Практикум по развитию кросскультурного взаимодействия студентов транспортного факультета. Учебное пособие

Exercise 5.12 Find through the internet or from some technical literature the information about using methanol instead of gasoline in our country or abroad. Speak about it

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6 Lesson 6 Simulation of car crash events in laboratories

Exercise 6.1 Read the following words. Mind their meaning

1)concrete - бетон

2)seat belts – ремни безопасности

3)windshield – ветровое стекло

4)injury – вред, ущерб, рана

5)front end strength – прочность передней части (машины)

6)passenger - пассажир

7)gingerly - осторожно

8)wrecked - разрушительный

9)occupant – обитатель, пассажир

10)dummy – макет, манекен

11)approximate - приблизительный

12)impact – удар

13)displacement - смещение

14)in charge of – ответственный (за)

15)steering wheel – рулевое колесо (руль)

16)strain gauge – датчик нагрузки

17)load cell – элемент нагрузки

18)halfway – на полпути

19)two-way hand radio - радиотелефон

20)spectacular – эффектный, театральный

21)wasteful - расточительный

22)small scale testing – маломасштабное испытание.

Exercise 6.2 Read the following verbs. Mind their meaning

1)to meet (met, met) – сталкиваться, встречаться

2)to restrain (-ed, -ed) – удерживать, пристегивать

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3)to launch (-ed, -ed) – бросать, запускать

4)to reduce (-ed, -ed) – уменьшать, снимать

5)to ram (rammed, rammed) - таранить

6)to throw (threw, thrown) - бросать

7)to happen (-ed, -ed) – случаться, происходить

8)to learn (learnt, learnt) - узнать

9)to resemble (-ed, -ed) – быть похожим, напоминать

10)to shoot (shot, shot) - фотографироваться

11)to measure (-ed, -ed) - измерять

12)to improve (-ed, -ed) – усовершенствовать, улучшать

13)to suffer (-ed, -ed) - страдать

14)to observe (-ed, -ed) – наблюдать.

Exercise 6.3 Form different words with negative prefixes

Exercise 6.4 Compare the pairs of verbs. Pay attention to the adverbs used after the verbs. Translate them. Consult a dictionary

To carry – to carry on, to carry out, to carry off

To shoot – to shoot out, shoot up, shoot down

To lead – to lead off, to lead on, to lead up

To see – to see off, to see about, to see out, to see through

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To cut – to cut back, to cut down, to cut in, to cut out, to cut up

To make – to make away, to make for, to make off, to make out, to make over, to make up

To look – to look around, to look at, to look forward, to look through, to look over, to look out.

Exercise 6.5 Find (a) synonyms and (b) antonyms to the words

(a)to ride, to reduce, to test, accident, wrecked, via, short, to decrease, to check, end, to travel, destroyed, to mount, crash, to place, velocity, movement, to shoot, unit, to photograph, speed, motion, assembly, by means of brief, finish.

(b)restrained, inside, top, acceleration, powerful, to begin, wasteful, low, bottom, unrestrained, outside, to end, deceleration, powerless.

Exercise 6.6 Translate some sentences. Compare the predicates in active

and passive voice

1.My friend and his family were launched into the windshield and killed

instantly.

2.Our country launched glonas-system last year.

3.To study how people were being injured and killed scientific crash methods were designed to represent the actual events during real accidents.

4.Are you interested in the job you have been offered.

5.I am a afraid the car cannot be repaired.

6.His friend is well spoken about.

7.The students were told to wait outside.

8.It will be so dark there that you won`t be seen.

9.Is anything being done to restore your car?

10.They say he hasn`t been seen for 3 months.

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Exercise 6.7 Change the sentences from active into passive, use the

underlined words as subjects of passive constructions

1.I mentioned the fact to my friend.

2.A guide pointed out the pyramids to us.

3.They discovered him at home two hours later.

4.Somebody reported the accident to the police.

5.Everyone noticed his absence.

6.Everyone knows these facts well.

7.His colleagues don`t carry out his instructions.

8.The management reported about the loss of documents.

9.We couldn`t point out his mistakes to him.

10.He wanted to see if somebody was observing him.

11.While I was fixing my car I made a telephone call to my office.

Exercise 6.8 Read and translate the text

“Simulation of car crash events in laboratories”

Number 32, his wife, and their four-year-old son sat in stony silence, their heads, chests, and knees wired with sensitive electronic instruments, as they .began their 30 mph, 600-foot ride toward a 200-ton concrete barrier. Seconds later their 1975 Mustang met the massive wall in a violent, one-half-second explosion. Unrestrained by seat belts, Number 32 and his family were launched into the windshield and "killed" instantly.

