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Файл:English for Special Purposes. Language of Chemistry. Tutorial
.pdf
41
2) Monika didn’t hear anything for six weeks, so she phoned the
1) Erica is the assistant manager of
a bank and she works from 8.30
to 5.30 every day.
2) Tracy works on the production
line of a factory, which makes
cars. She uses a machine to
spray paint onto the finished car
parts.
3) Jane works for herself. She is a
photographer. She works every
day for about eight or nine
hours.
4) Jeanette is a cleaner for a
company in Birmingham, but
she only works there for about
three or four hours a day.
5) Claire has a powerful job in the
personnel office of a large
multinational company.
6) She is responsible for
employing new people and
getting rid of those that the
company doesn’t want to
employ anymore.
7) Marie works in the finance
department of an international
college in Oxford.
1) She is a semi-skilled blue-
collar worker in a manufacturing industry.
2) She is self-employed and
works full-time.
3) She likes to describe herself as
freelance.
4) She is responsible for hiring
and firing.
5) She calculates the wages,
salaries, pension contributions
and medical insurance
contributions of all the staff.
6) She is a full-time white-collar
worker in a service industry.
7) She is an unskilled part-time
employee.
company. They told her that they had received a lot of requests for the job.
After looking at the life stories of the people asking for the job and looking
at what exams they had passed during their education, the company had
chosen six people to interview, done tests on their personality and
intelligence and they had then given someone the job.
7. Match sentences 1-6 in the first box with one of the sentences A-F
in the second. Use the words in italics to help you.
42
8. Check if you remember the following word combinations. Divide them into
Professions
Job responsibility
two columns (1) Professions; (2) Job responsibilities. Make up sentences
describing your future profession and necessary qualities for it.
A branch of science, the subject of chemistry, to master all aspects, a vast
field of chemistry, to determine the identity, purity of chemicals and materials,
the presence of previously unknown compounds, the application of, submission of
a traditional resume, a systematic development, a willingness to accept
responsibility, and a commitment to finish a project, a new breadth of study, a
sub discipline of chemistry, too vast to be discussed, to get the relevant data,
strong knowledge of chemistry, have a thorough knowledge, numerous
independent trends, new concepts at initial and minor levels, work independently,
critical members of scientific teams, on a permanent basis, assisting engineers
with running experiments, self-directed work teams, have a variety of
responsibilities, professional development, to obtain higher degrees, the main
criteria for advancement, keep job opportunities, funding cutbacks, a desire to
learn new skills, into consideration, both challenging and rewarding, require a
certain amount of income per month, fulfill the requirements, large gaps in
employment, multiple jobs within a short amount of time, to list all the skills,
relevant information, the prospective employer's workplace, future goals and
plans, annual report, lint and wrinkle free, an empty suggestion, to invest some
feeling into the handshake and pleasantries, the thank-you letter, the designated
call back date, the way someone measures you against someone else.
9. Find in the text A English equivalents to the given Russian word
combinations.
Химические составы, беспрецедентный рост, естествознание,
перспектива карьерного роста, работа исследователя варьируется,
проанализировать вопрос, неограниченные способы, возможность
карьерного роста, химические процессы, понимание проблем охраны
окружающей среды, строгие научные методы и стандарты, развитие
новых химических продуктов и материалов, не начинается и
заканчивается в лаборатории, зарождающаяся отрасль, изменяться и
реагировать в определенных ситуациях, исследования в лабораториях,
примеры разнообразного исследования, на открытом воздухе.
43
10. Translate text 1 into Russian and study about the nedded education
and preparation to become a chemist. Get a quick view of the
requirements, degree programs and job duties to find out if this is the
right career for you.
TEXT 1. EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR A CAREER
IN CHEMISTRY14
By learning about the educational requirements for a chemist you can
better prepare to take that first step into the profession. Chemist usually
need at least a bachelor's degree but many positions encourage and even
require you to continue your studies at the graduate level.
Essential Information. Chemistry is a wide occupational field that
encompasses research and product development. Chemists manipulate
chemicals to produce better products or create new ones. Other careers in
this field include chemical technician and chemistry professor.
Educational Requirements for a Career in Chemistry. According to
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), those entering the field of
chemistry must complete at least some postsecondary education
(www.bls.gov). Some positions in the field require only an associate's
degree, but to work as a chemist, a person needs at least a bachelor's degree;
for advanced work in the field, a master's or doctoral degree is required.
