Exercise 7. For sentences 1‒6, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap. Use only 1 word in each gap.

(0)RESIST

(1)RESPONSE

(2)CHEMISTRY

(3)INSECT

(4)EFFECT

(5)USE

(6)VARY

The more chemical controls are used, the more resistant the insects and microbes become. According to Dr Robert Metcalf, professor of entomology at the University of Illinois, "Some strains of insects and microbes have appeared that are (0) RESISTANT to nearly everything in our arsenal. The short-sighted and (1) ________ use of antibiotics has produced monster bugs. And it's getting worse. Pests are now quicker to develop resistance to new (2) ________ weapons. The earliest (3)

________ like DDT were highly (4) ________ for many years. The (5)

________ of the latest (6) ________ is often measured in months."

Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words

1)Mining leads to loss of (пастбищные и плодородные) lands, soil erosion from waste dumps, sedimentation and siltation.

2)Mercury, chloride, nitrite, zinc, iron and cadmium have (неблагоприятный эффект) on crop productivity.

TEST 2

Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.

1.Glass and silica are not attacked by sulphuric acid of any strength.

2.There are a number of coloured substances, in a natural fibre that are changed to colourless products by reaction with oxygen. Many of these substances are not affected by atmospheric oxygen.

3.Complete precipitation is often ensured by the use of the common ion effect.

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4.A few of the uses of aluminium have already been referred to in the article published this month.

5.Ions, such as the hydronium ions, which are made up of several atoms held together by covalence, are known as radicals.

6.Platinum is attacked only slowly by fluorine.

7.Copper and steel can be used as containers for the gas; they are attacked by it, but become coated with a thin layer of copper fluoride or iron fluoride, which then protects them against further attack.

8.They were offered a very interesting work, which could result in a new discovery.

Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with the correct tenses.

1.By the time I (get) to the library, my groupmates (wait) for me for 10 minutes. I was embarrassed.

2.I (see) many photos of London sights before I went there.

3.My colleague (think) foreign languages (be) very important nowadays.

4.Right now I (do) my homework and my sister (watch) TV. Last night this time we (do) the same thing.

5.In the last few years traveling (become) much easier.

6.We needed some money so we (sell) our car.

7.“It (rain)?” – she always (ask) me.

8.I (fall) asleep yesterday when I (watch) TV.

Exercise 3. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Passive form of the verbs.

1.The conference was attended by many foreign scientists working in the field of nuclear physics.

2.They have been given the results of the tests carried out in our laboratory.

3.The agreement between these two relations can be reached if you examine the data thoroughly.

4.Once the distribution of gas velocities has been calculated, the final step is to determine the nature and extent of the separation of uranium isotopes in the gas.

5.The composition of the product is profoundly affected by addition of chlorine and hydrogen chloride.

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Exercise 4. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participles.

1.When solving a non-linear problem described by differential equation, we must first design the computing diagram of the machine.

2.When considering the stability of equilibrium, we should start from some definition and, using this, investigate the given system; the investigation might proceed in two ways.

3.The experiment spoken of is to be carried out again. 20. Substances thought of as radioactive should be treated carefully.

4.Some of the compounds involved have not been reported previously, additional data being reported in the appendix referred to in this report.

5.The results obtained for the analyses of a group of synthetic mixtures were as satisfactory as those obtained from other group methods.

6.All the processes described above take place more or less simultaneously, the hydrolysis of acetylchlorine resulting from a combined action of all the functional groups.

7.This indicates that the carbon dioxide evolved on heating results solely from the decomposition of carboxyl groups referred to earlier, one carboxyl group giving one mole of carbon dioxide.

Exercise 5. Match the beginning of the sentences in column A to their endings in column B and state the type of conditional.

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Exercise 6. Analyse the form and translate paying attention to use of the Passive and Infinitive constructions.

1.Hence, the Young's model appears to be too simple and needs to be modified to fit the present experimental findings.

2.He was always the first to take up the most difficult problems and to solve them.

3.One can hardly expect a true scientist to work in the limits of one narrow field.

4.To find the length of an object was a very difficult task and we had to carry out a lot of experiments.

5.Once the distribution of gas velocities has been calculated, the final step is to determine the nature and extent of the separation of uranium isotopes in the gas.

6.The only practical way to detect a slow neutron is to allow it to be absorbed by a nucleus.

7.To test the validity of these assumptions, we have to study the reactions of two representative nitrones.

Exercise 7. For sentences 1‒10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap. Use only 1 word in each gap.

(0)USUAL

(1)INTEND

(2)EQUIP

(3)OCCASION

(4)CREATE

(5)CHARITY

(6)PROFIT

(7)WORLD

(8)APPRAISE

(9)REAL

(10)SATISFY

It is not (0) UNUSUAL to make a hobby pay for itself even if initially you had no (1) of turning it into a business.

Depending upon the hobby, the necessary (2) ________ can be expensive and the idea of (3) ________ offering items up for sale can at the very least help pay for the hobby.

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