Неличные формы глагола инфинитив = Verbals in Depth the Infinitive. Учебное пособие

5. PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

tain that they would come to an understanding. 4. It seemed unlikely that questions of the kind should arise. 5. We are sure that everything will turn out all right. 6. He has surely noticed it. 7. Probably he will lose a lot of money gambling. 8. I am not sure that the candidate will win the election. 9. It is certain that all of them will come to the party. 10. I’m sure they will solve the problems the company is facing. 11. It is likely there will be much snow this winter.

Exercise 4. Your friend has missed many lectures and seminars, and you’re afraid he’ll be expelled. Tell him what he is supposed / expected to do until it is too late. . Work in pairs/ small groups. Use the phrases below:

-to stop playing truant immediately

-to copy your notes of all the missed lectures

-to hand in all the written tasks

-to speak at seminars

-to start doing all the assignments given

-to participate in all the labs

-to be present at all the lectures

-to be very polite with all professors

-to display interest ant enthusiasm about the subjects

-to try to seem a capable student

Exercise 5. You have read about an earthquake in the newspaper and heard many people discuss the news. Tell your partner/ partners about what you have read and heard. Answer their questions about the situation. Use the Subjective Infinitive Construction. Follow the model.

Model: It is reported that the earthquake started very early in the morning. – The earthquake is reported to have started very early in the morning.

1.It is informed that a lot of buildings are damaged.

2.It is said that a lot of people rushed into the streets out of their beds.

3.The newspapers report that the earthquake killed many people.

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S.V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

4.They say that people are expecting help from the government and from the Red Cross.

5.It is reported that the rescue team is still working in the ruins.

6.People say that a lot of volunteers are helping the rescue team.

7.It is said that the rescue rangers have found several people alive in the ruins.

8.They say that the emergency team arrived within minutes after the alarm was given.

9.It is reported that many people are looking for their relatives and friends.

10.It is said that many people need psychological help.

11.It is informed that the Prime Minister arrived at the scene. They say he appealed for any assistance and promised medical aid and shelter to those whose houses had been ruined.

Exercise 6. Ask questions beginning with Do you happen to know… Answer the questions beginning with I think…, I hope…, I don’t know…, I’m not sure…, etc. Follow the model.

Model: When is Helen returning from her trip to Tunisia? –

–Do you happen to know when Helen is returning from her trip to Tunisia?

–I’m not sure. I think she’s returning in a couple of days.

Suggested questions:

1.Could you tell me how I can get to the Historical museum from here?

2.Where is my dictionary? I can’t find it anywhere.

3.When do we have our first winter exam?

4.The cake is delicious. Can you tell me how to cook it?

5.When does the nearest grocery close? We’ve run out of sugar.

6.What is on in the Bolshoi Theatre? I’d love to see a ballet.

7.Are there any new photo exhibitions now in Moscow?

8.Does Nicholas like football? I wanted to invite him to see an international game at the Central stadium.

9.Who is the stranger Mike is speaking to? I’ve never seen him around.

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5.PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

10.What is Ann’s graduation paper about?

11.Do Mark and Kathy often make parties? I’d love to be invited.

12.Do they ever go to pop concerts?

13.Initiate dialogues/short conversations using similar questions/ answers.

Exercise 7. Translate the sentences into English using the Subjective Infinitive Construction.

1. Видели, чтоонзакрылокноипогасилсвет. 2. Говорят, онпоте- рял свое состояние, играя в бридж. 3. Как известно, Жуковский был прекрасным педагогом и лектором. 4. Оказалось, что мы когда- то уже встречались. 5. Вам, кажется, не нравится его предложе- ние? 6. Завтра утром телеграмма будет непременно отправлена. 7. Все слышали, как он угрожал отомстить за оскорбление. 8. Вы, случайно, не знаете этого человека? 9. Сообщалось, что в район бедствия вылетела большая группа спасателей. 10. Маловероятно, что он будет сегодня обедать дома. 11. Он сопротивлялся, но его заставили пригласить Джексонов на вечеринку. 12. Было слышно, что в соседней комнате зазвонил телефон. 13. Кажется, тебя ищет шеф, и он очень сердит. 14. Ей не разрешают ходить в ночные клу- бы. 15. Вряд ли он появится раньше других. 16. Я как раз отдыхал в Турции, когда в Бодруме загорелись леса. 17. Он наверняка все перепутает. 18. Полагают, что результаты его исследование ста- нут важным вкладом в развитие данного научного направления. 19. Во время сочинения студентам разрешили пользоваться сло- варями. 20. Двух дней, пожалуй, будет достаточно. 21. Никто ни- когда не видел, как он водит машину. 22. Нас обманом заставили вложить деньги в это рискованное предприятие. 23. Безусловно, мы придем к вам на свадьбу. 24. Предполагается, что переговоры состоятся сразу после завершения конференции. 25. Сообщалось, что новое оборудование будет доставлено в ближайшие две не- дели. 26. Оказалось, что никто не знал о его приезде. 27. Никак не ожидали, что его исключат из университета. 28. Она, опреде- ленно, станет призером конкурса.