Associate's Degree Programs. A two-year associate's degree
program in chemical technology might include introductory courses in
chemistry, physics and mathematics. These programs usually include some
lab work to give students hands-on experience with chemicals and basic lab
procedures. Students might analyze chemical compounds, learn to use
laboratory instruments and study theories such as electrochemistry.
Graduates might work as chemical technicians or chemist's assistants,
analyzing various substances or performing quality control procedures.
Bachelor's Degree Programs. The B.S. degree provides thorough
preparation for students who wish to pursue advanced degrees in the
chemical sciences, go to professional school, or work as chemists in industry.
A bachelor's degree program in chemistry covers fundamental topics in the
subject and provides instruction on molecular and material science. Aside
from core courses in organic and inorganic chemistry, students might choose
electives ranging from molecular biology to quantum mechanics. Educational
14
http://study.com/articles/Chemist_Educational_Requirements_for_a_Career_in_Chemistry.html
44
requirements also include chemistry lab work, such as spectroscopy and
instrumental methods. Research projects are usually part of a program and
might involve working with electrochemical reactions, polymers and
advanced organic chemistry.
Advanced Degree Programs. Careers involving advanced research,
teaching and specialization in a field usually require completing a master's
or doctoral program in chemistry. Typically, students at this level must
complete an independent study and research project on a chemistry-related
topic, like organometallic chemistry. Students also might be required to
complete a thesis or dissertation, which might need to be defended in the
form of an oral exam in front of a panel of professors.
Employment Outlook and Salary Info. According to the BLS, chemist
positions were projected to increase by three percent from 2014-2024, which
was slower than average. The BLS also reported that those with advanced
degrees like a Ph.D. should have the best job opportunities. Chemists made a
mean yearly salary of $77,860 as of May 2015, according to the BLS. Chemists
need extensive school due to the nature of their work. The educational
requirements are just one thing you must consider when deciding whether or
not that is profession is right for you. You should also consider salary
information, work environment and the nature of the work itself.
11. Read the essay15 and complete the gaps with the expressions from
Exercise 6 and Exercise 7. (You might need to change the form of some
of the words).
In answering this question, I would like to look first at the elements
that combine to make a job undesirable. By avoiding such factors, potential
1) __________ are more likely to find a job that is more worthwhile, and by
doing so, hope to achieve happiness in their work.
First of all, it doesn’t matter if you are an 2) ____________ worker
cleaning the floor, a 3) _______________ 4) _______________ worker on
a production line in one of the 5) _______________ or a 6) ____________
worker in a bank, shop or one of the other. 7) ____________: if you lack 8)
_____________, with the knowledge that you might lose your job at any
time, you will never feel happy.
Everybody would like a 9) ____________ in which he or she is
guaranteed work. Nowadays, however, companies have a high turnover of
15
http://onlineieltshelp.blogspot.ru/2010/06/word-exercisesday-22.html.
45
staff, 10) ____________ new staff and 11) ____________ others on a
weekly basis. Such companies are not popular with their workers.
The same can be said of a job in which you are put under a lot of 12)
___________ and worry, a job which is so 13) ____________ that it takes
over your life, a job where you work 14) ____________ and so never get to
see your family or friends, or a physical job in which you do the same thing
every day and end up with the industrial disease that is always in the papers
nowadays – 15) _______________ .
With all these negative factors, it would be difficult to believe that
there are any elements that make a job worthwhile. Money is, of course, the
prime motivator, and everybody wants a good 16) ____________. But of
course that is not all. The chance of 17) ____________, of being given a
better position in a company, is a motivating factor.
Likewise, 18) ___________ such as a free lunch or a company car,
an 19) ____________scheme to make you work hard such as a regular 20)
___________ above the rate of inflation, 21) ___________ in case you fall
ill and a company 22) _____________ scheme so that you have some
money when you retire all combine to make a job worthwhile.
Unfortunately, it is not always easy to find all of these. There is,
however, an alternative. Forget the office and the factory floor and become 23)
___________ and work for yourself. Your future may not be secure, but at least
you will be happy.
12. It’s still true to say that chemistry graduates can go on to pursue a wide
range of career paths. For some common answers to the question
“what can you do with a chemistry degree?” as well as some new and
emerging career paths you may not yet even have considered. After
reading the short introduction, prepare the analysis in career
opportunities for Chemists.
TEXT 2. CAREER OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHEMISTS:
WHAT CAN YOU DO16
The education of a chemical technician does not stop when entering the
chemical industry. Continuing one’s professional development is important
because of the additional responsibilities technicians have today.
