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10 Navigating Resources forAspiring andExperienced Robotic Surgeons
113
d. American Urological Association (AUA) Robotic Surgery Courses
These include hands-on workshops and courses specically designed for uro­logical surgeons interested in robotic-assisted surgery. [25]
e. Da Vinci Training Passport
A wide-ranging set of training courses focusing on furthering technical knowl­edge as well as skills through hands-on lab work. This program also included a proctoring series where surgeons can get one-on-one coaching from experienced robotic surgeons. [26]
Professional Communities andNetworking
1. Professional organizations
Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES)
i. The society strives on developing and promoting standards, guidelines, and
best practices in robotic surgery through many different methods, including courses, guidelines, and library of robotic surgery content. [27]
Society of Robotic Surgery (SRS)
ii. A global organization dedicated to advancement of robotic surgery with
yearly annual meetings to educate and further develop best practices among robotic surgeons. [28]
European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES)
iii. A global community of surgeons in Europe and beyond that focuses on endo-
scopic and minimally invasive surgery, including robotic surgery with educa­tional programs and conferences. [29]
2. Social Media and Networking
a. LinkedIn Groups
Groups such as “Robotic Surgery Network,” “Surgical Innovation and Robotics,” and many other provide a great platform for networking among vari­ous surgeons. [30]
b. Facebook Groups
Groups such as “Robotic Surgery Discussion Groups,” “Robotic Surgery— Clinical Cases and Discussion,” and others are typically private groups where sur­geons and healthcare professionals share experiences, ask questions, and discuss robotic surgery techniques and technologies. [31]
114
Y. Taghikhan and A. Sarin
c. X (Formerly Known as Twitter)
Ability to interact with robotic surgeons from all over the globe in order to gain insight into the latest robotic advancement. [32]
@roboticsurgery: an example of a Twitter handle that shares news, research updates, and developments in the eld of robotic surgery.
#RoboticSurgery: A popular hashtag where users share articles, research, and discussions related to robotic surgery.
#MinimallyInvasiveSurgery: a broader hashtag that often includes posts about robotic surgery as part of the minimally invasive surgery community.
d. Reddit- r/Surgery
An online community where surgeons discuss many topics, including robotics surgery. A platform for sharing, exchanging ideas, and seeking advice from peers in the eld. [33]

Continuing Education

Many of the previously mentioned societies such as SAGES offer opportunities through meetings, online content, and courses for physicians to earn CMEs. Below are highlights of some lesser-known CME opportunities for aspiring and current robotic surgeons.
Continuing Medical Education Opportunities a. American College of Surgeons (ACS)
Offer CME-accredited robotic surgery courses as well as grand round series on robotics and surgical education. [34]
b. Society of Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgeons (SLS)
A multispecialty society that offers an open forum for surgeons interested in robotics and minimally invasive surgery. They offer education recordings that qual­ify for CME credits in many specialties. [35]
c. Master of Science in Robotic Surgery (Advent Health University)
This program offers a master’s degree within 2years to physicians (attendings, residents, and fellows) in robotic surgery. The program includes both self-study and in-person coursework focusing on a variety of surgical subspecialties such as bariat­rics, thoracic, and urology. [36]
10 Navigating Resources forAspiring andExperienced Robotic Surgeons
115
d. Annual SSF Robotics Course
An annual symposium with target audience of neurological and orthopedic sur­geons covering the latest topics on robotic surgery within each respective eld. [37]
e. Mayo Clinic Advanced Surgical Technologies and Robotics
An annual symposium that focuses on the latest updates on robotic and other technological healthcare advances through expert presentations and panel discus­sions. [38]

Conclusion

As the eld of robotic surgery continues to advance, so does the wealth of resources available to surgeons. It is imperative for surgeons to continue to seek out new resources to further their foundational knowledge and enhance their practical skills. Many of these resources were covered in this chapter from books and journals to social media and networking opportunities. Each resource helps novice and experi­enced surgeons enhance their expertise to stay at the forefront of robotic surgery eld and improve patient outcomes while advancing in their careers.

