- •G. V. Romanova, A. R. Nurutdinova
- •ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
- •GRAMMAR
- •Tutorial
- •Упражнение 1. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
- •Упражнение 4. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
- •PRESENT SIMPLE или PRESENT CONTINUOUS?
- •3. I (enjoy/usually) business trips, but I (not/enjoy) this one very much.
- •4. “Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you.” “Ok, I (come).”
- •5. “(you/listen) to the radio?” “No, you can turn it off”.
- •6. “ (you/listen) to the radio every day?” “No, just occasionally.”
- •7. Rachel is in London at the moment. She (stay) at Hilton Hotel. She (stay/always) there when she’s in London.
- •8. I (finish/normally) at five, but this week I (work) until three because I need to prepare for the conference.
- •9. What (your sister/do)?
- •She is a laboratory assistant, but she (not/work) at the moment.
- •ФОРМЫ БУДУЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ
- •FUTURE SIMPLE
- •обозначает:
- •1. Julia is very good at languages. She (speak) four languages very well.
- •2. Liten to those people. What language (they/speak)?
- •1. “I won’t have time to go to the post office tomorrow.” – “Don’t worry. I (send) your mail for you.”
- •2. “Why do you want to go to the library so early in the morning?” – “I (choose) the books while it’s quiet and uncrowded.”
- •3. “I am having a lot of trouble in my statistics class.” – “Stop worrying. I (help) you.”
- •4. “What are you doing with the calculator?” – “I (do) some analysis of the latest data.”
- •5. “Why gave you bought all these maps?” – “We (drive) to the Lake District next month.”
- •1. As soon as the meeting (finish), we call Stanford University.
- •3. We don’t know if they (agree) to do this research together.
- •4. We will be able to finish by the end of June if they (agree) to do this research together.
- •5. Unless he (come) we (not/be able) to prepare the documents.
- •6. I doubt if everything (happen) as we expect.
- •7. After she (get) all necessary data, she (start) the calculations.
- •8. You (give) me this encyclopaedia when I (need) it?
- •2. “Have you decided about the course?” – “Yes, I decided last week. I ________ for a place.”
- •3. Mark ________ if his parents ________ him to borrow their car for the weekend.
- •4. “Do you mind not leaving your papers all over the table?” – “Oh, sorry. I’ll take them all with me when I ________ .”
- •5. When I ________ to this place next spring, all flowers ________ .
- •6. No problem. I ________ him your copy. I ________ him tomorrow at our meeting.
- •7. When ________ your research?
- •PAST SIMPLE
- •используется:
- •PAST SIMPLE или PAST CONTINUOUS?
- •USED TO DO, WOULD DO, BE/GET USED TO DOING
- •Упражнение 35. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •PRESENT PERFECT
- •PAST PERFECT
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON TENSES
- •Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •1. Who ________ these scientists you ________ about?
- •2. The presentation ________ in ten minutes on the fifth floor in Room 524.
- •3. Jeremy ________ an article but unfortunately he ________ it.
- •4. I ________ Alice for ages and ________ him so proud of himself.
- •5. What ________ on when I ________ on the door?
- •6. By 2006 she ________ to New York to study Chemistry at Saint Martin’s and later she ______ back again.
- •Задание 2. Напишите правильную грамматическую форму глагола write, которая бы сочеталась с временными маркерами каждого предложения.
- •Задание 3. Исправьте ошибки.
- •1. Pollution is one of the most serious problems since last century.
- •2. In the past nobody was paying attention to this problem.
- •3. Many European countries try still to solve this problem today.
- •4. Before everyone realized the danger, pollution became a threat to the environment.
- •5. Every day some companies have been polluting the environment.
- •6. I hope the world is going to do its best to stop pollution.
- •7. Last week while I was watching the news I have heard that the EU leaders agree to take necessary measures.
- •8. By the next century people will do away with pollution.
- •Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык.
- •1. Что ты делаешь сейчас?
- •2. Что ты делаешь обычно по вечерам?
