ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON TENSES

Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант.

1.Who ________ these scientists you ________ about?

a)has been, have been talking

b)will be, will talking

c)are, are talking

2.The presentation ________ in ten minutes on the fifth floor in Room 524.

a)starts

b)will start

c)is starting

3.Jeremy ________ an article but unfortunately he ________ it.

a)wrote, didn’t published

b)had written, didn’t publish

c)wrote, didn’t publish

4.I ________ Alice for ages and ________ him so proud of himself.

a)know, have never see

b)have know, never saw

c)have known, have never seen

5.What ________ on when I ________ on the door?

a)went, was knocking

b)was going, knocked

c)have been going, knocked

6.By 2006 she ________ to New York to study Chemistry at Saint Martin’s and later she ______ back again.

a)had moved, had came

b)had moved, came

c)moved, came

Задание 2. Напишите правильную грамматическую форму глагола write, которая бы сочеталась с временными маркерами каждого предложения.

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1.He ________ an article every month.

2.He ________ an article every month last year.

3.He ________ an article for three days.

4.He ________ an article yesterday morning.

5.He ________ an article in five days.

6.He ________ an article right now.

7.He ________ an article while his teammates were discussing this issue.

8.He ________ an article by the time the boss returned to work.

9.He ________ an article by the time the boss will return.

10.He ________ an article this time next week.

11.He ________ an article a few days ago.

12.(negative) He ________ an article since he started this project.

Задание 3. Исправьте ошибки.

1.Pollution is one of the most serious problems since last century.

2.In the past nobody was paying attention to this problem.

3.Many European countries try still to solve this problem today.

4.Before everyone realized the danger, pollution became a threat to the environment.

5.Every day some companies have been polluting the environment.

6.I hope the world is going to do its best to stop pollution.

7.Last week while I was watching the news I have heard that the EU leaders agree to take necessary measures.

8.By the next century people will do away with pollution.

Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык.

1.Что ты делаешь сейчас?

2.Что ты делаешь обычно по вечерам?

3.Что ты делал, когда я тебе позвонил вчера?

4.Что ты будешь делатьзавтра с 3 до 4?

5.Что ты делал вчера с 3 до 4?

6.Что делаешь с утра?

7.Я думаю, ты не будешь делать это завтра.

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GERUND AND INFINITIVE

Инфинитив – неопределенная форма глагола. Различают инфинитив с частицей to (to-infinitive) и голый инфинитив (bare infinitive).

Глаголы, требующие после себя инфинитив, включают в себя: agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, can/can’t afford, can/can’t wait, care, choose, claim, come, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hesitate, hope, hurry, incline, learn, manage, mean, need, neglect, offer, pay, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, remain, request, seem, swear, tend, turn out, wait, wish, would like и др.

Выделяют следующие функции инфинитива:

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От любого глагола в английком языке с помощью суффикса «ing» можно образовать особую глагольную форму – герундий, которая примерно соответствует русскому отглагольному существительному (хождение, рисование, измерение и т.п.)

Герундий употребляется в тех же функциях, чтои существительное, но отличается от него тем, что не может иметь артикля, левого определения, выраженного прилагательным, и множественного числа. Герундий, как и любая другая глагольная форма, может иметь дополнения и обстоятельства.

Глаголы, требующие после себя герундий, включают в себя: acknowledge, admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, be worth, can’t help, celebrate, confess, consider, defend, delay, detest, discuss, dislike, dispute, endure, enjoy, escape, evade, explain, fancy, fear, feel like, finish, forgive, give up (stop), keep (continue), mention, mind, miss, omit, permit, postpone, practise, prevent, recall, recommend, report, resent, resist, resume, risk, suggest, support, tolerate, understand, urge и др.

Выделяют следующие функции герундия:

2.Прямое дополнеHe finished washing the laboratory ware.

ние (часть сказуеОн закончил мыть лабораторную посуду. мого)

Спредлогом

3.Предложное доWe agreed to their coming to the library every

вбиблиотеку через день.

4.Определение (of) He rejected his colleague’s idea of taking part in

the discussion.

Он отверг мысль своего коллеги принять участие в дебатах.

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Помимо простых форм инфинитива и герундия, существуют следующие формы:

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•Формы инфинитива Present относятся к настоящему и будущему.

I’d like to take part in this conference.

•Формы инфинитива Present Continuous используются с глаголами appear, claim, seem, pretend, must, can’t, happen, should, would и др., чтобы описать действие, происходящее в

данный момент.

