Learning to read and discuss fiction. Учебное пособие

многотяжелобольных, укоторыхболезньбылаужезапущена, ионитребовали особого внимания. Сестра, которая отвечала за эту палату, не могла справиться с работой одна, поэтому ей помогали санитары. 8. У больных былатакаяпримета, чтоеслиумиралидвое, то, наверняка, долженбытьтретий. Сестра Конрик понимала это, но все ее попытки заинтересовать своих подопечных чем-то другим были тщетны. Но Джен не хотела поддаваться этойглупойсуевернойпримете, онатвердорешилавыздороветь. 9. Всепалатыборолисьзаправовыбратьпрограммурадиопередачи, икаждойпалате казалось, что предпочтение делалось другим. 10. Разговаривая с докторомХейгом, Бартпочувствовал, чтовсевнемвызываетдоверие. Икогдаон услышал, что говорит доктор Хейг, он был ошеломлен, Барт с трудом мог сдержаться. Оказалось, что последнее обследование показало, что болезнь Джен прогрессировала. Доктор сказал, что месяцы, проведенные дома без лечения, усугубилиеесостояние. Надобылорешать, каксообщитьДженэти ужасные новости. Сказать ей все – означало бы поставить на ней печать смерти. Былорешенонеговоритьпровтороелегкое, сказатьтолькопрогорло. Докторсказал, чтовиделзамечательныерезультатыпослелечениястрептомицином, иеслиорганизмДженбудетреагироватьблагоприятно, втечениекороткоговременибудутзначительныеулучшения. 11. Палата№3 была полна мрачных предчувствий, и сестра Конрик, имея двадцатипятилетний опытработыстуберкулезнымибольными, решила, чтовтакомслучаенетничеголучшенебольшогопередвижениявпалате. ОнапоместилаДжениМирнурядом, говоря, чтоониобе– интеллигентки, помешанныенакнигахимузыке. 12. Все объединились в ненависти к Шерли, т. к., хотя она и нарушала правила, казалось, онанестрадалаотрецидива. Икаждыйраз, когдакто-ни- будь делал какое-нибудь замечание, Шерли бросала на него враждебный взгляд. 13. Мирне пришла блестящая идея штрафовать каждого, кто хоть раз упомянет болезнь. Постепенно все клали в коробку монеты. Единственными тремяпациентами, которыенесделалисвойвклад, были: миссисМайерс, которая всегда молчала, ее соседка, которая если и разговаривала, то только с сестрой, и Шерли, которая предпочитала заниматься воспоминаниями, а не говорить о туберкулезе. 14. Барт не мог понять, какую пользу просвечивание можетпринестиэтомунесчастномумальчику, болезнькоторогобылаужена такойстадииразвития. Новдругемупришловголову, чтоеслинеБиллиМейн, токому-тодругомуэтоможетпринестипользу. ИэтоможетбытьДжен.

Ex. 4 (to be prepared at home and reproduced in class)

Topics and questions for discussion. Make use of the vocabulary suggested in brackets.

1. What was Springvale like and how did Jan feel there? What qualities did she reveal? (p.p. 273, 274, 281, 284, 288, 289, 293, 313) (dilapidated buildings; to be turned into smth; to undergo the ordeal; to buckle; to collapse; to put up

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with smth; lack of staff and insufficient finance; meals; to eat smth down up to the last crumb; to give way to smth; to be full of apprehension).

2.Collect all the information about the atmosphere in the san. and about all the patients. Speak about the author’s accusation of the cruel society they lived in. (p.p. 275-279, 282, 285, 290-292, 294, 295, 302-305, 308-312, 314) (opaque eyes; to go mad; to get over smth; hunch-backed; to seem utterly strange to smb; a hunted animal; superstition; to unite in hating smb; an air of secrecy; to have no key to smth; to be a tonic; to get an idea; to fine; a cheerup society; timber-cutter; to collapse; to be cured; unwanted freedom).

