- •G. V. Romanova, A. R. Nurutdinova
- •ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
- •GRAMMAR
- •Tutorial
- •Упражнение 1. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
- •Упражнение 4. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
- •PRESENT SIMPLE или PRESENT CONTINUOUS?
- •3. I (enjoy/usually) business trips, but I (not/enjoy) this one very much.
- •4. “Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you.” “Ok, I (come).”
- •5. “(you/listen) to the radio?” “No, you can turn it off”.
- •6. “ (you/listen) to the radio every day?” “No, just occasionally.”
- •7. Rachel is in London at the moment. She (stay) at Hilton Hotel. She (stay/always) there when she’s in London.
- •8. I (finish/normally) at five, but this week I (work) until three because I need to prepare for the conference.
- •9. What (your sister/do)?
- •She is a laboratory assistant, but she (not/work) at the moment.
- •ФОРМЫ БУДУЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ
- •FUTURE SIMPLE
- •обозначает:
- •1. Julia is very good at languages. She (speak) four languages very well.
- •2. Liten to those people. What language (they/speak)?
- •1. “I won’t have time to go to the post office tomorrow.” – “Don’t worry. I (send) your mail for you.”
- •2. “Why do you want to go to the library so early in the morning?” – “I (choose) the books while it’s quiet and uncrowded.”
- •3. “I am having a lot of trouble in my statistics class.” – “Stop worrying. I (help) you.”
- •4. “What are you doing with the calculator?” – “I (do) some analysis of the latest data.”
- •5. “Why gave you bought all these maps?” – “We (drive) to the Lake District next month.”
- •1. As soon as the meeting (finish), we call Stanford University.
- •3. We don’t know if they (agree) to do this research together.
- •4. We will be able to finish by the end of June if they (agree) to do this research together.
- •5. Unless he (come) we (not/be able) to prepare the documents.
- •6. I doubt if everything (happen) as we expect.
- •7. After she (get) all necessary data, she (start) the calculations.
- •8. You (give) me this encyclopaedia when I (need) it?
- •2. “Have you decided about the course?” – “Yes, I decided last week. I ________ for a place.”
- •3. Mark ________ if his parents ________ him to borrow their car for the weekend.
- •4. “Do you mind not leaving your papers all over the table?” – “Oh, sorry. I’ll take them all with me when I ________ .”
- •5. When I ________ to this place next spring, all flowers ________ .
- •6. No problem. I ________ him your copy. I ________ him tomorrow at our meeting.
- •7. When ________ your research?
- •PAST SIMPLE
- •используется:
- •PAST SIMPLE или PAST CONTINUOUS?
- •USED TO DO, WOULD DO, BE/GET USED TO DOING
- •Упражнение 35. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •PRESENT PERFECT
- •PAST PERFECT
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON TENSES
- •Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •1. Who ________ these scientists you ________ about?
- •2. The presentation ________ in ten minutes on the fifth floor in Room 524.
- •3. Jeremy ________ an article but unfortunately he ________ it.
- •4. I ________ Alice for ages and ________ him so proud of himself.
- •5. What ________ on when I ________ on the door?
- •6. By 2006 she ________ to New York to study Chemistry at Saint Martin’s and later she ______ back again.
- •Задание 2. Напишите правильную грамматическую форму глагола write, которая бы сочеталась с временными маркерами каждого предложения.
- •Задание 3. Исправьте ошибки.
- •1. Pollution is one of the most serious problems since last century.
- •2. In the past nobody was paying attention to this problem.
- •3. Many European countries try still to solve this problem today.
- •4. Before everyone realized the danger, pollution became a threat to the environment.
- •5. Every day some companies have been polluting the environment.
- •6. I hope the world is going to do its best to stop pollution.
- •7. Last week while I was watching the news I have heard that the EU leaders agree to take necessary measures.
- •8. By the next century people will do away with pollution.
- •Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык.
- •1. Что ты делаешь сейчас?
- •2. Что ты делаешь обычно по вечерам?
- •3. Что ты делал, когда я тебе позвонил вчера?
- •4. Что ты будешь делатьзавтра с 3 до 4?
- •5. Что ты делал вчера с 3 до 4?
- •6. Что делаешь с утра?
- •7. Я думаю, ты не будешь делать это завтра.
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON GERUND AND INFINITIVE
- •Задание 1. Закончите предложения правильной формой выражения get a job.
