Неличные формы глагола инфинитив = Verbals in Depth the Infinitive. Учебное пособие

5. PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE

(INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

In Modern English we find the following predicative constructions with the infinitive:

1)THE OBJECTIVE-WITH-THE-INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

2)THE SUBJECTIVE INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION

3)THE FOR-TO-INFINITIVE CONSNTRUCTION (FOR-COMPLEX)

1) The Objective-with-the-infinitive Construction (OWTIC) consists of a nominal element (a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case) and a verbal element (an infinitive). This is a construction in which the infinitive is in predicate relations to the noun in the common case or to the pronoun in the objective case. In the sentence this construction has the function of a complex object, thus it follows the predicate of the sentence.

In translating the OWTIC into Russian we nearly always use a subordinate clause. The Russian object clause may be introduces by the conjunctions “что”, “как”, “чтобы”(after verbs of sense perception, wish and desire, liking and disliking). After causative verbs the construction may be translated by part of a simple sentence or literally (when the English verb is translated by the corresponding Russian verbs

“заставлять”, “вынуждать”, “побуждать”). In some cases, especially after the verb “to make”, there may be specific lexical way of rendering the construction into Russian.

He wanted Alice to stop crying.

Oн хотел, чтобы Элис перестала плакать.

Andrew did nothing, he just stood and watched her go.

Эндрю ничего не сделал, он просто стоял и смотрел, как она уходила.

He noticed Mary slip out of the room.

Он заметил, что Мэри выскользнула из комнаты.

Can’t you finally get men to help you do this work?

Неужели ты не можешь, наконец, заставить мужчин помочь

тебе сделать эту работу?

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S. V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

What makes you think so?

Почемутытак думаешь?

The Objective-with-the-infinitive Construction is used:

1. After verbs denoting sense perception (“to hear”, “to see”, “to watch”, “to feel”, “to observe”, “to notice”, etc.). After these verbs only bare non-perfect non-continuous active form of the infinitive is used.

I saw Jim enter the room.

Я видел, как (что) Джон вошел в комнату

I felt the blood rush into my cheeks.

Я почувствовал, как кровь прилила к моим щекам

Have you heard him play the piano?

Слышали ли вы, как он играет на пианино?

They saw the plane fly over the houses.

Они видели, как самолетлетел над домами.

If a process is expressed, Participle I can also be used as the verbal element of the construction. To express an action in the passive, Participle II is used instead of the passive infinitive.

She watched the children playing in the garden and heard them laughing merrily.

Онасмотреланадетей,игравшихвсаду,ислышала,каконивесело смеялись.

I heard my name mentioned during the conversation.

Я слышал, как во время разговора упомянули мое имя.

Note that if the verb “to see” means “to understand”, “to realise” or the verb “to hear” means “to learn”, “to be told” (when these verbs are not really verbs of sense perception) the OWTIC is not used. A subordinate clause or a gerundial complex can be used instead.

I saw that he didn’t realize the danger.

Я понимал, что он не осознает опасности.

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5. PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

I hear that he left for the South (of his having left for the South).

Я слышал (мне сказали), что он уехал на юг.

Note also that after the verbs “to see” and “to notice” the OWTIC is not used with the verb “to be”. A subordinate clause should be used in such a case:

I saw (noticed) that she was pale.

Я увидел (заметил), что она бледна.

2. After verbs denoting mental activity (“to know”, “to think”, “to consider”, “to believe”, “to suppose”, “to expect”, “to imagine”, “to

find”, “to feel”, “to trust”, etc.). After these verbs the infinitive may be used in any form though non-perfect forms are more frequent.

I’ve never known him to be such a distinguished scholar.

Я и не знал, что онтакой выдающийся ученый.

If you suppose this young lady to be intelligent enough, you’re definitely mistaken.

Есливыполагаете, чтоэталедидостаточноумна, выопределенно ошибаетесь.

Everybody expected her to marry Pete.

Все считали, что она выйдет замуж за Пита.

The use of this construction after most verbs of this list is more characteristic of literary than of colloquial style. An object clause (a thatclause) is more often used instead.

I thought that they were a wonderful couple.

Я считал, что они прекрасная пара (их прекрасной парой).

After verbs of mental activity the perfect form of the infinitive can be used but seldom.

The doctor found the patient’s heart to have stopped two hours before.

Врач обнаружил, что сердце пациента остановилось два часа назад.

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S. V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

Note that with the verbs “to think”, “to consider”, “to find” the same idea can be expressed without an infinitive when followed by an adjective or a noun.

He thought her beautiful.

I find the main point of the lecture interesting. She considered me a devoted friend.

3.After verbs denoting wish and intention (“to want (would like)”, “to wish”, “to desire”, “to mean”, “to intend”, “to choose” (in the meaning of “to want”, etc.)

I want you to start for the trip immediately.

