Dissecting the posterior mesorectum rst provides the surgeon with better con­trol over the mesorectum, facilitating subsequent lateral dissection. The right lateral side of the mesorectum was then mobilized, followed by the mobilization of the left side. Conducting posterior dissection all the way down to the pelvic oor and leva­tor ani muscles is crucial for preventing injury to the inferior hypogastric plexus during lateral dissection (Fig.28.11). Once adequate mobilization is achieved bilat­erally, attention shifts to the anterior mesorectum. Anterior dissection commences by incising the anterior peritoneal reection. The anterior dissection plane is exposed, and the dissection proceeds posteriorly to the seminal vesicle or the vagina. Stable traction with the third robotic arm facilitates more convenient and easier anterior dissection. The magnied robotic view enhances the surgeon’s ability to determine the correct surgical plane. This systematic approach ensures precise dis­section and minimizes the risk of complications during the procedure. If the tumor is located anteriorly, the dissection proceeds in front of Denonvilliers’ fascia. Nerve bers from the pelvic plexus traverse underneath the seminal vesicles to reach the bladder. In men, Denonvilliers’ fascia is identied at the level of the seminal vesicle, located behind the seminal vesicles and in front of the rectum. Dissecting anterior to Denonvilliers’ fascia poses a signicant risk of nerve injury (Fig. 28.12). Conversely, if the tumor is posterior, the optimal dissection plane is posterior to Denonvilliers’ fascia, ensuring a safe plane for nerve preservation. For continued dissection, an avascular plane can be created between the mesorectum and the neu­rovascular bundles to prevent injury. Excessive traction of the seminal vesicle to