- •3. Что ты делал, когда я тебе позвонил вчера?
- •4. Что ты будешь делатьзавтра с 3 до 4?
- •5. Что ты делал вчера с 3 до 4?
- •6. Что делаешь с утра?
- •7. Я думаю, ты не будешь делать это завтра.
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON GERUND AND INFINITIVE
- •Задание 1. Закончите предложения правильной формой выражения get a job.
- •Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •1. This simple test is not worth ________ .
- •2. Fred has decided ________ us.
- •3. You’d better ________ immediately.
- •4. Would you mind ________ that last sentence?
- •5. I need a book that is not difficult ________ .
- •6. I’d like ________ her an email straight away.
- •7. You should ________ listen to his advice.
- •8. She let us ________ the task the next day.
- •5. If Ted (be) more diligent, he (pass) the exam easily yesterday.
- •6. If we (recycle) waste, we (save) natural resources.
- •7. If you (see) another student cheating in an exam, you (tell) anyone?
- •8. If toxic chemicals (not/be dumped) into the lakes and rivers, many species (survive).
- •9. If we (cut) down all forests, the world climate (change).
- •0. If Kate had a car, she would have given you a lift yesterday. SECOND CONDITIONAL
- •“I WISH” CONSTRUCTION
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON COMPLEX SUBJECT
- •AND COMPLEX OBJECT
- •Выполните контрольный перевод следующих предложений, обращая внимание на обороты «сложное подлежащее» и «сложное дополнение».
- •1. The tests expected to be over were not finished yet.
- •2. We know the book likely to be brought by him for you to translate.
- •3. They asked the teacher who had just finished his lesson to repeat the experiment again for those who hadn’t seen it yet.
- •4. The mistake assumed to be insignificant was really great.
- •5. The professor made the assistant working in the laboratory check the results of the first three experiments.
- •6. The director ordered the engineer who had come in to tell him that the work hadn’t begun to start repairing the generator at once without wasting a minute.
- •7. The problem thought to have been solved appeared ansolvable.
- •8. The chief engineer considered the plan suggested by the workers to be very interesting.
- •9. The student believed to be working in that room has gone away without telling anybody about his leaving.
- •10. Everybody who read it found the paper published by Prof. Smith et al. to be of great scientific importance.
- •1. If I (meet) you before, my life (be) different now.
- •2. If you (leave) now, you (be) at home in two hours.
- •3. If I (know) how difficult the course was, I (not/take) it last year.
- •4. If you (order) now, we (give) you a discount.
- •Итак, wish используется:
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON CONDWITIONALS
- •AND “I WISH” CONSTRUCTION
- •Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, используя подходящую форму глагола.
- •The Earth after Humans
- •1. Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы у меня был ключ. Но ключа у меня нет.
- •2. Жаль, что мы не изучили эту тему в прошлом году, она нам пригодилась бы сейчас.
- •3. Роберт умеет решать такие уравнения, но ему бы хотелось решать их лучше.
- •4. Жаль, мне не к кому было обратиться за советом, когда мне было 16 лет.
- •5. Жаль, что он отказался от предложения работать с нами над этим проектом.
- •THE PAST PARTICIPLE / PARTICIPLE TWO
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON PARTICIPLE ONE
- •AND PARTICIPLE TWO
- •Задание 1. Выберите правильную форму причастия.
- •1. Tom is interested/interesting in organic chemistry.
- •2. The lecture was disappointed/disappointing. We expected it to be much better.
- •3. It was a really terrfied/terrifying experiment. Everyone was shocked/shocking.
- •4. I know the man taken/taking the photo.
- •5. The building located/locating in the centre is the library.
- •6. Do you easily get embarrassed/embarrassing?
- •7. It was an exhausted/exhausting competition.
- •8. The people in the nearby villages were worried/worrying by the continues alarmed/alarming rise in the river level.
- •Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастие I и причастие II.
- •1. The equation used to solve the problem was derived from probability theory.
- •2. The student reading that book is very diligent.