Я хочу, чтобы отправился в поездку немедленно.

I didn’t mean him to learn the dialogue by heart.

Я не хотела, чтобы он учил диалог наизусть.

I don’t choose you to live at the hotel.

Я не хочу, чтобыты жил в гостинице.

4.After verbs and expressions denoting feeling and emotion (‘to like”, “to dislike”, “to love”, “to hate”, “cannot stand”, “cannot bear”, etc.)

I dislike you to talk like that.

Я не люблю, когдатытак говоришь.

I can’t bear you to behave in such a nasty way!

Терпеть не могу, когдатытак гадко ведешь себя!

5.After verbs denoting order and permission (“to order”, “to allow”, “to let”, “to ask for”, “to suffer”, “to have”, “to tell”, etc.) if the object is expressed by a noun or a pronoun denoting a lifeless thing or when the infinitive is passive. This restriction does not apply to the verbs “to suffer”, “to have”, “to let” and “to tell” though.

The officer ordered the papers to be delivered at once.

Офицер приказал доставить бумаги немедленно.

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5. PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

He asked for the bags to be unpacked.

Он попросил распаковать вещи.

I didn’t allow my lips to pronounce his name.

Я не позволяла своим губам произносить его имя.

She suffered her son to go out so late.

Она с большой неохотой позволила сыну уйти из дома в такой поздний час.

Let him leave, we don’t need his services any longer. (“to let” requires a bare infinitive)

Пусть он уходит, мы больше не нуждаемся в его услугах.

With the rest of the verbs indicated if the object is expressed by a noun or pronoun denoting a living being and the infinitive is active, we find two direct objects. There is no infinitive construction in the sentences below:

He ordered the secretary to post the letters at once.

1)He ordered the secretary.

2)He ordered to post the letters at once.

Mother allowed the children to go to the skating-rink.

1)Mother allowed the children.

2)Mother allowed to go to the skating-rink.

Note that the verb “to suffer” in this construction it is rendered in affirmative sentences by “неохотно позволить, разрешить “скрепя сердце”; in negative sentences it is rendered by “допускать”.

James suffered his wife to wear that short skirt.

Скрепя сердце Джон позволил жене надетьту короткую юбку.

Note also that the verb “to have” denotes permission only in negative sentences. It’s close to the verb “to suffer” in this meaning.

I won’t have you speak like that.

(“to have” is used without the particle “to” in this meaning)

Не могу допустить / не допущу, чтобытытак разговаривал.

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S.V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

6.After verbs denoting compulsion, or verbs of inducement (“to force”, “to make” in the meaning of “заставить”, “to cause” in the meaning of “заставить”,”распорядиться”, “to get” in the meaning of “добиться”, “to have” in the meaning of “заставить”, “сказать чтобы”, etc.). The verbs “to make” and “to have” are followed by a bare infinitive in the infinitive construction.

Money makes the world go round.

Деньги движут миром (заставляют мир двигаться).

She caused the telegramme to be sent at once.

Она распорядилась, чтобытелеграмму отправили сразу же.

I can’t get her to start doing homework

Не могу добиться, чтобы она села за уроки.

I had him go there.

Я заставил его пойтитуда.

7.After verbs of declaring (“to pronounce”, “to declare”, “to report”, etc.)

She declared him to be the most disobedient child in the world.

Она заявила, что он самый непослушный ребенок на свете.

They reported the prisoner to have been seen outside the prison.

Они сообщили, что заключенного видели за пределамитюрьмы.

8.After some verbs requiring a prepositional object (“to count on”, “to rely on”, “to look for”, “to listen to”, “to wait for”, etc.)

We count on you to help us in this quandary.

Мырассчитываем,чтотыпоможешьнамвэтомзатруднительном положении.

He waited for her to overcome her shyness.

Он ждал, пока она преодолеет свою застенчивость.

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5. PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the Objective- with-the-infinitive Construction and the verbs the construction is used after. Pay attention to the ways the construction can be translated into Russian.

1. ‘What a beautiful, beautiful song that you sang last night, dear Miss Sharp’, said the Collector. ‘It made me cry almost; upon my honour, it did.’ 2. Stop, let me ring the bell for pistols for two. 3. This news of war caused all these gentlemen to look very serious. 4. Get a crape on your hat, and a black waistcoat – I don’t think you’ve got one; order it to be brought home tomorrow, so that we may be able to start on Thursday. 5. I was carried into an inn, where the guard wanted me to have some dinner. 6. I found the mess to consist of indifferent potatoes and strange shreds of rusty meat, mixed and cooked together. 7. I wished the wind to howl more wildly, the gloom to deepen to darkness, and the confusion to rise to clamour. 8. My heart really warmed to the worthy lady, as I heard her talk. 9. If he expects me to talk for the mere sake of talking and showing off, he will find he has addressed himself to the wrong person. 10. Why did you take such pains to make me believe you wished to marry Miss Ingram? 11. ‘Go to your room and put on your bonnet’, he replied. ‘I mean you to accompany me to Millcote this morning.’ 12. I heard him go as I stood at the half-open door of my own room, to which I had now withdrawn. 13. When you are inquisitive, Jane, you always make me smile. 14. With some difficulty I got him to make the tour of the house. 15. He then ordered his horse to be brought round and rode it off down the Ascot Road with a groom. 16. I want you to explain to me why you don’t exhibit Dorian Gray’s picture. 17. Always! That is a dreadful word. It makes me shudder when I hear it. 18. He believed Osborne to be the possessor of every perfection, to be the handsomest, the bravest, the most active, the cleverest, the most generous of created boys.