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S.V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

3)The For-to-Infinitive Construction (the For-Complex, the ForPhrase) is a predicative construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relation to a noun or a pronoun preceded by the preposition “for” (the preposition “for” introduces a construction in which a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case (the nominal element) has an infinitive (the verbal element) attached to it. The construction is translated into Russian either by a subordinate clause or by an infinitive.

It is safer for you not to deal with such suspicious people.

Тебебезопаснеенеиметьделастакимиподозрительнымилюдьми.

This is the book for you to read in the train.

Это книга, которуюты можешь читать в поезде.

Unlike the two infinitive constructions considered above, the ForComplex may perform different syntactical functions similar to those of a single infinitive. Thus in the sentence it can be used:

1)as SUBJECT (or, more correctly, complex subject as it is expressed by a predicative construction). In this function it is often used with the introductory subject “it”.

It wasn’t easy for me to explain everything to my numerous colleagues

Мне было нелегко все объяснить своим многочисленным коллегам.

For him to make that decision meant to give up his lifetime dream.

Принятьэторешениезначилодлянегоотказатьсяотмечтывсей своей жизни.

Notethatafteradjectivesdescribingsomeone’sbehaviour(suchas“kind”,

“good”, “mean”, “generous”, “brave”, “honest”, “clever”, “intelligent”, “sensible”,“reasonable”,“silly”,“stupid”,“foolish”,“careless”,“wrong”, etc.) the complex is used with the preposition “of” instead of “for”:

It was so mean of you not to have helped me out of the mess.

Ствоей стороны было подло не помочь мне выпутаться из непри- ятностей.

It’s so clever of Michael to arrange this meeting.

Какой Майкл молодец, что организовал эту встречу!

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5.PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

2)as PREDICATIVE (or PART OF A PREDICATIVE)

This problem is for you to settle.

Тебе улаживать эту проблему.

The text was easy for us to read.

Нам было легко читать этоттекст

3)as OBJECT (or, more correctly, complex object, as it is expressed be a predicative construction)

I’m anxious for you to take part in the concert.

Мне очень хочется, чтобыты принял участие в концерте.

She didn’t care for him to get the job.

Ей было все равно, получитли он эту работу.

4)as ATTRIBUTE

There’s nobody here for him to play with.

Ему здесь не с кем играть.

The best thing for you to do is to apologize.

Лучшее, чтоты можешь сделать– это извиниться.

5) as ADVERBIAL MODIFIER a) of PURPOSE

He stepped aside for me to pass.

Он отошел, чтобы дать мне пройти.

I bought a comfortable rocking chair for my father to relax.

Я купил удобное кресло-качалку, чтобы мой отец мог рассла- биться и отдохнуть.

b) of RESULT ( chiefly preceded by the adverbs“enough” or “too”)

It was too late for him to change anything.

Было слишком поздно, чтобы он мог что-нибудь изменить.

He spoke loudly enough for us to hear.

Он говорил достаточно громко, чтобы мы его слышали (чтобы нам было его слышно).

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S. V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the For-to- Infinitive Construction and the functions the construction is used in.

1. When the elder Osborne gave what he called “a hint”, there was no possibility for the most obtuse (slow-witted) to mistake his meaning. 2. It made him half mad to see the calm way in which George … opened the door for the ladies to leave the room. 3. He longed with a heart-sick yearning for the first few days to be over, that he might see her again. 4. I listened for the bell to ring below. 5. I don’t know how many of the fine people at the Leas are coming with him: he sends directions for all the best bedrooms to be prepared. 6. It is too soon for her to give up business. 7. I must wait for my master to give explanations, and so must she. 8. Of late it had been easy enough for me to look sad. 9. To be together is for us to be at once as fine as in solitude, as gay as in company. 10. For me to remember meeting him meant to remember everything that was connected with him. 11. I don’t suppose it’s any good waiting for it to clear up.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions using the For-to-Infinitive Construction as subject. Follow the model.