- •3. He hasn’t prepared a list of the materials required.
- •4. When substituted for steel the plastics saved a great deal of money.
- •5. Designing a new machine the engineer had to read a lot of books.
- •6. The reconstruction work performed increased the amount of power generated by this power station.
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON WORD FORMATION
- •Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова, руководствуясь принципами словообразования, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.
- •Future population
- •2. The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge (EXPAND) of the (GLOBE) population.
- •3. You may think it is (POSSIBLE) but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred trillion people.
- •4. The repoer says that the world’s population is likely to be (SIGNIFICANT) older.The average age will be fifty.
- •5. Almost a quarter of all the (INHABIT) of the planet will live in Africa.
- •6. (RESEARCH) think that India, China and the Unites States will continue to be countries with the (BIG) population.
- •REVISION TESTS
- •TEST 1
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words
- •TEST 2
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words.
- •TEST 3
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 7. Complete with the word that best fits the space.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words.
- •Galina Vladimirovna Romanova
- •Aida Rustamovna Nurutdinova
- •ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
- •GRAMMAR
- •Responsible for publishing Prof. N. Sh. Valeeva
Упражнение 28. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.
1. Patrick (not to be) here. He (to wash) the vessels. He (to wash) them every Thursday. 2. He (not to check) the emails tomorrow. 3. We (to see) a very good documentary last Sunday. 4. Your colleague (to call) you every day? 5. We (to make) a lot of money last year. 6. I (to spend) last summer preparing for TOEFL. 7. Where you (to spend) last weekend? 8. Where he (to spend) next weekend? 9. What your colleague (to do) now? - She (to surf) the Internet. 10.I (not to use) my computer yesterday. 11. Last week we (to go) to a very interesting meeting. 12. I (to meet) my friend yesterday. 13. I (to write) a letter to my cousin yesterday. 14. You (to write) a report tomorrow? 15. I (not to write) a report now. 16. Heather (to prepare) a marvellous report yesterday. 17. Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to university? - I (not to think) so.
PAST SIMPLE или PAST CONTINUOUS?
•Мы используем Past Continuous, чтобы описать действие или ситуацию, которая была в процессе в определенный момент в прошлом. I was working at seven o’clock last night.
•Мы часто используем Past Continuous, чтобы описать фоновые действия в истории. The sun was shining and I was walking along the High Street.
•Когда в процессе долгого действия (Past Continuous) происходит короткое (Past Simple), прерывающее его, мы используем when перед действием в Past Simple и while/when
перед действием в Past Continuous. When he arrived, I was working. My car broke down while/when I was driving home.
•Когда действия происходят одно за другим, мы используем
Past Simple. When Sam arrived, I cooked a meal. (=Sam arrived, and then I cooked a meal.)
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Мы формируем Past Continuous следующим образом:
I was working |
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I was not working |
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he was working |
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he was not working |
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she was working |
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she was not working |
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it was working |
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it was not working |
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we were working |
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we were not working |
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you were working |
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you were not working |
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they were working |
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they were not working |
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Was I working? |
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Yes, I was. |
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No, I wasn’t. |
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Was he working? |
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Yes, he was. |
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No, he wasn’t. |
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Was she working? |
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Yes, she was. |
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No, she wasn’t. |
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Was it working? |
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Yes, it was. |
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No, it wasn’t. |
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Were we working? |
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Yes, we were. |
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No, we weren’t. |
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Were you working? |
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Yes, you were. |
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No, you weren’t. |
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Were they working? |
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Yes, they were. |
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No, they weren’t. |
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Временные маркеры: |
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at six o’clock yesterday |
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the whole day |
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from 3 to 8 o’clock |
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at that moment |
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all day/night |
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while |
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all day long |
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Упражнение 29. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. Stefan (to analyze) test results at ten o'clock yesterday. 2. I (to turn) on this machine at nine o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to finish) my laboratory work at nine o'clock yesterday. 4. I (to write) a report at five o'clock yesterday. 5. He (to begin) to record test results at four o'clock yesterday. 6. She (to read) a magazine at four o'clock yesterday. 7. I (to meet) Damon at three o'clock yesterday. 8. When I (to come) to the library, Phoebe (to copy) the data from the magazine. 9. When I (to meet) Lorenzo, he (to go) to the library. 10. While I (to go) to the meeting, I (to see) street fight and (to call) the police. 11. They (to prepare) a report in the library yesterday. 12. They (to do) this experiment the whole morning yesterday. 13. I (to send) an email at eight o'clock in the morning yesterday. 14. We (to go) to the conference last month. 15. When the professor (to open) the door of the classroom, the students (to sit) at their desks. 16. He (to get) up at seven
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o'clock yesterday. 17. Father (to come) home at six o'clock yesterday. 18. I (to read) a book at six o'clock yesterday.