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S. V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

Exercise 2. Paraphrase the sentences using the Objective-with- the-infinitive Construction after verbs of different groups. Follow the model.

a)Model 1 (after the verbs “to see”, “to hear”, “to watch”, “to observe”, etc.):

I saw that the children were running round the house. – I saw the children run round the house.

1. I noticed that the woman passed him by and gave him a quick and strange look.

2. He heard that Martha was playing the guitar in the next room.

3. The guide saw that three tourists lagged behind and stopped to wait for them.

4. She felt that he touched her on the shoulder gently.

5. The policeman watched how the burglar was breaking the lock of the house opposite his observation post.

6. When I saw that she entered the room, I came up to her immediately to tell her the news.

b)Model 2 (after the verbs “to think”, “to believe”, “to consider”, “to find”, “to expect”, “to suppose”, etc.):

Everybody thought that he was quite knowledgeable in this field. – Everybody thought him (to be) quite knowledgeable in this field. 1. I can’t believe that he has robbed the bank.

2. Helen thought that Mr. Grass was a first-class teacher.

3. The family and all their friends expected that Mark and Anna would get married quite soon.

4. John found that this unattractive woman was wonderfully wise in all their arguments.

5. She thought that Michael was the handsomest man she had ever met.

6. Nobody supposed that he would become a student of such a prestigious university.

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5.PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS)

c)Model 3 (after the verbs “to want (would like)”, “to wish”, “to desire”, “to mean”, etc.):

He wish was that his family should spend the weekend somewhere in a quiet place. – He wished his family to spend the weekend somewhere in a quiet place.

1. My desire is that you should stop arguing immediately!

2. He wanted an apple pie and asked if his wife could make it for dessert. 3. Do you mean that John should bring his girl-friend to the family

dinner?

4. I would like that you should help me to do shopping today, I need a new cocktail-dress.

5. His wish was that his sister should recover completely.

d)Model 4 (after the verbs “to like”, “to love”, “to hate”, “to dislike”, “cannot bear”, etc.):

I like it when you come to see us. – I like you to come to see us. 1. I hate it when you talk to me in such a manner!

2. Do you like it when your guests leave your place late?

3. She cannot bear the way her husband curls his lip when he doesn’t like something.

4. All children love it when their parents kiss them before their going to bed.

5. He dislikes it when his wife talks on the phone for hours.

e)Model 5 (after the verbs “to order”, “to ask for”, “to let”, “to have”, “to get”, etc.):

His request was to check all the papers. – He asked for all the papers to be checked.

1. She wanted them to sell the house as soon as possible and gave them a strict order to do it.

2. The boss ordered that his instructions should be followed immediately.

3. The visitor wanted to have supper in his room and made arrangements for it.

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S.V. MAYORSHINA. VERBALS IN DEPTH: THE INFINITIVE

4.Molly didn’t approve of her children to take a walk at such a late hour, so she gave them no permission.

5.My request was to get a chance to start a business of my own.

6.She wanted to have a new car and asked her husband to bye it for her.

f)Model 6 (after the verbs “to force”, ”to make”, ”to have”, “to cause”, “to get”, etc.):

She heard some strange sound and stepped aside. – Some strange sound made her step aside.

1. Her parents didn’t give her permission to go out with boys, so she had to stay at home all evenings.

2. His simple explanation gave her a chance to understand the complicated issue.

3. I hope you will persuade her to try to take part in this important contest.

4. She will find a reason for her friend to help her out of the mess.

5. He heard his daughter’s singing and believed that she was able to enter the local choir.

g)Model 7 (after the verbs “to pronounce”, “to declare”, “to report”,

etc.):

They reported that the train had already started. – The reported the train to have already started.

1. The surgeon pronounced that the patient had recovered. 2. She declared that Alice would never see him again.

3. They reported that we would have a new teacher soon.

4. My boss declared that my wages would be increased in two weeks. 5. She reported that her test paper had been completed.

h)Model 8 (after the verbs with prepositions “to count on”, “to rely on”, “to wait for”, etc.):

I count on your coming in time. – I count on you to come in time. 1. Everybody waited when she continued speaking.

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