Model: What is it unusual for you to do in the evening? –

It’s unusual for me to stay at home just reading something.

1.What is it a waste of time for you to do?

2.What may it be a misfortune for you to miss?

3.What can be a shock for you to see?

4.Where would it be good for you to go on holiday?

5.What music is it always a pleasure for you to listen to?

6.What country is it a dream for you to visit?

7.Where is it common for you to go on weekends?

8.What kind of a career would it be a challenge for you to have?

9.What is it a pleasure for you to do after a long working day?

10.What is it a problem for you to cook?

11.What is it a torture for you to do: to get up early or to go to a concert of classical music?

12.Where is it usual for you to go after classes?

Use the model to initiate short dialogues with your partners.

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5. PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

Exercise 3. Transform the sentences according to the model using the For-Complex and the adjectives suggested. Follow the model.

-important

-necessary

-possible

-impossible

-difficult

-traditional

-easy

-customary

Model: You should think twice before you agree. –

It is important for you to think twice before you agree.

1. Students should enjoy their student life. 2. Teachers should be competent. 3. We don’t have to hurry. There’s plenty of time. 4. A child can’t usually sit still for a long time. 5. Students have to budget their time carefully. 6. My family always eats turkey at Christmas. 7. I can’t understand fluent English. 8. The bride usually feeds the groom the first piece of their wedding cake. 9. Mary should start thinking of her future. 10. I can understand my teacher most of the time. 11. I should enter the university. My parents are anxious about it. 12. A designer should have taste and be creative.

Exercise 4. Make up short dialogues with an infinitive subject using the suggested adjectives. Follow the model. Mind the preposition “of” instead of “for” to be used after an adjective describing someone’s behaviour. Work in pairs.

Model: – It was kind of your parents to give me a lift. – –Yes, it was nice of them to do it. I was in such a hurry!

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S. V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

Exercise 5. Paraphrase the sentences so as to use the For-to-Infinitive Construction, and state its syntactical function.

1. It is quite natural that we should act like that. 2. This is the day which they shall remember for a long time. 3. I shall leave some money so that the kids could spend it while we are away. 4. Let us wait till a definite answer arrives. 5. The ice on the lake has become too thin, so the boys can’t go skating. 6. The new manager must be very competent as the director has entrusted him with a most difficult task. 7. What I want is that you should understand me. 8. There is no need that we should stay here any longer. 9. Phone the office and someone will meet us. 10. He is just the expert whom you should have consulted. 11. That a man of his age should be so active and full of vitality is something extraordinary. 12. Mr Marshal’s suggestion was that the contract should be signed without any delay. 13. It is quite natural that she should have refused his proposal. 14 He waited at the reception. The secretary hadn’t turned up yet. 15. My desire is that Michael should become independent. 16. My sister’s children never go to bed in time. But she doesn’t care. 17. Rachel’s French is very bad, so you shouldn’t ask her to interpret. 18. Open the window so that the patient could get a breath of fresh air. 19. This paper is too dull, and I never subscribe to it. 20. Here are some instructions which you should follow. 21. When I became a vegetarian, had to wait for some period of time until my organism got used to it. 22. The most important thing is that you should stay calm. 23. Martin sent his family to his parents’ so that they could be safe there. 24. The days have become too short, so we can’t take such long walks as in the summertime.

Exercise 6. Translate the sentences into English using the ForComplex. State the function the construction performs.

1. Самое простое для вас – не спорить сними, а принять все, какесть. 2. Мнесложнообъяснить, какнужновестисебявтакойситу- ации. 3. Деньдостаточнотеплый, чтобы нам разрешили искупаться. 4. Возьми эту книгу в библиотеке, чтобы мы смогли подготовиться к семинару. 5. Для нее так естественно не реагировать на такие сло- ва. 6. Мэривсеравно, одобряетеливыеевыбор. 7. Постарайсянайти место, гдебы тысмогуединитьсяиспокойнопоработатьчасок-дру-

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REVISION EXERCISES

гой. 8. Сделать Хелен комплимент значит для Джона польстить ей, а он ни в коем случае не хочет, чтобы она даже подумала о таком.

9.Яоченьхочу, чтобымойфильмувиделизарубежомиоценилиего.