This drama of simulated death is staged almost daily in safety testing laboratories. It's all part of a continuing effort to reduce injuries and save the lives of those of us unfortunate enough to be involved in a real-lifе accident.

The automakers began this campaign to save us from ourselves over 40 years ago. To check a car for front end strength for example, a driver simply rammed it into

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a brick wall. Sand bags were sometimes thrown inside to represent human drivers and passengers.

Engineers at another auto company tested the brand new all-steel tops of the days by driving a car with an army tank on-its roof and leading an elephant gingerly onto a

platform mounted on the car top.

But about 20 years ago safety engineers decided that if they were going to build safer, not just stronger, cars they had to know more about what happened in auto accidents than they could learn from just examining wrecked vehicles or standing elephants on the roof. So, to study how people were being injured and killed, scientific crash methods were designed to represent as closely as possible the actual events

experienced during real accidents.

The movements of human occupants, for example, are simulated by specially developed anthropomorphic dummies whose weights, shapes, and body structures

closely approximate those of the men, women and children they resemble.

In all of these simulated crash events, high speed motion picture cameras shoot 1000 to 3000 pictures every second and other aerospace type instruments attached to the dummies chests, knees and heads measure and record impacts, displacements,

trajectories and decelerations. "We then use this data," says the engineer in charge

of GM's Safety Research and Development Laboratory, to improve instrument panels, windshield glass, steering wheel assemblies and many other interior components so as to reduce the number of injuries that real people suffer, in real accidents.''

Engineers form wires, leading from the accelerometers, load cells and strain gauges attached to the car and dummies, into a foot thick cable which will carry, signals to a million-dollar recording van parked halfway down the tracks. Final connections are made and the chief engineer, via a two-way hand radio, signals "ready" to the technical personnel.

Suddenly hundreds of powerful lights flash on and two tons of automobile and its occupants move toward the wall where their brief ride ends with sounds of metal against concrete.

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"I know this test appears very spectacular, complex, destructive and perhaps even wasteful,'' says the engineer, "but it is really the only way we can even attempt to observe and analyze, at one time, all the injury producing events that we have simulated individually during the small scale testing."

Exercise 6.9 Answer the questions

1.What kind of tests are carried out daily in safety testing labs?

2.What is the purpose of those tests?

3.What is done to check a car for front end strength?

4.How do engineers test all-steel tops of the cars?

5.What kind of dummies have been developed for testing cars?

6.What devices and instruments are used during the test simulating crash events?

7.Why are such tests necessary?

Exercise 6.10 Think of some questions to the following answers

1)unrestrained by seat belts.

2)to reduce injuries and to save lives of people.

3)over 40 years ago.

4)about 20 years ago.

5)to represent the actual events during real accidents.

6)dummies do.

7)to improve interior components of a car.

Exercise 6.11 Speak about:

1.The purpose of scientific car crash methods

2.The organization of the testing process.

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Exercise 6.12 If you had ever seen or observed such testing process, tell us

about it

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7 Lesson 7 Pioneer in safety: The Anti Brake Locking System

Exercise 7.1 Read the following words. Mind their meaning

1)vehicle handling – управление транспортом

2)road safety – дорожная безопасность

3)landmark - ориентир

4)driver behaviour – поведение водителя

5)to lose control (of) – потерять контроль (над)

6)lateral forces – боковые силы

7)to be aware of – знать (о)

8)in order to – для того, чтобы…

9)rear axle – задний мост

10)under emergency braking – при срочном торможении

11)rear-end collision – заднее столкновение

12)provided – при условии, что…

13)traction – сцепление (с дорогой)

14)off-switch – полное отключение

15)onus - ответственность

16)error – ошибка, просчет.

Exercise 7.2 Read the following verbs. Mind their meaning

1)to unveil (-ed, -ed) - открыть

2)to foresee (foresaw, foreseen) - предвидеть

3)to enhance (-ed, -ed) - усиливать

4)to convince (-ed, -ed) - убеждать

5)to overtax (-ed, -ed) - перенапрягаться

6)to avoid (-ed, -ed) - избегать

7)to lose (lost, lost) - терять

8)to prevent (from) (-ed, -ed)) - препятствовать

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9)to break (broke, broken) - ломать

10)to fit (-ed, -ed) - оснащать

11)to swerve (-ed, -ed) – сворачивать в сторону, уклоняться

12)offset (offset, offset) – комментировать.

Exercise 7.3 Form different words using prefixes. Translate them

Exercise 7.4 Compare the pairs of verbs. Pay attention to the adverbs used after the verbs. Translate them. Consult a dictionary

To break – to break down, to break in, to break off, to break out, to break up. To go – to go after, to go against, to go along, to go by, to go on, to go in for, to

go off.

To switch – to switch on (off), to switch over.

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