Практикум по развитию кросскультурного взаимодействия студентов транспортного факультета. Учебное пособие

9 Lesson 9 The Orenburg region is a bridge between Europe and

Asia

Exercise 9.1 Read the following words. Mind their meaning

1)cargo transport – грузовой транспорт

2)motor roads with hard cover – автодороги с твердым покрытием

3)the average value – средний показатель

4)route – маршрут

5)density - плотность

6)artificial take – off and landing strips – искусственные взлетно-посадочные

полосы

7)consumer – потребитель

8)lubricant – смазка

9)pipeline – трубопровод

10)fuel – топливо

Exercise 9.2 Read the following verbs. Mind their principal forms and

meaning

1)to interest (-ed, -ed) - пересекать

2)to provide (-ed, -ed) - обеспечивать

3)to deliver (-ed, -ed) – доставлять, поставлять

4)to exceed (-ed, -ed) - превышать

5)to comprise (-ed, -ed) - включать в себя

6)to serve (-ed, -ed) - обслуживать

7)to carry (-ed, -ed) - перевозить

8)to consume (-ed, -ed) - потреблять

9)to get (got, got) - получать.

51

Exercise 9.3 Underline suffixes and prefixes in derived words and translate

them into Russian. Consult a dictionary

1)dense – густой, плотный; density, densely

2)to serve – служить; servant, service, serviceable, serviceman

3)car – автомобиль; carriage, carry, carrier, cart

4)pass – проход; passable, passage, passenger, passerby, passing, passport, password, impassible, impass

5)art – искусство; artful, artificial, artist, artistic, artless, artistry, arty

6)to provide – снабжать; providence, provident, provision, improvident, improvidence

7)purpose – цель; purposeful, purposeless, purposely.

Exercise 9.4 Compare the words. Pay attention to the adverbs used after the

verbs. Translate the verbs. Consult a dictionary

To pass – проходить, проезжать – to pass by, to pass on, to pass out, to pass over, to pass up.

To carry – нести, возить; to carry on, to carry out, to carry off.

Exercise 9.5 Find synonyms to the words

Truck, to include, to make, to get, aim, various, to produce, to make up to, to comprise, to manufacture, purpose, to receive, different, truck, to perform, to carry out, lorry, goods, cargo, load.

52

Exercise 9.6 Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the multi-functional

words “that”, “as”, “for”, “since”

1.This is a new model of the car and that is an old one.

2.Those instruments are very precise.

3.The new engine that is being tested now was produced at our plant.

4.I believe you but there are those who would not.

5.My seat was next to that of John`s mother.

6.Like blood vessels that go to all parts of the body the steel pipelines go through our region.

7.As winter approached the days became shorter.

8.As I haven`t read the book I cannot tell you anything about it.

9.I`ll do it as you told me.

10.A thermometer is used for measuring temperature.

11.He was rewarded for his bravery.

12.It is necessary for them to be there at 5 o`clock.

13.He didn`t work any longer for he was an old and received a pension.

14.Since you are ill I`ll do the work for you.

15.I haven`t seen him since he returned to Moscow.

Exercise 9.7 Translate the pairs of words. Make up your own sentences,

using them

1)a truck – to truck

2)a value – to value

3)a cover – to cover

4)a house – to house

5)a change – to change

6)a light – to light

7)a take-off – to take off.

53

Exercise 9.8 Read and translate the text “The Orenburg region is a bridge

between Europe and Asia”

The Orenburg region is situated at the cross-roads of the most important ways that connect the European regions of the country with Kazakhstan and Central Asia. It is intersected by the ways connecting the South and the west parts of Kazakhstan with the Urals and the Middle Volga area and here are the ways connecting the Siberian and Eastern parts of our country with its European regions.

The numerous lines of transportation intersecting our region provide reliable economic connections with the other areas of the country.

Like blood vessels that go to all parts of the body the steel pipelines go through the territory of our region delivering fuel and primary materials to industrial centres both in our region and in other areas. The total length of the pipelines with-in our region exceeds 6600 km, including 1937 km of oil lines. 2700 km of gas lines and 2000 km of product lines.

There are some 1000 communications and post offices. Transportation system of the Orenburg region comprises almost all kinds of modern cargo and passanger transport.

Automobile transport

There are 10,2 thousand km of motor roads with hard cover for general purpose within the region's territory. The motor-road net makes up to 80 km per a thousand km2 which more than 3,5 times exceeds the average value for Russia. The passanger transport serves 38 inter-regional and inter-republic routes. There are 261 routes connecting the cities of the region. It also serves over 450 city and district routes. Every day it carries over 1.2 million people. The trucks transport 249,3 million tons of various cargoes daily.

Railway transport

The length of the railways within the region is 1774 km. Density of the railway net is 14,3 km per a thousand square kilometres, which 2.8 times exceeds this value for

54

Russia. The daily carryover of the railways is over 30 thousand people and about 40 million tons of cargoes.

Air transport

The region has one airport serving flights to other republics and 21 local airports. 3 airports have artificial take-off and landing strips with hard cover. The air transport of the region serves 105 routes. Every day it carries over 1.8 thousand passangers and 7,6 thousand tons of cargoes. The airport of Orenburg receives many kinds of planes including TU-154.

Pipeline transport

There are major consumers of oil and oil products on the territory of the region. They are an oil distillery in Orsk and an enterprise producing lubricants and other oil products in Orenburg. The Orsk oil distillery gets oil from the West Khasakhstan by the pipeline Guriev-Orsk. Gas from Orenburg has been transported to many countries of Europe by the pipeline "Soyuz" 2720 km long.

Exercise 9.9 Answer the questions

1.Why is the Orenburg region called a bridge between Europe and Asia?

2.Why can the steel pipelines of the region be compared to blood vessels of a human being?

