhniy Novgorod
etc.) and created new industrial growing points on the map of Russia.
8) The results of the ranking show significant spatial disproportion in
placement of industrial (productive) assets in Russia.
26. Read text 5 and analyze the role Russia plays in Industrial Framework;
Find English equivalents to the given Russian word combinations.
Крупнейший промышленный центр, металлургия, национальное
промышленное производство, временные урегулирования, добыча нефти
и газа, высокий финансовый результат, основная обработка природных
48
Fast-moving consumer goods.
113
ресурсов, высокие технологии, горная промышленность, выработки
электроэнергии, целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность, низкий
уровень развития традиционного производства, интенсивное развитие
современных предприятий, постиндустриальное преобразование,
анализ корпоративной структуры.
TEXT 5. INDUSTRIAL FRAMEWORK OF RUSSIA:
the 250 Largest Industrial Centres of Russia49
The ranking covers 250 largest industrial centres in Russia. A quarter
of all the cities and towns in Russia are represented in the ranking. These 250
leading industrial centres concentrate 66% of Russia’s urban population and
76% of national industrial production. Temporary settlements related with
remote oil and gas extraction facilities are not included into the ranking in
spite of high financial result because they do not have permanent population
and are not cities (towns) themselves. The cities and towns remaining outside
the ranking 750 Russian concentrate less than 10% of national industrial
production in total. This makes the ranking very representative and allows
basic regularities of industrial business allocation in Russia to be understood.
It’s evident that there is no direct relation between the population level
of a city and its industrial power. Million-strong cities are settled in the
industrial ranking from the first place (Moscow) to the 41st (Kazan). Small
and medium-sized towns are represented in the ranking as well, because
extraction and primary processing of natural resources does not require a high
level of employment. On the top of the ranking we can find following centres
of the primary sector: Surgut (3rd place), Nizhnevartovsk (4th place), Norilsk
(8th place), Cherepovets (11th place), Almetyevsk (12th place), Kogalym
(17th place), Kstovo (18th place), Novy Urengoy (19th place).
Traditional machinery construction and high tech processing centres
with the exception of Moscow (1st place) and St. Petersburg (2nd place) play
less significant role. Most important industrial centres with low dependence on
primary sector are: Togliatti (16th place), Yekaterinburg (24th place), Samara
(27th place), Kaliningrad (28th place), Nizhniy Novgorod (32nd place), Kaluga
(33rd place), Novosibirsk (34th place), Rostov-on-Don (38th place).
Cities specialized in extraction and primary processing of natural
resources (extraction and refining of oil and gas, mining of coal and ore,
49
http://urbanica.spb.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Methodology-and-Conclusions.-Industrial-Framework-
of-Russia.-The-250-Largest-Industrial-Centers-of-Russia.pdf.
114
metallurgy, electric power generation, chemical, pulp and paper industry)
have 140 positions in the ranking, half of them – in the top 100 list. That
proves in general the low development level of traditional machinery
production and high tech processing centres. Several cities have a high level
of welfare and low position in the rating because of post-industrial
transformation in local economy – from industry to services. Good examples
are Krasnodar (61st place), Tyumen (66th place), Tomsk (84th place), Belgorod
(96th place), Vladivostok (127th place), Khabarovsk (187th place), Sochi
(outside of the ranking).
Moscow and St. Petersburg (ranks 1 and 2) are still most important
industrial centres in Russia in spite of post-industrial transformation in the
past 20 years. Leadership of both Russian capitals is caused by intensive
development of modern enterprises in FMCG
50
sector. Detailed analysis of
sectorial and corporate structure shows the significant role of multinational
corporations (production of food, drink, tobacco, automotive industry),
traditional machinery production (aerospace and defence sectors) and
medium-sized enterprises.
Post-industrial transformation, development of services and FMCG
sector during past 20 years increased the role of metropolitan areas in the
ranking (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Perm, Samara, Nizhniy Novgorod etc.) and
created new industrial growing points on the map of Russia: Kaliningrad
(28th place), Kaluga (33rd place), Vsevolozhsk (46th place), Stupino (60th place),
Borovsk (91st place), Ruza (95th place), Chekhov (108th place), Klin
(125th place), Lebedyan (142nd place), Lobnya (160th place), Alexeyevka
(165 place), Timashevsk (167th place), Istra (163rd place), Pokrov (185th place),
Yegorievsk (186th place), Elabuga (215th place). Most industrial growing points
are located in Moscow metropolitan area – largest consumption market in
Russia. The results of the ranking show significant spatial disproportion in
placement of industrial (productive) assets in Russia.