Упражнение 30. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1. I (to wash) the vessels after the laboratory work. 2. I (to wash) the vessels from six till seven yesterday. 3. She (to finish) translating the article at four o'clock yesterday. 4. At half past four yesterday we (to have) a meeting. 5. We (to work) the whole morning yesterday. 6. The lecturer (to give) a talk at three o'clock yesterday. 7. They (to go) to the library last Friday? 8. They (to translate) a difficult text yesterday. 9. I (to open) the window at six o'clock yesterday. 10. You (to go) to the meeting yesterday? 11.I (not to see) Rick last week. 12. When I (to open) the door, my friends (to do) an experiment. 13. When you (to begin) doing your homework yesterday? 14. We (to discuss) the latest news from three till four yesterday. 15. When I (to read) the newspaper yesterday, I (to find) an interesting article on GM compounds. 16. When you (to check) your emails yesterday? 17. I (to check) my emails at ten o'clock yesterday. 18. At half past ten yesterday I (to check) my emails.
Упражнение 31. Исправьте ошибки в предложениях.
1.The hotel were very quiet.
2.I was coming back from a trip to Arizona two weeks ago.
3.It was peaceful, and the bird were sing.
4.Isaw Sue in the theatre yesterday but she wasn’t see me.
5.I washed my hair when the phone rang.
6.When the lessons ended, we go to the library together.
7.You came not to the university yesterday.
8.You was not waving at us when we were waving at you. Why?
9.It taked ages to get to the city centre.
10.Did the temperature of the sample was lower than usual?
11.We tried to keep quiet because Ellen reading.
12.Last year I was buying this book for you.
13.Where yoy heard the news?
14.How long ago you learned about this program?
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15.When I heard the alarm, I was leaving the building immediately.
16.American scientists didn’t studied this phenomenon last year.
Упражнение 32. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Continuous или Past Continuous.
1.Where you (to be) yesterday? – I (to be) at th library the whole day.
2.What you (to do) at five o'clock yesterday? – I (to work) in the laboratory. 3. Caroline (to coordinate) maintenance efforts yesterday. When I (to come) to the department, somebody (to check) the equipment, two or three engineers (to monitor). 4. Many employers (to provide)
formal training to their workers. 5. This (not to be) a typical job path for plant operators. 6. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (to report) that the median wage for chemical plant operators (to be) $54,730 in 2013. 7. In large companies, new engineers (to receive) formal training in classrooms or seminars. 8. Yesterday I (to work) at my report from five till seven. 9. What she (to do) now? – She (to plan) the layout of new equipment.
USED TO DO, WOULD DO, BE/GET USED TO DOING
•Мы используем used to do и would do, чтобы говорить о привычках в прошлом (раньше делал, но перестал). I used to go jogging every morning until I hurt my knee. = I would go jogging every morning until I hurt my knee.
•Мы используем used to do с глаголами действия и состояния, а would do только с глаголами действия. She used to have long hair. (She would have long hair.)
•Мы используем be used to doing и get used to doing чтобы описать то, что кажется или становится привычным, потому что мы делали это прежде. We are used to getting up early. (=it is normal for us). You’ll soon get used to wearing glasses. (=it will become normal for you)
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