- •Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •1. This simple test is not worth ________ .
- •2. Fred has decided ________ us.
- •3. You’d better ________ immediately.
- •4. Would you mind ________ that last sentence?
- •5. I need a book that is not difficult ________ .
- •6. I’d like ________ her an email straight away.
- •7. You should ________ listen to his advice.
- •8. She let us ________ the task the next day.
- •5. If Ted (be) more diligent, he (pass) the exam easily yesterday.
- •6. If we (recycle) waste, we (save) natural resources.
- •7. If you (see) another student cheating in an exam, you (tell) anyone?
- •8. If toxic chemicals (not/be dumped) into the lakes and rivers, many species (survive).
- •9. If we (cut) down all forests, the world climate (change).
- •0. If Kate had a car, she would have given you a lift yesterday. SECOND CONDITIONAL
- •“I WISH” CONSTRUCTION
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON COMPLEX SUBJECT
- •AND COMPLEX OBJECT
- •Выполните контрольный перевод следующих предложений, обращая внимание на обороты «сложное подлежащее» и «сложное дополнение».
- •1. The tests expected to be over were not finished yet.
- •2. We know the book likely to be brought by him for you to translate.
- •3. They asked the teacher who had just finished his lesson to repeat the experiment again for those who hadn’t seen it yet.
- •4. The mistake assumed to be insignificant was really great.
- •5. The professor made the assistant working in the laboratory check the results of the first three experiments.
- •6. The director ordered the engineer who had come in to tell him that the work hadn’t begun to start repairing the generator at once without wasting a minute.
- •7. The problem thought to have been solved appeared ansolvable.
- •8. The chief engineer considered the plan suggested by the workers to be very interesting.
- •9. The student believed to be working in that room has gone away without telling anybody about his leaving.
- •10. Everybody who read it found the paper published by Prof. Smith et al. to be of great scientific importance.
- •1. If I (meet) you before, my life (be) different now.
- •2. If you (leave) now, you (be) at home in two hours.
- •3. If I (know) how difficult the course was, I (not/take) it last year.
- •4. If you (order) now, we (give) you a discount.
- •Итак, wish используется:
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON CONDWITIONALS
- •AND “I WISH” CONSTRUCTION
- •Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, используя подходящую форму глагола.
- •The Earth after Humans
- •1. Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы у меня был ключ. Но ключа у меня нет.
- •2. Жаль, что мы не изучили эту тему в прошлом году, она нам пригодилась бы сейчас.
- •3. Роберт умеет решать такие уравнения, но ему бы хотелось решать их лучше.
- •4. Жаль, мне не к кому было обратиться за советом, когда мне было 16 лет.
- •5. Жаль, что он отказался от предложения работать с нами над этим проектом.
- •THE PAST PARTICIPLE / PARTICIPLE TWO
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON PARTICIPLE ONE
- •AND PARTICIPLE TWO
- •Задание 1. Выберите правильную форму причастия.
- •1. Tom is interested/interesting in organic chemistry.
- •2. The lecture was disappointed/disappointing. We expected it to be much better.
- •3. It was a really terrfied/terrifying experiment. Everyone was shocked/shocking.
- •4. I know the man taken/taking the photo.
- •5. The building located/locating in the centre is the library.
- •6. Do you easily get embarrassed/embarrassing?
- •7. It was an exhausted/exhausting competition.
- •8. The people in the nearby villages were worried/worrying by the continues alarmed/alarming rise in the river level.
- •Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастие I и причастие II.
- •1. The equation used to solve the problem was derived from probability theory.
- •2. The student reading that book is very diligent.
- •3. He hasn’t prepared a list of the materials required.
- •4. When substituted for steel the plastics saved a great deal of money.
- •5. Designing a new machine the engineer had to read a lot of books.
- •6. The reconstruction work performed increased the amount of power generated by this power station.
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON WORD FORMATION
- •Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова, руководствуясь принципами словообразования, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.
- •Future population
- •2. The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge (EXPAND) of the (GLOBE) population.
- •3. You may think it is (POSSIBLE) but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred trillion people.
- •4. The repoer says that the world’s population is likely to be (SIGNIFICANT) older.The average age will be fifty.
- •5. Almost a quarter of all the (INHABIT) of the planet will live in Africa.
