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Файл:English for Special Purposes. Language of Chemistry. Tutorial
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If the person you are calling cannot agree to your request at all, ask if
he knows someone else who can help: Do you know anyone else who might
be able to help me? Whether the receiver can help you or not, thank her and
close the call politely.
5. Close the call. As the caller, it is your job to close the call when
you have got the information you need. Unless the receiver shows that he
wants to talk, it is not polite to chat once your business is finished.
If there is a difficult silence at the end of the call, it is probably because
you are not doing your job of closing the call. You can do this by confirming
the arrangement: So, I’ll come to your office on Monday at 10....
Thanking the receiver, Thank you very much for your help....
And saying goodbye: Goodbye....
In each case, wait for the receiver’s response before you go on to the next
stage. Wait until you’ve heard the receiver say goodbye before you hang up.
15. Give the English equivalents of the following word combinations;
make up sentences with them.
Пренебрегать достижением цивилизации, важная составляющая
повседневной жизни, культурная и социальная сферы, помеха, деловой
звонок, обратиться друг к другу, мобильный этикет запрещает,
отклоняться от темы, запрещать просматривать списки звонков,
звонить с чужого номера без согласия, pазумеется, без разрешения
владельцев, взаимные приветствия, выразить благодарность
собеседнику, самовольно оборвать разговор, выказывать свою
усталость или недовольство, эмоциональная ссора, долго молчать в
трубку, пустая и бессмысленная болтовня.
16. Translate the following sentences into English.
1) Мобильный телефон стал важной составляющей нашей повседневной
жизни, поэтому надо знать некоторые правила мобильного этикета.
2) За короткое время делового общения следует ясно изложить цель
своего звонка и обсудить основную тему; только по делу.
3) Мобильный этикет запрещает звонить с чужого номера без согласия
на то его владельца, а также давать номера чужих мобильных
телефонов без разрешения их владельцев.
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4) В завершение общения мобильный этикет советует звонящему
выразить благодарность собеседнику за то, что тот смог уделить ему
время и закончить разговор.
5) Мобильный этикет запрещает совмещать разговор по мобильному
телефону с какими-либо другими делами.
6) Когда Вы звоните на мобильный телефон, после взаимных
приветствий поинтересуйтесь, удобно ли сейчас разговаривать.
7) Нельзя затягивать беседу, тратя своё время и время абонента на
пустую и бессмысленную болтовню.
17. Translate “Мобильный этикет” into English; find the Russian
equivalents to the following word combinations.
The mobile etiquette, SMS addressed to other people, without the
permission, hindrance in cultural and social spheres, to know some rules of
mobile etiquette, business communication, an important component,
throughout business conversation, interlocutors, to tighten conversation,
convenient to talk, to call back, to provide the important information, it is
impossible to show the fatigue or discontent, worth speaking accurately, the
etiquette forbids, to combine conversation with, to jump from one subject to
another, categorically forbids.
TEXT. МОБИЛЬНЫЙ ЭТИКЕТ 31
Мобильный телефон сегодня есть у каждого. Пожалуй, только
некоторые жители тесных российских деревенек пренебрегают
достижением цивилизации. Мобильный телефон стал важной
составляющей нашей повседневной жизни. Чтобы он не стал вдруг
помехой в культурной и социальной сферах, надо знать некоторые
правила мобильного этикета.
Деловые звонки по мобильному телефону. Деловой звонок по
мобильному телефону обычно длится от трёх до семи минут. В начале
разговора звонящий представляется, называя своё имя и фамилию или
имя-отчество и фамилию.
В продолжение делового разговора по мобильному телефону
собеседники должны успеть несколько раз обратиться друг к другу по
имени / имени-отчеству.
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http://www.knigge.ru/mobile_etiket.html.
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За короткое время делового общения следует ясно изложить цель
своего звонка и обсудить основную тему. Говорить стоит только по
делу. Мобильный этикет запрещает далеко отклоняться от темы
делового звонка.
Мобильные запреты. Мобильный этикет строго запрещает
просматривать списки звонков в чужих телефонах и читать СМС,
адресованные другим людям. Разумеется, данное правило
распространяется даже на самых близких друг другу людей: мать не
может «копаться» в телефоне сына, муж – в телефоне жены и т.п.