References

1. Gharagozloo F, Patel VR, Giulianotti PC, Poston R, Gruessner R, Meyer M, editors. Robotic surgery. Cham: Springer; 2021. [Crossref]
2. Novitsky YW. Atlas of robotic general surgery E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2021. [Crossref]
3. Costello T.Principles and practice of robotic surgery – E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences;
2023. [Crossref]
4. Kroh M, Chalikonda S.Springerlink (Online service. Essentials of robotic surgery). Cham: Springer; 2015. [Crossref]
5. Fong Y, Erhunmwunsee L, Pigazzi A, Podolsky D, Portenier DD.Robotic general surgery. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2024. [Crossref]
6. Journal of Robotic Surgery [Internet]. SpringerLink; 2024. [Crossref]
7. Wiley Online Library. Wiley online library | Scientic research articles, journals, books, and reference works [Internet]. Wiley.com. 2019. [Crossref]
8. Sage Journals. SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class research journals [Internet].
Sagepub.com. 2023. [Crossref]
9. Annals of Surgery [Internet]. Lww.com. 2024. [Crossref]
10. Surgical Endoscopy [Internet]. SpringerLink. [Crossref]
11. SAGES Manuals– SAGES [Internet]. SAGES. 2023. [Crossref]
12. WebSurg, the online university of IRCAD [Internet]. websurg.com. [Crossref]
13. SCORE | General Surgery Resident Curriculum Portal [Internet]. Surgicalcore.org. 2019. [Crossref]
116
14. A Post-operative Surgical Insights Platform | C-SATS. C-SATS [Internet]. C-SATS. 2021.
[Crossref]
15. Intuitive.com. 2023. [Crossref] [Crossref]
16. The Global Robotic Assisted Surgery Platform (GRASP) [Internet]. Global Robotic Assisted Surgery Platform. 2024. [Crossref]
17. Behind The Knife: The Premier Surgery Podcast | Surgical Education [Internet]. behindthek-
nife.org. 2024. [Crossref]
18. Journal of Medical Insight | Peer-Reviewed Surgical Videos for Video-Based Surgical Education [Internet]. Journal of Medical Insight. [Crossref]
19. CSurgeries [Internet]. CSurgeries. 2024. [Crossref]
20. GIBLIB [Internet]. Giblib.com. 2024. [Crossref]
21. Medical training simulation in virtual reality | Surgical Science [Internet]. Surg Sci. 2017. [Crossref]
22. SAGES Robotics Residents and Fellows Courses – SAGES [Internet]. SAGES. 2024. [Crossref]
23. Course specialties– IRCAD [Internet]. IRCAD. 2023. [Crossref]
24. Robotics– APDCRS [Internet]. Apdcrs.org. 2023. [Crossref]
25. AUA Annual Meeting [Internet]. Auanet.org. 2024. [Crossref]
26. Da Vinci Training Passport [Internet]. [Crossref]
27. Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) [Internet]. SAGES. 2013. [Crossref]
28. Society of Robotic Surgery | SRS [Internet]. Society of Robotic Surgery | SRS. [Crossref]
29. Robotics subcommittee– EAES [Internet]. EAES. 2024. [Crossref]
30. LinkedIn. LinkedIn [Internet]. LinkedIn. 2024. [Crossref]
31. Facebook [Internet]. Facebook. 2019. [Crossref]
32. x.com [Internet]. X (formerly Twitter). [Crossref]
33. Reddit. reddit [Internet]. reddit. 2019. [Crossref]
34. Robotics and Surgical Education [Internet]. ACS. [Crossref]
35. Education SLS [Internet]. Sls.org. 2024. [Crossref]
36. Online Master of Science in Robotic Surgery [Internet]. AdventHealth University. [Crossref]
37. 9th Annual SSF Robotics Course 2024– Seattle Science Foundation CME – Continuing Education (CE) [Internet]. Cloud- cme.com. 2024. [Crossref]
38. Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development [Internet]. Mayo.edu. 2019. [Crossref]
Y. Taghikhan and A. Sarin
Part III
Masters Program
Overview ofSAGES Masters Program
11
DanielB.Jones, BrianP.Jacob, andLindaSchultz
The SAGES Masters Program organizes educational materials along clinical path­ways into discrete blocks of content that could be accessed by a surgeon attending the SAGES annual meeting or by logging into the online SAGES University (Fig.11.1) [1]. SAGES Masters Program has 12 pathways: Acute Care Surgery, Bariatric, Biliary, Colorectal, Flexible Edoscopy, Foregut, Hernia, Leadership & Professional Development, Liver, Pancreas, Robotics, Solid Organ. Flexible Endoscopy, and Robotic Surgery (Fig.11.2). Each pathway is divided into three levels of targeted performance: Competency, Prociency, and Mastery (Fig.11.3). The levels originate from the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition [2], which has ve stages: novice, advanced beginner, competency, prociency, and expertise. The SAGES Masters Program is based on the three more advanced stages of skill acqui­sition: competency, prociency, and expertise. Competency is dened as what a graduating general surgery chief resident or MIS fellow should be able to achieve; Prociency is what a surgeon approximately 3years out from training should be able to accomplish; and Mastery is what more experienced surgeons should be able to accomplish after seven or more years in practice. Mastery is applicable to SAGES surgeons seeking in-depth knowledge in a pathway, including the following: areas of controversy, outcomes, best practice, and ability to mentor colleagues. Over time, with the utilization of coaching and participation in SAGES courses, this level should be obtainable by the majority of SAGES members. This edition of the
D. B. Jones (*) Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA e-mail: dj477@njms.rutgers.edu
B. P. Jacob Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount, Sinai, NY, USA
L. Schultz Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons, Los Angeles, CA, USA
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025 S. Samreen et al. (eds.), The SAGES Manual of Robotic Surgery,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86927-3_11
119
120
Fig. 11.1 Masters Program logo
Fig. 11.2 Masters Program clinical pathways
D. B. Jones et al.
ACUTE CARE SURGERY
BARIATRIC
BILIARY
COLORECTAL
FLEXIBLE EDOSCOPY
FOREGUT
HERNIA
LEADERSHIP & PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
LIVER
PANCREAS
ROBOTICS
SOLID ORGAN
11 Overview ofSAGES Masters Program
Fig. 11.3 Masters Program progression
Table 11.1 Robotic curriculum
Curriculum elements Competency
Anchoring procedure—Competency 2 CORE LECTURE 1 CORE MCE 70% 1 Annual meeting content 8 Guidelines 1 SA CME hours 6 Sentinel articles 2 Social media 2 Hands-on robotic prociency verication 12
Credits 35
Curriculum elements Prociency
Anchoring procedure—Prociency 2 CORE LECTURE 1 CORE MCE 70% 1 Annual meeting content 5 FUSE 12 Outcomes database enrollment 2 SA CME hours (ASMBS electives, SAGES or SAGES-endorsed) 3 Sentinel articles 2 Social media 2
Credits 30
Curriculum elements Mastery
Anchoring procedure—Mastery 2 CORE LECTURE 1 CORE MCE 70% 1 Annual meeting content 3 Fundamentals of surgical coaching 4 Outcomes database reporting 2 SA CME credits (ASMBS electives, SAGES or SAGES-endorsed) 5 Sentinel articles 2 Serving as video assessment reviewer and providing feedback (FSC) 4 Social media 6
Credits 30
121
SAGES Manual—Robotic Surgery aligns with the current version of the new SAGES University Masters Program Robotic Surgery pathway (Table11.1).
122
D. B. Jones et al.