16
http://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/careers-advice/what-can-you-do-chemistry-degree.
46
As a result of the hands-on knowledge they have accumulated, many
technicians decide to continue their formal education to obtain higher degrees
and do so with support from their employers.
Some companies have well-defined career ladders for technicians, but
dedication and hard work are generally the main criteria for advancement.
Other abilities such as adaptability, organizational skills, personal motivation,
customer focus, and teamwork are also considered when looking at
advancement potential. Skills are often transferable, and technicians today are
more able to move between companies than they have been in the past.
Career opportunities within science and technology are seeing
unprecedented growth across the world, and so those who study chemistry
or another natural science at university are seeing their career prospects
develop right before their eyes. Chemistry involves the study of all things
chemical – chemical processes, chemical compositions and chemical
manipulation – in order to better understand the way in which materials are
structured, how they change and how they react in certain situations.
Having gained chemical understanding at molecular level, chemistry
graduates may choose to apply this knowledge in almost unlimited ways, as
it can be used to analyze all matter and therefore our entire environment.
While the job of a research scientist varies, most chemistry careers in
research are based in laboratories, where research is conducted by teams
following rigorous scientific methods and standards that you’ll already be
acquainted with, having completed a chemistry degree.
Some examples of the diverse research done by chemistry experts
include discovery of new medicines and vaccines, forensic analysis for
criminal cases, improving understanding of environmental issues, and
development of new chemical products and materials (e.g. cosmetics, paints,
plastics, food and drink). But chemistry careers don’t begin and end in the
lab; there are also many career paths for those who want to work elsewhere,
such as within new and emerging industry areas or even just outdoors.
Technicians now hold positions with responsibilities that in the past were
only assigned to Ph.D.s and engineers. The field is changing and expanding,
and the demand for qualified technical workers will keep job opportunities
growing. Particularly strong areas of growth are the medical, biotechnology,
and environmental management and testing industries. Government
laboratories will be tougher places to find jobs because of funding cutbacks and
incentive programs for retaining the present work force. Technicians are people
on the go who often monitor experiments and procedures in more than one
laboratory; therefore, they must have good time management skills and be able
47
to manage multiple projects simultaneously. They have high mechanical
aptitude, are creative, and have good observation skills. Described as problem
solvers and self-starters, technicians are independent thinkers who possess
strong analytics skills, are detail oriented, and are able to work with their hands.
Other important qualities include a desire to learn new skills, a willingness to
accept responsibility, and a commitment to finish a project.
13. Read the following personal letter17. Complete the formal letter, which
follows, using no more than one or two words in each space. Do not
repeat any words from the personal letter.
Dear Sarah,
What a ghastly trip I had!
I have to write to the travel operators and tell them off. You’d think
they could get the facts straight in their recent booklet. But no. The hotel
rooms were supposed to be three-star, and I was supposed to get all my
meals. At least, that’s what they promised, but I even had to pay extra for
dinner, and the Mediterranean was nowhere in sight. What a dump that
hotel was, providing nothing, not even a swimming pool. I told their man
on the spot but he just said that everything in the brochure was kosher and
correct, and it was my entire fault for not checking. But I did! No doubt
about it. I want all my money back. Slim chance, though. Oh, misery!
LETTER OF COMPLAINT
Dear Sir,
I write to (1) ..................... about the package tour to Marbella booked
through your company on the 15th July for the period 10-16 September. The
holiday is advertised on page 34 of your (2) ..................... brochure.
The (3) ..................... given in the brochure completely misrepresented
the reality. According to your brochure, (4) ..................... should have been
three-star, with (5) ..................... , and double room with (6) ..................... .
However, the hotel I stayed in had no stars at all. It was an ordinary pension.
The room itself was cramped, even though it contained only one single bed. It
faced away from the sea on to a noisy and crowded main street. A (7)
..................... had to be paid for an evening meal.
17
Advanced English Practice Test 01 Paper 3 English in Use. English Teaching Systems
48
To make matters worse, the hotel had no (8) ..................... : no
swimming pool or private beach, both of which were promised by your
misleading brochure.
On top of everything else, when I took the matter up with your (9)
..................... , Mr Greg Morton, he did nothing at all. He said I should have
(10) ..................... the details of the brochure when I booked. In fact, I did so,
as far as I was able, by asking my travel agent for confirmation. He assured
me I could rely on the (11) ..................... of your brochure. He was wrong. I
write to you in the expectation of a (12) ..................... of the £650.00 I paid.
Yours faithfully.