Мобильный этикет запрещает также звонить с чужого номера
без согласия на то его владельца. Нельзя давать кому-либо номера
чужих мобильных телефонов без разрешения их владельцев.
Нельзя фотографировать или снимать людей на камеру
мобильного телефона без их согласия. Аналогично ситуация обстоит и
с диктофоном на сотовом.
Правила общения по мобильному телефону. Когда Вы звоните
кому-либо на мобильный телефон, сразу же после взаимных приветствий
обязательно поинтересуйтесь, удобно ли абоненту сейчас разговаривать.
Если собеседник не может с Вами в данный момент поговорить,
узнайте, через какое время можно будет ему перезвонить. Мобильный
этикет гласит, что почётное право перезванивать и заканчивать разговор
принадлежит звонящему. Однако, если тот, кому Вы звоните, обещает
сам перезвонить, как только освободится, отдайте ему инициативу. Если
абонент может с Вами побеседовать в данный момент, но не знает, что у
Вас к нему очень длинный разговор, следует узнать, сколько времени он
сможет уделить сейчас общению с Вами по мобильному телефону.
В завершение общения мобильный этикет советует звонящему
выразить благодарность собеседнику за то, что тот смог уделить ему
время и предоставил важные сведения, и закончить разговор. А вот
трубку после прощания первым по возможности лучше пусть положит
тот, кому звонили, чтобы не сложилось впечатление, что звонивший
самовольно оборвал разговор.
Разговаривая по мобильному телефону нельзя злиться,
выказывать свою усталость или недовольство. Лучше улыбаться,
общаясь по телефону. Говорить стоит чётко и достаточно громко,
чтобы Ваш собеседник не мучился, расшифровывая каждое слово.
Этикет запрещает совмещать разговор по мобильному телефону
с какими-либо другими делами. Нельзя уклоняться от темы разговора.
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Не следует резко перескакивать с одной темы на другую во время
общения по мобильному телефону.
Не стоит закатывать истерик и скандалов: любая эмоциональная
ссора – это не телефонный разговор. Мобильный этикет запрещает
долго молчать в трубку. Когда собеседник произносит длинный
монолог, вам следует как-то реагировать на его слова,
демонстрировать свою заинтересованность.
Нельзя затягивать беседу, тратя своё время и время абонента на
пустую и бессмысленную болтовню. Резко вешать трубку мобильный
этикет категорически запрещает.
18. Fill in the blanks with the following words32: Automatic, call, dial,
dialling tone, directory, engaged, exchange, operator, receiver,
subscriber’s number, trunk code, Yellow Pages
You need to make a telephone (1) ________ . Then make sure you
have your correspondent’s number close at hand. Telephone numbers
consist of a (2) ____________ and a (3) _____________. If you don’t know
your contact’s number, look it up in the telephone 4) _________ of the (5)
____________. The latter contains the telephone numbers of businesses and
traders in your area. The next thing you do is lift the (6) _____________
and (7) _________ or press the number. You will then hear a (8)
______________.
If the number is (9) _____________ you will hear an engaged tone.
Bad luck, you will have to ring back later. In a company, the first person
who answers the phone will often be the 10) ____________. He - but still
more often: she - will put you through to the person you require. The
operator operates the telephone (11) ___________. In an increasing number
of businesses however manual exchanges are replaced by direct lines or
(12) _____________ exchanges.
19. Translate the following English sentences into Russian.
1) More companies are organizing themselves along product lines where
companies have separate divisions according to the product that is being
worked on.
2) In this case the focus is always on the product and how it can be improved.
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http://www.nvtc.ee/e-oppe/Varkki/phone/?How_to_make_a_telephone_calls.:Getting_connected.
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3) The most recognizable set up is called the functional structure where a
fairly traditional chain of command (incorporating senior management,
middle management and junior management) is put in place.
4) When they tried to sell it on the Asian market the product flopped because
there were no country managers informing them of the changes that would
need to be made in order to satisfy this more demanding market.
5) Among the trends that currently influence how a company organizes
itself is the move towards centralization and outsourcing.
6) Restructuring has evolved along with a more “customer centric”
approach that can be seen to good effect in the banks.
7) Cultivating curiosity allows you to relax the situation, focus on the
important issues and keep your emotions stable.