3.Collect all the information about Sister Conrick (and the patients’ attitude to her), orderly Weston, Doctor Haige as contrasted to Doctor Laide and the matron at Pine Ridge (p.p. 275, 289, 290, 293, 294, 300, 301, 304, 307; 280, 283-285, 313; 296-299) (efficient; to be an angel; to be the best tea-maker; inhuman; to pat smb’s shoulder; to get smb interested in smth; to take smb’s mind off smth; to give smb a wonderful send-off; there’s nothing like; to give smb a new outlook; to get an eyeful of smb; highbrows with a craze for books and music; to wave an admonitory finger at smb; to make the best of oneself; to take charge of smb; serious-minded; enthusiastic; unlike smb; unwearied; to share a room; trim and neat; to conserve one’s energy; the way one does smth; good points; destruction; to wipe out the disease completely; to look one’s best; patient psychology; to get emotional; valuable; calm manner; to put up with smth; to speak highly of smb; to inspire confidence; to upset smb; to reveal the development of the disease; to be effected; to be fairly advanced; to be visible; to aggravate the condition; to gain nothing by cursing; to apologize; to understand how one feels; to put smb on a tonic; to be run down; to be common; the infection rate; a course of streptomycin; to be considerate; remarkable results; to react favourably; miracles).

4.Dwell upon Bart’s hard work, his attitude to the patients and to the injustice (p.p. 279-281, 283, 285, 286, 306, 307) (imagination; hospital routine; to be aware; appreciation; praise; gratitude; to be appointed to the ward; duty list; the urge to escape; not to matter to smb; brutal; salty and biting humour; worth enduring; for smb’s sake; to commit a murder; to fool smb; no delays, no mistakes; a lump in the throat; doubt; to happen to smb; to read a message from the mysterious picture; good or evil; to point to life or death; to share smb’s mood).

Ex. 5 (to be prepared at home and reproduced in class) Comment on the following.

1) He wasn’t one to “shoot a line” as he would have put it, but there was something warming in Doreen’s appreciation, in the doctor’s comments, in Nurse Duggin’s praise, in Chilla’s wonderment … Jan’s gratitude (p. 280). 2) They were united in hating Shirley because, though she broke the rules, leaving her bed at night to meet one of the orderlies, she seemed to suffer no set-back (p. 291).

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Assignment 7 (Ch. 45-51, p.p. 316-356)

Ex. 1 (to be prepared at home and reproduced in class)

Learn the below words and word-combinations. Write out at home and reproduce in class the situations in which you came across those underlined. 1. to get a bit of shut-eye

2. to feel like doing smth

3. to make a vow to oneself

4. to share comradeship

5. a queer dream

6. to be doomed

7. to impose smth on smb

8. to cease to do smth

9. to be wrapped in the world of one’s own 10. enquiries

11. to bribe smb

12. to take in a boarder

13. transparent

14. obstinate

15. to get a discharge

16. to get a bee in one’s bonnet

17. defiantly

18. to have singularly little resistance

19. to be beyond human endurance

20. to end up a physical wreck

21. for love or money

22. arrogant

23. cross one’s heart

Ex. 2 (to be prepared at home and reproduced in class) Suggest the Russian for the following.

1) The best thing about being on silence … had never made any fight since (p. 328).

Ex. 3 (to be done in writing at home) Suggest the English for the following. 1. Бартсказал, чтоонснетерпениемждалночи, когдаонмогбывыспаться. Но он не мог отказаться от ночной смены и сказал, что вздремнет немного, чтобынезаснутьнаработе, ивернется. 2. Ночнаямедсестрасказала, что она останется, если у Барта есть желание приготовить чай для них двоих. 3. Барт дал себе клятву, как только Джен выйдет из санатория, он никогда не будет жаловаться, если ему придется вставать ночью, чтобы ухаживатьзаДжен. 4. Бартпривыккбольным, онбылполонсочувствияк каждому из них, и он испытывал к ним чувство товарищества. Он сочувс-