3.How long are those steel pipelines in the region?

4.What means of transport does the Orenburg region system include?

5.Are there motor roads with hard cover in the region? How long are they?

6.How many routes does the passenger car transport serve?

Exercise 9.10 Think of some questions to the following answers

55

10 Lesson 10 Role play “Transport for tomorrow”

I Problem

Like most big cities Orenburg has a serious traffic problem on its hands: people`s journey to work are long, tiring and uncomfortable; there are traffic jams at the rush hours and continuous congestion in the town almost throughout the day; and there is much noise and air pollution.

The town administration has decided to study the problem in order to make a comprehensive long-term plan which will make the town a better place to live in.

They have commissioned a number of experts to study the problem from all angles: scientists and engineers who will forecast possible developments in the motor industry and propose radical new solutions for public transport; traffic experts who will calculate the traffic flow; town planners and architects who will design shopping centers and residential areas adapted to the transport system. In addition they have taken the original step of conducting a survey to find out what Orenburg residents think on the problem.

The questions to be answered are:

1.What is most important for you – comforts? Low cost? Speed? Frequency?

2.Do you prefer to live near the town center or in the houses spread out into the suburbs?

3.Are you ready to pay higher rates for the improvements?

Orenburg TV Channel has asked experts to come and talk on the prospect of

“Tomorrow`s Transport in the town”. A town planner, a representative of the car industry, a manager of the autoplant, an ecologist have been asked to give their views on the problem. The programme has a telephone link with listeners who can telephone in to ask questions or express their options.

II Words and word combinations.

1)traffic jam/congestion – скопление транспорта, затор, пробка

2)commission – уполномочить, поручить

3)rush hours – часы пик

57

4)residential areas – жилые кварталы

5)from all angles – со всех точек зрения

III Analyse the case:

Questions:

1.Why is the traffic problem at the center of attention of the town administrate

bodies?

2.From what angles is the problem examined?

3.Is it the right policy to conduct opinion polls? Why?

4.Are TV debates helpful in resolving social problems?

IV Roles:

1. The host of the programme.

You introduce a regular weekly programme on topical questions. Your job is to keep the discussion to the point, make sure everybody has an opportunity to express his opinion and to gain the listener`s interest by provoking disagreement and argument.

2. A town planner.

You are in charge of the town`s planning department. You have original ideas which you would like to put into practice. You have designed an underground car park in the center which would leave it completely free for pedestrians. You also have in mind a futuristic complex of shops and flats. When you hear from people that it will cost too much, you get impatient.

3. A representative of the Car Industry.

The arguments you put forward are somewhat defensive – the car industry provides considerable employment and wealth for the town. The autoplants have made some progress in reducing noise and pollution.

4. An ecologist.

You are more specific about air pollution or rather about transport and environmental pollution. You are sure that every car consumes many tons air, it is exhaust gases contain poisonous carbon dioxide, which makes difficult the emission of the Earth`s heat into space. You are anxious that millions of new cars take to the road of our town each year. You put forward an idea of using an electric cars, cars, running

58

on biomass fuel, you also speak in favor of a car using hydrogen as fuel, because it doesn`t pollute the atmosphere.

5. A sociologist from some western country. You have studied the problems of life in big cities. You think that in future people will move away from towns. In your opinion big cities produce aggression and nervous tension.

V Useful language.

1.To-day`s talking point is…

2.To-day we are going to talk about…

3.Who`d like to begin…

4.Would you like to give us your opinion (point of view, comments.

5.That`s interesting but I think Mr. ______ may have a different point of view.

6.There seem to be some contradictions between your points of view.

7.The essential problem, in my view, is…

8.I`m convinced that …

9.I meant …

10.Let`s be realistic about this …

11.Let`s face the facts…

12.That`s an interesting point of view but I`m not sure if …

13.There is only one way of dealing with the problem.

14.Our research has shown that …

15.Of course from a commercial point of view you would say that …

16.If you had concern for the people …

VI Further subjects for discussion.

1.What do you think are likely to be the means of transport of tomorrow?

2.Would you consider if better to invest in road or rail transport.

3.What effects do air pollution, noise and traffic jams have on people. Look at some of the ways of reducing the bad effects.

4.What are the main causes of road accidents?

5.What should be done to reduce the number of accidents on the roads?

59

Texts for additional reading

1.Driving noise reduced via vector procedure.

2.The future of off-highway vehicles design.

3.Roads to change.

4.How good drivers get killed.

5.Road safety: a global issue.

6.Moscow Grid lock the Cost of Autoritarianism.

7.The American traffic signal.

Text. Driving noise reduced via vector procedure

Certain automobiles, particularly smaller four-cylinder ones, sometimes tend to generate "booming" noise during operation at higher speeds. This engine-related noise is caused by exciting forces, such as the second harmonic of engine inertial force, which are transmitted from the engine to the body structure via the engine mounts.

Such undesirable booming noise can be significantly reduced by adding auxiliary vibrating systems which make use of displacement forces to oppose and partially cancel those imparted by the engine. This can be done by adding systems which contain small masses and springs to conventional engine mounting systems.

During recent research, Nissan engineers were concerned with using a new concept for reducing booming noise via the "vector method". Booming noise can be reduced by adding a vector which cancels exciting forces transmitted from engine to body structure. This new vector is provided by using either a mass-controlled region of a vibrating system having a single degree of freedom, or an intermediate region between two resonant frequencies of a vibrating system having two degrees of freedom. Only the engine mounting system needs to be modified to achieve these noise reduction benefits.

Noise estimation. In this method booming noise is generally obtained by adding the sound pressure vector caused by-an exciting force to that of airborne noise emitted from a sound source. The sound pressure vector caused by the exciting force is usually

60