20. Practice speaking on the phone. Work in groups of two. You will be
taking in turns to role-play a phone call. Begin with the words
expressing uncertainty.
– I’m afraid I can’t tell you exactly.
– I really can’t tell you.
– I don't know it for sure.
– I don't know it exactly.
– I’m not quite sure of it.
– As a matter of fact I don't know it for certain.
– I’m not quite certain of it.
– As far as I know …
Read the following instructions:
Student A. You are Mr/Ms. McNiliam, in charge of shipping
customers’ orders and answering queries about delayed shipments.
These orders have been held up for the reasons given:
ARG 4581 – delay due to rejection by Quality Control. Revised
shipment date: 30th of this month.
RAJ 4581 – delay due to staff sickness in Production Dept. Revised
shipment date some time next week. Airfreight at no extra charge.
Student B. You are Mr/Ms. LaRue, a customer. You are the caller.
Call Mr/Ms. Peterson to find out whether the goods you have ordered
have been dispatched yet.
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The order number was RAJ 4581. The date you placed the order was
January 16. If they haven’t him/her to hurry them up.
Ask exactly when you can expect the goods to arrive. If necessary,
he/she can call you back with (0231550 extension this information 018).
21. Make up key sentences based on texts above (Text A, Text B, Text C,
Text D). Begin them with: It seems (quite) clear (likely, unlikely,
doubtless, obvious, surprising, possible, impossible, unexpected) that …
22. Discuss the following statement using the following expressions: to
agree with, to be in agreement with, to be consistent with, to be in
keeping with, to be in line with, to fit into, to hold for, to be valid for, to
be true for, begin with the following phrases: to my mind …, to my
knowledge …, from my point of view …, as far as I know …, in my
opinion …, as far as I can judge ….
One should always keep an open mind receptive to new ideas.
Mere accumulation of facts is a very primitive form of science.
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UNIT 4. FOREIGN AND LOCAL COMPANIES
IN CHEMICAL PRODUCTION
1. Practice the reading of the following words and check the meaning
of the ones you don’t know.
Acquisition, authority, hierarchy, facilities, infrastructure, manpower,
innovative, outsourcing, subordinate, share, incompatible, merger, assembly,
distributor partners, capabilities, relationships, dependability, ethics, qualityconscious, efficient, executives, core chemical industry, strategic industries,
global investments, distribution partner, capabilities, relationships,
dependability, talent shortages and talent management, crude oil, exporter of
petroleum liquids, consumption, petrochemicals and petroleum refining,
recession, declining, challenges, industry expansion, petroleum and energy
support services.
2. Give the initial forms of the following verbs.
Merger, taken, functional, less, Asian, speedy, further, growth,
competitive, worst, outsourcing, largest, increasingly, restructuring, localization,
sophisticated, continuing, established, manufacturing.
3. State to what parts of speech the following italicized words belong.
1) The matrix structure first evolved during a project developed by NASA
when they needed to pool together different skills from a variety of
functional areas.
2) In this case the focus is always on the product and how it can be improved.
3) The overall result was organizations that were less bureaucratic.
4) When they tried to sell it on the Asian market the product flopped because
there were no country managers informing them of the changes that would
need to be made in order to satisfy this more demanding market.
5) A new company cannot go forward without this and established
companies must ensure their structure reflects their target markets,
goals and available technology.
6) Without a huge bureaucratic infrastructure people can react a lot more
quickly to any challenges and work towards the company’s objectives”.
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7) The main benefit of this system is clear lines of communication from top to
bottom but it is generally accepted that it can also be a bureaucratic set up
which does not favour speedy decision-making.
8) To drive further profitable growth in the increasingly competitive China
market, international chemical companies should focus on five areas.
9) One testimony to the growth models that international companies have
been employing in China is that these companies have by and large
escaped the worst effects of the slowdown.
10) However, chemicals are important enablers for a wide range of strategic
industries in which the Chinese government wants to nurture global
champions, particularly in those industries for which China will be a
major market.
4. Check if you remember the following verbs.
To consist of, to be composed of, to be made up of, to make redundant,
to pool together, to put in for, to put up with, to split up, to typify, to rise, to
change, to occur, to alter, to get, to dispute, to insist, to report back, to
assess, to be convinced, to withdraw, to diffuse, to transmit, to recognize, to
concern, acquire, to get closer, to undertake, to overcome, to invest, to
revenue, to stimulate, to be announced, to dip, to remain, to boost, to
upgrade, to extend, to approve, to occupy.