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твовал не только им в их тяжелой болезни, но и их женам и детям. Барту хотелось поделиться своими опасениями за Джен с Дэнни, но он сдержался, подумав, что у Дэнни и без того достаточно забот. Ему нравился Дэнни – в нем было какое-то достоинство, которые не могли уничтожить ни болезнь, ни страдания. 5. Джен выслушала решение доктора без комментариев. Она наблюдала, как сестра вешала над ее кроватью табличку «молчать». Убольныхпалаты№3 былаещеоднапримета: еслинадкроватью вешают такую табличку, больной обречен. Молчать, когда ты не хочешь говорить – это одно, и совсем другое, когда молчание тебе навязывают. Постепенно Джен перестала наблюдать за жизнью палаты, проблемы соседей перестали интересовать ее. Ее окружал теперь только ее собственный мир. Она лежала, тупо уставившись часами на стену. Барт пытался навести справки о ее здоровье у врачей. Но он получал один и тотжеответ: туберкулез– болезньнепредсказуемая, ноинъекции, кажется, приносятейпользу. 6. Сестра Конрикпошутила, что еслиШерлихочет подкупить ее взяткой, ей это не удастся. Затем она поблагодарила своих больных и села, закрыв глаза, будто бы это было какое-то прелестное видение. Она была счастлива, что у нее теперь может быть собственный домик, где они с Робби смогут жить, пустив квартиранта. 7. Прежде чем ответить на вопрос Барта, что она собирается купить на деньги, которые выиграла, онапопросилаегопообещатьразрешитьейсделатьто, чтоона захочет. Она подняла вверх руки, и Барт увидел, что кожа на руках у нее совсем прозрачная. Как бы Барт ни старался убедить Джен, что идея ее безумна, чтонельзяуходитьпокаееневыписали, онаупрямоповторяла, что хочет, чтобы Барт поехал с ней на берег озера, где они когда-то отдыхали. СтраховладелБартом. Говорили, чтоэтоплохоепредзнаменование, если больной хочет домой. В разговоре с доктором Барт сказал, что у Джен есть причуда, и рассказал ему все. Доктор Хейг был вынужден сказать ему правду, что Джен недолго осталось жить, т. к. у нее исключительнонизкаясопротивляемость, начтоБартответилвызывающе, чтоне верит этому… Барт сказал, что уже ничто не сможет повредить Джен, ирешилотвезтиеенаозероиухаживатьтамзаней. ДокторХейгответил, что он не справится, что его план – это свыше всего, что может вынести человек, что он кончит жизнь физическим калекой, что он запрещает Джен уезжать, что он не даст машину неотложной помощи, а ни один таксист не согласится везти Джен ни за какие деньги.

Ex. 4 (to be prepared at home and reproduced in class)

Topics and questions for discussion. Make use of the vocabulary suggested in brackets.

1. What event caused general excitement in Ward 3? (p.p. 330-335) (to break the rules; to win the lottery; to give up some attempt; delirious; to impose fines

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on smb; to bribe smb; to be determined about smth; to clap; deposit; a delightful vision; to retire; mock severity; to take in a boarder; to knock sense into smb; to splash money on a bender; apprehensively; determination; transparent; obstinate; a bad omen (sign); ridiculous; to glitter feverishly; to share in smth).

2.Collect all the information about Jan (p.p. 322, 323, 325, 327-330, 346-356) (to be hard to deceive; convincing; to feel humble; to deserve; a queer dream; perplexedly; to be on silence; to avert one’s head; to pretend; to be absorbed; to be doomed; to sink; imposed silence; to be defeated; to cease to do smth; to be wrapped in a world of one’s own; anguish; to recognize; encouragingly; to make up for smth ).

3.Speak about Bart’s sacrifice. What did he himself say about the change in him? (p.p. 316, 319, 320, 321, 330, 336-342, 348-356) (to be on a bender; to look forward to smth; to get a bit of shut-eye; to feel like doing smth; to make a vow to oneself; to complain; to feel comradeship with smb; to be tortured by smth; to confide smth to smb; to have enough to bear; enquiries; to retreat; to get a bee in one’s bonnet; defiantly; to do no harm; to manage; to have a pretty fair idea of smth; beyond human endurance; to end up a physical wreck; to fail smb; bitter memories; unpredictable; temples; alert).

4.Speak about the patients’ hard life. (Accusation of the society) (p.p. 316318, 320-321, 322, 324, 327, 328, 332) (alien; to stir restlessly; to fasten eyes on smb; to cling to smb; to betray smb; informer; to drink thirstily; grateful; service; the inevitable third; to hide).