He must be working in the laboratory now.

•Формы инфинитива Perfect используются с глаголами appear, seem, pretend и модальными глаголами, чтобы показать, что действие инфинитива произошло до дейсвтия

глагола.

He claims to have finished the calculations.

•Формы инфинитива Perfect Continuous используются с глаголами appear, seem, pretend и модальными глаголами, чтобы сделать акцент на длительности действия, выраженного

инфинитивом, которое произошло до дейсвтия, выраженного основным глаголом.

She looks tired. She seems to have been working all morning.

• Формы герундия Present относятся к настоящему и будущему.

She enjoys working with new equipment.

• Формы герундия Perfect используются, чтобы показать, что действие, выраженное герундием произошло до действия основного глагола. Мы можем использовать формы герундия Present и Perfect взаимозаменяемо без изменения смысла.

He denied forgetting to turn the equipment off. = He denied having forgotten to turn the equipment off.

Сущетвуют глаголы, после которых можно использовать инфинитив и герундий, без изменения смысла: begin, can’t bear, can’t stand, continue, hate, like, love, prefer, propose, start.

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Также существуют глаголы, которые используются и с инфинитивом, и с герундием, но при этом менятся смысл высказывания. Вот некоторые из них:

Упражнение 48. Посмотрите, как производится замена придаточных предложений герундиальными конструкциями, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.a) I told him that she would bring the book soon.

b)I told him about her bringing the book soon.

2.a) The fact that he leaves indicates that he already knows the

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decition.

b)His leaving indicates that he already knows the decition.

3.a) We knew that Max went to see Peter every other day.

b)We knew of Max’s going to see Peter every other day.

Упражнение 49. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. They began with saying that they had to leave in October. 2. The teacher finished dictating a sentence and stood up to see who hadn’t finished writing it. 3. They spoke about the old professor’s plan of making the experiment at once. 4. Our engineers’ coming depends on many things. 5. Much speaking but no doing will not help her. 6. They haven’t studied this method of solving the problem yet. 7. He has finished studying. 8. After solidifying the substance changed its colour. 9. They will do it after returning. 10. Before coating the surface with a thin film they dried the former very well. 11. They knew about their engineer’s studying the problems facing them.

Упражнение 50. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитив.

1. The calculations for them to make now are difficult. 2. It is time to begin our meeting. 3. It is time for the laboratory assistant to make necessary measurements. 4. The experiment for them to perform will be very important. 5. The laboratory-ware for the students to use is here. 6. The figures to calculate before plotting the graph are still there on that engineer’s desk. 7. The mixture for them to use in carrying out the final experiment must be very hot. 8. It is useless to think that she will allow them to carry out that experiment without her checking the equipment first. 9. Nobody knew what to do with the new equipment that they had brought there from the laboratory. 10. We were all ready to begin our work, but Peter was late and we had to start working without him.

Упражнение 51. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме инфинитива или герундия.

1) Colin deserved (to win/winning) the prize for (writing/to write) that amazing article about (synthesizing/to synthesize) a new polymer. I don’t understand (his not receiving/him not to receive) the award.

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2)The Nobel prize winner avoids (to talk/talking) to the reporters and refuses (giving/to give) the interviews. Moreover, he has difficulty (giving/to give) speeches in front of the public and appears (to have/having) problems (to interact/interacting) with other people.

3)Andrew and Phillip discussed (going/to go) to the conference next week, but they had very different opinions about (choosing/to choose) the topic for their speech. Phillip defended (their presenting/them to present) this topic by (arguing/to argue) that such a conference is a once in a lifetime experience.

4)(Using/to use) a search engine (to look/looking) things up on the Internet is a skill that all students need (learning/to learn). That is why the government is urging (schools’ beginning/schools to begin) (to teach/teaching) basic computer skills. School also encourages (parents’ reinforcing/parents to reinforce) these skills at home by (surfing/to surf) the Internet together with their children.

Упражнение 52. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме инфинитива или герундия.

1)Remember (go) to the meeting, they are expecting you.

2)I don’t remember (see) these data before.

3)After he has written his first article, he went on (write) four more.

4)I regret (argue) with my colleague. I should apologise.

5)I regret (tell) you that you have failed the exam.

6)Doing well on this course means (study) very hard.

7)I’ve been trying (start) this equipment for hours.

8)Why don’t you try (change) the working mode?

9)He forgot (invite) one of his colleagues to the meeting.

10)I’ll never forget (graduate) from university.

11)He stopped (answer) the phone because it was his supervisor.

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