10.Хуже всего для них– купить новый дом и не иметь возможности жить в нем. 11. Нам не о чем разговаривать. 12. Джек слишком не- уравновешен, чтобы мы доверили ему это важное дело. 13. В этом магазине нет ничего, что мы могли бы купить ей на день рождения.

14.Как мило, что вы нас подождали! 15. Для Кейси всегда проблема встать рано, она же «сова». 16. Первым импульсом было отправить ребенка в больницу. 17. Твои знания этой проблемы не достаточно глубоки, чтобы быть руководителем данного диссертационного ис- следования. 18. Моей подруге очень важно бросить курить как мож- но скорее. Прогнозы врачей неутешительны. 19. Он составил план, который мы обсудим на завтрашнем заседании. 20. Самое интерес- ное для меня– съездить в Англию и увидеть собственными глазами то, о чем я так много читал. 21. С твоей стороны было неправиль- ным, не помочь ей в таких сложных обстоятельствах. Она никогда тебя не простит. 22. Не тебе решать, где он будет учиться. 23. Стив оченьхотел, чтобыегосемьяпоскорееприехала, онтакскучалвэтих каменных джунглях. 24. Это тот вопрос, на который мы должны об- ратитьособоевнимание, какпроситбосс. 25. Менясовсемневолну- ет, чтоониуезжают. 26. Садслишкоммал, чтобывысмоглиреализо- ватьсвои фантазииландшафтногодизайна. 27. Отойди, чтобы я мог подвинуть стол. 28. Извините, но эта тема слишком личная, чтобы мы ее обсуждали в присутствии всей группы.

REVISION EXERCISES

(syntactical functions of the infinitive and predicative constructions with the infinitive)

Exercise 1. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian. Define the syntactical functions of the infinitives.

1. It is not easy to look tragic at eighteen, when you are extremely pretty, with cheeks and lips and shining eyes of perfect health. 2. All her lovely hair is cut off. Will she be allowed to send one curl to Jimmy? 3. In that extremity I saw but one way to save the piece from failure. 4. She seated herself so that

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S. V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

I could see the shadows of her figure in profile. 5.‘I am here to speak French with the children’, Rebecca said abruptly,‘not to teach them music, and save money for you!’ 6. As he spoke, Miss Sharp began to have a feeling of distrust and hatred towards this young officer. 7. ‘It’s my belief, sir, that you have not the power or the right to separate those two’, Dobbin answered in a low voice. 8. His heart was too full to say much. 9. I felt that to forward this letter to Porcharlester would only pain him uselessly. 10. She always gave her entire wages – seven shillings – and Harry always sent up what he could, but the trouble was to get any money from her father. 11. He used to meet her outside the Stores every evening and see her home. 12. Of course, her father had found out the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say to him. 13. Mr. Davidson and I talked it over, and we made up our minds the first thing to do was to put down the dancing. 14. I’m just going down to see that our luggage is all right. 15. What he heard shocked him, but he hesitated to express his disapproval. 16. She’s all alone here, and it seems rather unkind to ignore her. 17. It seemed the only dish the cook knew how to cook. 18.‘I know he went to call on the governor’, said Mrs. Davidson,‘and I guess he’s kept him to dinner’. 19. George is much too high-minded to marry for money. 20. After supper he saw Horn on the verandah and, as though to have a casual word with him, went out. 21. Come one, you mustn’t do that. You’d better go to your room and lie down. 22. Nonsense. You don’t think I’m such a fool as not to see that it’s you only, who’ve made Jane what she is. 23. Things are in a bad way with me, Mr. Pyne. I don’t know what to do about it. 24. Since you are my nephew, you had better not disgrace me. 25. It is my habit to obey my impulses instantaneously. 26. To speak truth, I had not the least wish to go into company, for in company I was very rarely noticed. 27. I didn’t like re-entering Thornfield. To pass its threshold was to return to stagnation. 28. She sang delightfully; it was a treat to listen to her. 29. I turned my face away to conceal a smile I could not suppress. 30. The wish to have some strength and some vigour returned to me as soon as I was amongst my fellow-beings. 31. Iron gates between granite pillars showed me where to enter. 32. He sighed; he half-opened his lips as if to speak. 33. The first thing to be done was, of course, to sit upon their chests so as to produce the stifling sensation of nightmare. 34. ‘The only thing to do is to portion out the day to different activities’, answered the missionary.

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