5.Collect all the information about Magda (p.p. 342-346) (to slam the door in smb’s face; contempt; to sleep off a hangover; unwise; to be a pretty kind of person).

Ex. 5 (to be done orally in class)

Suggest a summary of Part 4

PROBLEMS AND QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

1.The medical system in Australia as revealed in the novel.

2.Jan (which of her traits appeal to you, which – don’t?)

3.Doreen (dwell upon the change of her attitude to Bart)

4.Comment on the title of the novel

5.Bart (the change that took place in him)

6.The antiwar motives and the author’s condemnation of the society

7.Dr Haige, Sister Conrick, Orderly Weston, Brown Nurse as contrasted to Dr Laide, the Matron and the like.

8.Magda (dwell upon the author’s and your attitude to her)

9.What is there in common between the career of the doctor and that of the teacher?

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“An Ideal Husband” by Oscar Wilde

Oscar Wilde (1856-1900) was born in Dublin to the family of a famous Irish surgeon. His mother wrote poetry. When at Oxford University which he graduated, O. Wilde joined the group of aesthetes and soon became their leader. Being critical about the morals of the society he lived in, O. Wilde put forward his aesthetic creed – love of art for art’s sake. The aesthetes treasured the supreme and absolute values of beauty.

In 1881 O. Wilde’s first poems were published, in 1888 – his fairy stories “The Happy Prince and Other Tales”. O. Wilde’s novel “The Picture of Dorian Grey” (1891) reveals his views that art is above life, that one should always be searching new sensations (the so called “New Hedonism”). O. Wilde’s plays “Lady Windermere’s Fan” (1892), “A Woman of No Importance” (1893), “An Ideal Husband” and “The Importance of Being Earnest” (1895) brought him real fame. The notorious trial (in 1895) sentenced O. Wilde to two years in jail. Shortly after his release he wrote some prose revealing his own tragedy.

O. Wilde died in poverty, but his brilliant plays have kept the stage for over a century and his witty jokes and paradoxes have frequently been quoted ever since.

An aphorism is a very untraditionally expressed statement if compared to some routine, commonplace, trivial ideas we hear daily. Aphorisms very laconically express absolutely universal truths and therefore seem so matter- of-fact and yet, appear so wise and original that, once you give thought to it, you realize that anyone has hardly ever managed to put the same ideas in words, so plain yet, so expressive and meaningful.

A paradox is a statement, a stylistic device, which due to its allegedly contradictory nature, appears absurd, but which in fact proves to be wellgrounded once you give thought to it. By expressing his ideas in such an original, thoughtprovoking way the writer arrests the reader’s attention, stirs his imagination and thus, drives home his point very convincingly. O. Wilde’s aphorisms and paradoxes inspire our admiration and therefore are very often quoted.

An Ideal Husband

Proper Names

A. The Persons of the Play

The Earl of Caversham [‘kævəſəm]

Viscount Goring [‘vaıkaunt ‘go:rıƞ]

Sir Robert Chiltern [‘rɒbǝt ‘tʃıltǝn]

Vicomte de Nanjac [‘nænƷǝk]

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Mr Montford [‘mɒntfǝd] Mason [‘meısn]

Phipps [fıps] James [dƷeımz] Harold [‘hærǝld]

Lady Chiltern, Gertrude [‘tʃıltǝn, ‘gɜ:tru:d] Lady Markby [‘ma:kbı]

The Countess of Basildon, Olivia [‘beızldǝn, ɒ’lıvıǝ] Mrs Marchmont [‘ma:tʃmǝnt]

Miss Mabel Chiltern [‘meıbl ‘tʃıltǝn ] Mrs Cheveley, Laura [‘tʃi:vlı, ‘lo:rǝ]