Robotic Surgery Curriculum

The Robotic Curriculum is a little different from the other SAGES Masters Program pathways. To complete the robotic pathway, a robotic surgeon should complete requirements in the corresponding pathway. For example, for successful comple­tion of the Robotic Competency Curriculum for Hernia, the learner should be able to demonstrate a robotic ventral hernia for competency, a robotic inguinal hernia for prociency, and a robotic complex abdominal wall reconstruction or a recurrent hernia repair to accomplish mastery. This recognizes the importance of under­standing disease and also unique technical expertise of mastering the robot technology.
The key elements of the Robotic Surgery curriculum include core lectures for the pathway, which provides a 45-min general overview, including basic anatomy, physiology, diagnostic workup, and surgical management. As of 2018, all lecture content of the annual SAGES meetings are labeled as follows: basic (100), interme­diate (200), and advanced (300). This allows attendees to choose lectures that best t their educational needs. Coding the content additionally facilitates online retrieval of specic educational material, with varying degrees of surgical complexity, rang­ing from introductory to revisional surgery.
SAGES identified the need to develop targeted, complex content for its mastery- level curriculum. The idea was that these 25-min lectures would be focused on specific topics. It assumes that the attendee already has a good understanding of diseases and management from attending/watching compe­tency and proficiency- level lectures. Ideally, in order to supplement a chosen topic, the mastery lectures would also identify key prerequisite articles from Surgical Endoscopy and other journals, in addition to SAGES University vid­eos. Many of these lectures will be forthcoming at future SAGES annual meetings.
The Masters Program has a self-assessment, multiple-choice exam for each mod­ule to guide learner progression throughout the curriculum. Questions are submitted by core lecture speakers and SAGES annual meeting faculty. The goal of the ques­tions is to use assessment for learning, with the assessment being criterion refer­enced with the percent correct set at 80%. Learners will be able to review incorrect answers, review educational content, and retake the examination until a passing score is obtained.
The Masters Program Robotic Surgery curriculum taps much of the of SAGES existing educational products including FLS, FES, FUSE, SMART, Top 21 videos, and Pearls (Fig.11.4). The Curriculum Task Force has placed the aforementioned modules along a continuum of the curriculum pathway. For example, FLS, in general, occurs during the Competency Curriculum, whereas the Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy (FUSE) is usually required during the Prociency Curriculum. The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) is a multiple-choice exam and a skills assessment conducted on a video box trainer. Tasks include peg transfer, cutting, intracorporeal and extracorporeal suturing, and knot tying. Since 2010, FLS has been required of all US general surgery
11 Overview ofSAGES Masters Program
123
Fig. 11.4 SAGES educational content: FLS, FUSE, FES, SMART, Top 21 videos
residents seeking to sit for the American Board of Surgery qualifying examina­tions. The Fundamentals of Endoscopic Surgery (FES) assesses endoscopic knowledge and technical skills in a simulator. FUSE teaches about the safe use of energy devices in the operating room and is available at FUSE.didactic.org. After learners complete the self-paced modules, they may take the certifying examination.
The SAGES Surgical Multimodal Accelerated Recovery Trajectory (SMART) Initiative combines minimally invasive surgical techniques with enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) for perioperative care, with the goal of improving outcomes and