27. Agree or disagree with the following statement using the following
expressions: to agree with, to be in agreement with, to be consistent
with, to be in keeping with, to be in line with, to fit into, to hold for, to
be valid for, to be true for, begin with the following phrases: to my
mind …, to my knowledge …, from my point of view …, as far as I know
…, in my opinion …, as far as I can judge ….
Men benefit from the advances in science.
50
Fast-moving consumer goods.
115
REFERENCES
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Press, 1990. – 450 p.
2. Barclay, A. Pure Chemistry. A brief outline of chemistry and its
development / A. Barclay. – London : UK, 1979. – 355 p.
3. Bergman, D. L. Spinning Charget Ring Model of Elementary Particles /
D. L. Bergman // Galilean Electrodinamics, 1991. – Vol. 2. – No. 2. –
Р. 30–32.
4. Bergman, David L. Physical Models for Elementary Particles, Atoms
and Nuclei / David L. Bergman, J. Lucas, W. Charles // Problem of
Space, Time and Motion : IVth Int. conf. (St. Petersburg, September
1997). – St. Petersburg, 1997. – P. 70–89.
5. Dingle, M. Basic Chemistry / Инициал. Dingle, Michael. Simpson. –
London, 1965. – 371 p.
6. Kerr, R. Nucleus. English for Science and Technology. General
English. General Science. New edition with reading texts / Rosalie
Kerr, Jennifer Smith. – London: Longman LTD, 1997. – 88 p.
7. Lucas, J. A. Physical Model for Atoms and Nuclei / J. A. Lucas //
Galilean Electrodinamics, 1996. – Vol. 7, – No. 1. – Р. 3–12.
8. Snelson K. Portrait of an atom / Exhibition booklet. Baltimore's
Maryland Science Center, 1981. – 28 p.
9. Stewart, B. Start with Chemistry / B. Stewart. – Kent: DP Press,
1998. – 283 p.
10. Stewart, B. Progress with Chemistry / B. Stewart. – Kent : DP Press,
2011. – 275 p.
11. Vicki Hollett. Business Opportunities / Vicki Hollett. – Oxford : Oxford
University Press, 1999. – 192 p.
12. White, D. A. Modern Introduction to Chemistry / D. A. White. –
Oxford: Oxford, 2000. – 300 p.
13. Близниченко, К.Л. Английский язык: пособие для химико-
технологических вузов / К. Л. Близниченко, Н. М. Прусс. – М.:
Высшая школа, 1991. – 144 с.
14. Гаркунов, В.П. Методика преподавания химии / В. П. Гаркунов;
под ред. Н. Е. Кузнецовой. – М. : Просвещение, 1984. – 415 с.
15. Глинка, Н.Л. Общая химия: учебное пособие для вузов /
Н. Л. Глинка; под ред. В. А. Рабиновича. – 21-е изд. – Л. : Химия,
1980. – 720 с.
116
16. Грабецкий, А.А. Использование средств обучения на уроках химии /
А. А. Грабецкий, Л. С. Зазнобина, Т. С. Назарова. – М.:
Просвещение, 1988. – 160 с.
17. Минченков, Е.Е. Концепция химического образования в школе /
Е. Е. Минченков // Химия в школе, 1993. – № 4. – С. 7–11.
18. Нурутдинова А.Р. Aнглийский язык для информационных
технологий. Часть 1. (уч. пособие по формированию иноязычной
профессиональной компетенции студентов технических
специальностей) А.Р. Нурутдинова. – Казань: Изд-во КНИТУ,
2013. – 304 с.
19. Нурутдинова А.Р. Aнглийский язык для информационных
технологий. Часть 2. (уч. пособие по формированию иноязычной
профессиональной компетенции студентов технических
специальностей) А.Р. Нурутдинова. – Казань: Изд-во КНИТУ,
2013. – 316 с.
20. Орловская, И.В. Учебник английского языка для студентов
технических вузов и университетов / И.В. Орловская,
Л.С. Самсонов, А. И. Скубриева. – М. : Изд-во МГТУ им.
Н. Э. Баумана, 2002. – 448 c.
21. Парахина, А.В. Пособие по переводу технических текстов с
английского языка на русский / А.В. Парахина. – М. : Высшая
школа, 1972. – 160 с.
22. Серебрянникова, Э.И. Английский язык для химиков : учебник для
студентов химико-технолог. спец. вузов / Э. И. Серебрянникова,
И. Е. Круглякова. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М. : Высшая школа,
1987. – 400 с.
23. Симон, Р. Эксперимент в химическом познании / Р. Симон //
Эксперимент, модель, теория. Наблюдение, эксперимент,
практика. – Москва–Берлин: Наука, 1982. – С. 76–87.
24. Чистик, М.Я. Английский язык для политехнических вузов: учеб.