5. Study the meaning of the following word combinations.
1) to reflect the structure and target markets …
2) elements are grouped together …
3) to depend on their size and needs …
4) to have separate divisions according to …
5) to be made in order to satisfy …
6) training is vitally important in order to …
7) to carry out certain objectives …
8) by the need to reduce costs …
9) the trends that currently influence …
10) can be seen in giving employees more freedom to innovate …
11) to be split up into several business units …
12) the overall result …
13) to challenge and work towards the company’s objectives …
14) a huge bureaucratic infrastructure …
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6. Scan the text, make up sentences with the italicized expressions and
discuss these questions.
How many different ways of organizing or structuring a company can
you think of?
If you work for a company or organization, how would you describe the
company structure?
DOING THE BUSINESS: HOW EFFICIENT
MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES ARE VITAL FOR SUCCESS33
The need for a solid structure within all business entities is
“absolutely fundamental”, according to Ms. Angela Tripoli, a lecturer in
Business Administration at University College Dublin. “Organizational
structure concerns who reports to whom in the company and how different
elements are grouped together. A new company cannot go forward without
this and established companies must ensure their structure reflects their
target markets, goals and available technology”. Depending on their size and
needs there are several organizational structures companies can choose from.
Increasingly though, in the constantly evolving business environment, “many
firms are opting for a kind of hybrid of all of them”. The most recognizable
set up is called the functional structure where a fairly traditional chain of
command (incorporating senior management, middle management and junior
management) is put in place. The main benefit of this system is clear lines of
communication from top to bottom but it is generally accepted that it can also
be a bureaucratic set up which does not favour speedy decision-making.
More and more companies are organizing themselves along product
lines where companies have separate divisions according to the product that
is being worked on. The importance for multinational companies of a good
geographic structure, said Ms. Tripoli, could be seen when one electrical
products manufacturer produced an innovative rice cooker, which made
perfect rice - according to western standards. When they tried to sell it on
the Asian market the product flopped because there were no country
managers informing them of the changes that would need to be made in
order to satisfy this more demanding market.
33
Deller Sheelagh, Jones Rodri. Vista. Advanced English Learning. Heinemann Publishers (Oxford)
Ltd., 1992.
80
The matrix structure first evolved during a project developed by NASA
when they needed to pool together different skills from a variety of functional
areas. Essentially the matrix structure organizes a business into project teams, led
by project leaders, to carry out certain objectives. Training is vitally important
here in order to avoid conflict between the various members of the teams.
During the 1980s a wave of restructuring went through industry
around the globe. This process, known as delay ring, saw a change in the
traditional hierarchical structures with layers of middle management being
removed. This development was, driven by new technology and by the need
to reduce costs. The overall result was organizations that were less
bureaucratic. The delay ring process has run its course now. Among the
trends that currently influence how a company organizes itself is the move
towards centralization and outsourcing. Restructuring has evolved along
with a more “customer centric” approach that can be seen to good effect in
the banks. They now categorize their customers and their complex
borrowing needs into groups instead of along rigid product lines.
Another development can be seen in larger companies, which are
giving their employees more freedom to innovate in order to maintain a
competitive edge. Ms. Julia Director of MacLauchlan, Microsoft’s European
Product Development Centre in Dublin, said the leading software company
had a very flat organizational structure. “There would not be more than
around seven levels between the average software tester and Bill Gates,” she
said. Microsoft is a good example of a company that is structured along
product lines. In Ireland, where 1,000 employees work on localization of the
software for all Microsoft’s markets, the company is split up into seven
business units. Each unit controls the localization of their specific products
while working closely with the designers in Microsoft’s Seattle Headquarters.
It works, said Ms. MacLauchlan, because everyone who works in the unit is
“incredibly empowered”. “Without a huge bureaucratic infrastructure people
can react a lot more quickly to any challenges and work towards the
company’s objectives”.
7. Answer the following questions.
1) Name four main kinds of organizational structure.
2) Is one kind of organizational structure more common than the others?
3) When did “delay ring” take place?
4) What were the reasons for delay ring and what were the results?
5) How does Julia MacLauchlan describe Microsoft’s organizational structure?
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