14. The questions ask about aspects of culture. In the small groups, use
your answers to discuss either Option A or Option B.
Option A: Reflect on how you would use your understanding of your
culture and that of the local community to establish a relationship with
people in the local community.
Option B: Reflect on how you would use your understanding of your
culture and that of the local community to design an intervention intended
to benefit people in the local community.
– What is your self-identity?
– Who resides in the community served by the organization?
– What historical events have shaped your life experiences?
– What have your life experiences been like?
– What is valued?
– Valued differences from others?
– What gives you a sense of belonging?
– Valued relationships between people, genders, generations?
– Valued religious beliefs?
– What language is used?
– What are important customs?
– Valued emotions?
– Important beliefs for solving problems?
– Valued institutions?
– Important features of family?
– Valued features of marriage?
– Most valued form of social organization?
49
– Value of formal education?
– Most valued community unit?
– Attitudes about others or outsiders helping to solve problems?
– Attitudes about solving problems myself?
– Most valued help-giving person?
– Economic conditions?
15. Read the following information about writing letters of application.
TEXT 3: WRITING APPLICATION LETTER: STRUCTURE18
A letter of application should create enough interest to make the
potential employer want to look at your application in greater detail by
reading your CV and hopefully invite you for an interview. Your
application letter, however, should not contain too much detail about your
experience and qualifications because that is the job of the CV.
Layout and style. The letter should be limited to one page and a few
paragraphs will normally be sufficient. It is better to address a letter to a
specific person, e.g. Dear Miss Chan, rather than to Dear Sir or Madam.
However, in some job advertisements the name of the person you are writing
to is not given. It is good practice to try to find out the following information
before you write your letter: the full name of the person you are writing; their
title - Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms, Dr, Professor, etc, and; their position - Personnel
Manager, Human Resources Manager, etc.
All this information can be obtained by a quick phone call to the
company. Remember, never write “Dear Miss W. Chu”. It should be “Dear
Miss Chan”. Do not use the initial except in the address. If you start with
“Dear Sir/Madam”, it is accepted practice to finish with “Yours faithfully”.
Whereas, if you start with “Dear Miss Chan”, you may finish with “Yours
sincerely”. Your letter should be neat and free from careless mistakes. You
can follow the blocked and open punctuation style. Whichever layout style
you choose to use, you should use it consistently throughout the letter.
Paragraph 1. It should state clearly why you are writing and where
you saw the job advertised.
– I would like to apply for the post of ... as advertised in today’s issue of…
– With reference to your advertisement in ... on ..., I am writing to apply
for the position of ...
18
Deller Sheelagh, Jones Rodri. Vista. Advanced English Learning. Heinemann Publishers (Oxford) Ltd., 1992.
50
Paragraph 2. It should give a little information about your
qualifications and experience. Make sure the information you give is
relevant to the job that you are applying for.
– As you can see from my enclosed CV, I have worked in my present position
for five years. During this time I have gained invaluable experience in ...
– I am currently a student at KNRTU studying ........ I am due to graduate
in....... Although I have been studying full time, I have had a number of
summer jobs, which have helped me to gain experience in ...
– My experience over the past two years has been at the managerial
level, where I have had responsibility for ...
Paragraph 3. It should say why you believe you are suited to the job
and what you can offer the company. Those currently employed can state
the reason for wishing to change their present job. However, you should not
sound critical of your present employer.
– I am currently working as a receptionist in ...The reason for my seeking a
new position is that I wish to pursue a secretarial career. Unfortunately,
there are no openings for advancement in my present employment.
– For the last two years I have been working as a receptionist in
...Unfortunately the company is moving its main offices overseas and I have
therefore decided to look for a new position. I believe that the experience I
have gained in ... has given me the qualities you are looking for ...
– I believe I would be an asset to your company. I will be able to bring with
me my experience of ... which I believe would be useful in this position...
– I feel that my ability to ... will help/enable me to ...
Paragraph 4. It should tell the reader when you are available for an
interview and how to contact you.
– I would like to have the opportunity to talk to you further about my
application. I am available for interview at any time and I can be contacted
at/on ...
– I am available for an interview at any time but would appreciate two
days notice. I can be contacted on/at ...
– I look forward to hearing from/meeting you soon.
– As requested in the advertisement, I enclose a copy of my resume
together with a recent photograph.
– I look forward to meeting with you to discuss my application further. I
am available ... and can be contacted on/at ...
Remember you might have to give a bit more detail than in the above
examples. You can also combine the language in these examples.
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