B.Other Names of Persons and Place Names

p.173 Boucher [bu:’ʃeı]

p.173 Louis Seize (sofa) [‘lu:ı ‘si:z] p. 173 Wa eau [‘wɒtoʊ]

p. 173 Hartlock [‘ha:tlɒk] p. 174 Lawrence [‘lɒrǝns] p. 175 Tanagra [‘tænǝgrǝ]

p. 176 The Duchess of Maryborough [‘mɛǝrıbǝrǝ] p. 178 Vandyck [væn’daık]

p. 178 Dorsetshire [‘do:sıtʃıǝ]

p. 181 Baron Arnheim [‘a:nhaım] p. 181 Corot [ko:’rзʊ]

p. 181 Penelope [pı’nelǝpı] p. 182 Boodle [‘bu:dl]

p. 185 Reginald [‘redƷınld]

p. 186 Tommy Ru ord [‘tɒmı ‘rɅfǝd]

p. 188 the Argen ne Canal [‘a:dƷǝntaın] p. 189 the Suiz Canal [‘su:ız]

p. 189 Panama [,pænǝ’ma:] p. 196 Claridge’s [‘klærıdƷız]

p. 207 Lord Woolcomb [‘wʊlkǝm] p. 210 Tenby [‘tenbı]

p. 212 Mr Tra ord [‘træfǝd] p. 216 Lord Merton [‘mɜ:tn] p. 217 Lambeth [‘læmbǝƟ] p. 219 Achilles [ǝ’kıli:z]

p. 222 Bath [ba:Ɵ]

p. 225 Lady Brancaster [‘brænkǝstǝ] p. 225 Shropshire [‘ʃrɒpʃıǝ]

p. 225 Langton [‘læƞtǝn]

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p. 225 Mrs Jekyll [‘dƷi:kıl] p. 226 Lady Bonar [‘bɒnǝ] p. 232 Adam [‘ædǝm]

p. 232 Inverness [,ınvǝ’nes] p. 234 Berkshire [‘ba:kʃıǝ]

p. 247 Lord Mortlake [‘mo:tleık] p. 257 Canning [‘kænıƞ]

p. 274 Downing Street [‘daʊnıƞ]

Act I

Ex. 1 Read the first act. Prepare to speak on the following. Use the below words and word combinations in brackets. Learn all the descriptions and reproduce them. Learn to quote Oscar Wilde.

1.How does the house characterize people? Describe Sir Robert Chiltern’s house in Grosvenor Square (an octagon room; a large eighteenth-century French tapestry; a music-room; reception-rooms; to be seated on a Louis Seize sofa; exquisite fragility; the affectation of manner).

2.What do you come to know about London High Society? Reproduce the conversation between Lady Basildon and Mrs Marchmont (tedious; to be educated; the level of the commercial classes; some serious purpose; to be trivial of smb; not in the smallest degree; martyrs; to become smb; to enter into conversation; to be known for smth).

3.Describe Mabel Chiltern and reproduce her conversation with Lord Caversham (English type of prettiness; fragrance; ripple; an expectant mouth; parted lips; the fascinating tyranny of youth; innocence; reminiscent; good- for-nothing; to lead an idle life; to dine out; to ride; to improve immensely; to be composed of smb).

4.What did Mrs Cheveley look like? Which of the proverbs would suit the purpose: “appearances are deceitful” or “the eyes are the mirror of the soul” judging by her looks and style? What characterizes the author’s attitude to her? (highly-coloured; a pallid face; aquiline; to accentuate smth; to move restlessly; an orchid; to make great demands of people’s curiosity; graceful; influence).

5.How did Mrs Chiltern meet Mrs Cheveley? What can you say about them both in this respect? (to bow distantly; a vague impression; detestable; to look forward to smth; to be much in common).

6.What did Sir Robert Chiltern look like? How does his appearance characterize him? How did he and Mrs Cheveley first meet? What can you say about Mrs Cheveley? (to die to know smb; to develop into a real friendship; the good conduct prize; to be rewarded for smth; to be punished for smth; appalling philosophy; to classify smb; to be analyzed; indiscreet; refuge; a noble career; a great nuisance).

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7.Describe Lord Goring. How does his appearance reflect his character? Reproduce his conversation with Mrs Cheveley and Mabel (a flawless dandy; to be annoyed; to be considered; to be on perfectly good terms; to be misunderstood; vantage; to be under control; to reflect every credit on smth; to plunge smb into smth; bad qualities; to delight in smth; absurd reasons).