пособие / М. Я. Чистик. – 3-е изд., испр. и доп. – М. : Высшая
школа, 1998 – 351 с.
25. Фримантл, М. Химия в действии: в 2 ч. Ч. 1 / М. Фримантл. – Пер.
с англ. – М. : Мир, 1991. – 528 с.
26. Фримантл, М. Химия в действии : в 2 ч. Ч. 2 / М. Фримантл. – Пер.
с англ. – М.: Мир, 1991. – 622 с.
117
APPENDIX I
PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
1. RESEARCH REPORT WRITING
Цель написания статьи:
The object (purpose) of this paper is to present (to discuss, to describe,
to show, to develop, to give) ...
The paper (article) puts forward the idea (attempts to determine)...
Вопросы, обсуждаемые в статье:
The paper (article) discusses some problems relating to (deals with
some aspects of, considers the problem of, presents the basic theory,
provides information on, reviews the basic principles of)...
The paper (article) is concerned with (is devoted to) ...
Начало статьи:
The paper (article) begins with a short discussion on (deals firstly with
the problem of) ...
The first paragraph deals with ...
First (At first, At the beginning) the author points out that (notes that,
describes)...
Переход к изложению следующей части статьи:
Then follows a discussion on ...
Then the author goes on to the problem of...
The next (following) paragraph deals with (presents, discusses, describes) ...
After discussing ... the author turns to ...
Next (Further, Then) the author tries to (indicates that, explains that) ...
It must be emphasized that (should be noted that, is evident that, is
clear that, is interesting to note that)...
Конец изложения статьи:
The final paragraph states (describes, ends with)...
The conclusion is that the problem is ...
The author concludes that (summarizes the)...
To sum up (to conclude) the author emphasizes (points out, admits) that...
Finally (In the end) the author admits-(emphasizes) that...
118
Оценка статьи:
118
In my opinion (To my mind, I think) ...
The paper (article) is interesting (not interesting), of importance
(of little importance), valuable (invaluable), up-to-date (out-of-date),
useful (useless)...
Слова и словосочетания для реферирования текста:
данная статья – the present paper;
тема – the theme (subject-matter);
основная проблема – the main (major) problem;
цель – the purpose;
основной принцип – the basic, principle;
проблемы, связанные с – problems relating to; problems of;
аналогично – similarly; likewise;
поэтому, следовательно, в результате этого – hence; therefore;
наоборот – on the contrary;
тем не менее – nevertheless; still; yet;
кроме того – besides; also; again; in addition; furthermore;
сначала – at first;
далее, затем – next; further; then;
наконец, итак – finally;
вкратце – in short; in brief;
119
2. BASIC FRAMEWORKFOR A RESEARCH REPORT51
1. The title
The fewest words possible that adequately
describe the paper.
2. Acknowledgements
Thanking colleagues, supervisors, sponsors,
etc. for their assistance.
3. List of contents
The sections, in sequence, included in the
report
4. List of figures /
tables
The sequence of charts or diagrams that
appear in tables
INTRODUCTION
5. The abstract
An extremely concise summary of the
contents of the report, including the
conclusions. It provides an overview of the
whole report for the reader.
6. Statement of the
problem
A brief discussion of the nature of the
research and problem and the reasons for
undertaking it. A clear declaration of
proposals and hypotheses.
MAIN BODY
7. Literature Review
A survey of selective, relevant and
appropriate reading, both of primary and
secondary source materials. Evidence of
original and critical thought applied to
books and journals.
51
In abbreviated form, the traditional structure of a scientific or technical report is IMRAD = Introduction,
Methods, Results and Discussion.
120
8. Design of the
investigation
A statement and discussion of the
hypotheses, and the theoretical structure in
which they will be tested and examined,
together with the methods used.
9. Measurement
techniques used
Detailed descriptions and discussion of
testing device used. Presentation of data
supporting validity and reliability. A
discussion of the analysis to be applied to
the results to test the hypotheses.
10. Results
The presentation in a logical order of
information and data on which a decision
can be made to accept or reject the
hypotheses.
CONCLUSION
11. Discussion and
conclusion or
(Recommendations and
suggestions for further
research)
The presentation of principles,
relationships, correlations and
generalizations shown by the results. The
interpretation of the results and their
relationship to the research problem and
hypotheses. The making of deductions and
inferences, and the implications for the
research. The making of recommendations.
12. Summary of
conclusions
A concise account of the main findings, and
the inferences drawn from them.
EXTRAS
13. Bibliography
An accurate listing in strict alphabetical
order of all the sources cited in the text.
14. Appendices
A complication of important data and
explanatory and illustrative material, placed
outside the main body of the text.
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