8.The beginning of the blackmail. What can you say about Mrs Cheveley and Sir Robert Chiltern in this respect? (a great political and financial shame; a tedious subject; a splendid undertaking; a direct route to India; imperial value; a commonplace swindle; a daring speculation; to call things by their proper names; to enquire into the matter; to invest in smth very largely; to be mixed up in the affair; to do smb justice; not to be in a mood for smth; to talk business; dangerous; to withdraw the report; to be prejudiced or misinformed; the drawback; to be reasonable in one’s terms; indignantly; to lay the foundation of the fortune; contemptuously; to buy shares; to announce a purchase; to be in smb’s possession; to pass the bill; infamous; to be on the edge of the precipice; to make terms; “seven deadly virtues”; not to survive smth; in favour of smth; to give the newspapers the proofs; to play fairly; to consider the proposal; to consent; to come to an agreement).

9.The conversation between Lady Chiltern and her husband (in favour of the idea; a dead secret; to despise smb; to just by the past; to condemn smth; to compromise; to alter principles; to be vitally necessary; dishonourable; to drift apart; a scandalous scheme; irrevocable; a noble atmosphere).

Ex.2 Quote the aphorisms and paradoxes you like best. Comment on the following statements.

1.…I love London Society. I think it has immensely improved. It is entirely composed now of beautiful idiots and brilliant lunatics. Just what Society should be.

2.There is nothing like race, is there?

3.…now that the House of Commons is trying to become useful, it does a great deal of harm.

4.…everybody turns out to be somebody else.

5.…more women grow old nowadays through the faithfulness of their admirers than through anything else.

6.(being natural) …is such a difficult pose to keep up.

7.Men can be analyzed, women …merely adored.

8.Questions are never indiscreet. Answers sometimes are.

9.People are either hunting for husbands, or hiding from them.

10.…a woman’s curiosity is almost as great as a man’s.

11.…little things are so very difficult to do.

12.…he (Baron Arnheim) knew men and cities well, like the old Greek …without the dreadful disadvantage of having Penelope waiting at home for him.

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13.All reasons are absurd.

14.I love talking about nothing… It’s the only one thing I know anything about.

15.Nothing ages like happiness.

16.I adore political parties. They are the only place left to us where people don’t talk politics.

17.Our husbands never appreciate anything in us. We have to go to others for that.

18.My Reginald is quite hopelessly faultless. He is really unendurably so, at times.

19.I like looking at geniuses, and listening to beautiful people.

20.It is your splendid position that makes you vulnerable.

21.No man is rich enough to buy this past.

22.One should always play fairly when one has the winning cards.

23.I don’t call women of that kind clever. I call them stupid – same thing often.

24.One’s past is what one is. It’s the only way by which people should be judged.

25.Sooner or later in political life one has to be compromised.

26.Circumstances should never alter principles.

27.Money that comes from a tainted source is a degradation.

28.We women worship when we love, and when we lose worship, we lose everything.

Act II

Ex. 1 Read the second act. Prepare to speak on the following. Use the below words and word combinations in brackets. Learn all the descriptions of the characters and reproduce them. Learn to quote Oscar Wilde.

1. Reproduce the conversations between Lord Goring and Sir Robert Chiltern. What can you say about them both in this respect? (the height of fashion; to lounge in an armchair; mental excitement and distress; a necessary luxury; invariably; to have a wonderful instinct; obvious; a life-long separation; to worship; to stir love within smb; to alter one’s views; at the worst; dangerous; to be bound to do smth; to be engaged; the origin of smb’s fortune; to distract public attention; private information; to be ruined; a fault done in one’s boyhood; double misfortune; to place smb in the pillory; fair; a man of ambition; to fight with one’s own weapon; to worship wealth; to underrate smb; to succeed; to lose everything over a scandal; to be hounded from public life; at a great price; a scoundrel; subtle and refined intellect; a man of distinction; admiration for stupidity; a fascinating voice; the philosophy of power; to produce an effect on smb; luxury; power over the world; to be worth having; a shallow creed; freedom; ambition; to persuade; private information of real value; to be dazed

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