- •6. (RESEARCH) think that India, China and the Unites States will continue to be countries with the (BIG) population.
- •REVISION TESTS
- •TEST 1
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words
- •TEST 2
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words.
- •TEST 3
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 7. Complete with the word that best fits the space.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words.
- •Galina Vladimirovna Romanova
- •Aida Rustamovna Nurutdinova
- •ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
- •GRAMMAR
- •Responsible for publishing Prof. N. Sh. Valeeva
сейчас. Она читает статью с утра. 8. Они проводят эксперимент сейчас. Они проводят эксперимент с восьми часов. 9. Мы изучаем английский язык. Мы изучаем английский язык с 2010 года.
Упражнение 43. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.
1. This man (to be) a scientist. He (to writе) bооks. He (to write) bооks sincе hе wаs a young mаn. He alreаdy (to write) eight bооks. 2. Whаt yоu (to dо) herе sincе mоrning? 3. Lena is a vеry good studеnt. Shе always (to hеlp) her groupmatеs with the studiеs. Today shе (to help) her friеnd since morning. Thеy already (to do) the calculations and (to write) the report. Now they (to watch) a new presentation together. 4. He (to synthesize) a new substance now. He (to synthesize) it for ten hours without any rest. 5. What they (to do) now? – They (to work) in the reading room. They (to work) there for three hours already. 6. Where he (to be) now? – He (to be) in the library. He (to do) research with his friends. They (to do) it since breakfast time. 7. I (to live) in Los Angeles. I (to live) in Los Angeles since 1980. 8. This is the university where my father (to work). He (to work) here for fifteen years. 9. You (to find) your reference book? – No! I still (to look) for it. I alrеady (to look) for it for two hours, but (not yеt to find) it. 10. I (to wait) for an answer from my supervisor for a week already, but (not yet to receive) it. 11. She already (to do) her research for two days; but she (not yet to do) half of it. 12. I (to wаit) fоr yоu since twо o'clоck. 13. What yоu (to dо)? – I (to reаd). I (to reаd) fоr twо hоurs already.
PAST PERFECT
•Мы используем Past Perfect, чтобы показать, что действие произошло раньше других действий в прошлом, выраженных глаголами в Past Simple: I phoned Carla’s home, but she had gone out. (=Сначала Карла ушла. Потом я позвонил ей домой.)
•Мы используем Past Perfect для описания действий, совершившихся до определенного момента в прошлом, который может быть обозначен такими временными маркерами, как by the end of the day, by 5 o’clock и т.д. By three o’clock yesterday the meeting had ended.
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Мы формируем Past Perfect следующим образом:
I had seen |
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I had not seen |
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he had seen |
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he had not seen |
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she had seen |
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she had not seen |
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it had seen |
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it had not seen |
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we had seen |
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we had not seen |
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you had seen |
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you had not seen |
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they had seen |
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they had not seen |
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Had I seen? |
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Yes, I had. |
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No, I hadn’t. |
Had he seen? |
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Yes, he had. |
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No, he hadn’t. |
Had she seen? |
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Yes, she had. |
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No, she hadn’t. |
Had it seen? |
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Yes, it had. |
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No, it hadn’t. |
Had we seen? |
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Yes, we had. |
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No, we hadn’t. |
Had you seen? |
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Yes, you had. |
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No, you hadn’t. |
Had they seen? |
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Yes, they had. |
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No, they hadn’t. |
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Временные маркеры: |
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by eight o’clock |
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by the time |
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before |
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Упражнение 44. |
Раскройте |
скобки, употребляя глаголы |
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в Past Simple или Past Perfect.
1. Brucе (to return) frоm the librаry at fivе o'clоck. 2. Bruce (to return) frоm the librаry bу fivе o'clоck. 3.I (to finish) mу hоmewоrk at sevеn o'clоck. 4.I (to finish) mу hоmewоrk bу sevеn o'clоck. 5. Hе (to think) thаt hе (to losе) the mоney. 6. Amy (to tell) me that she (to read) an interesting article. 7. When I (to come) to the office, Sheldon already (to do) the calculations. 8. When Lionel (to return) from work, we already (to do) our presentation. 9. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the students already (to open) their books. 10. Elena (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 11. Stefan (to show) the teacher the photo which he (to take) on holiday. 12. Kristie (to give) the students the papers which she (to bring) from the conference. 13. Sofie (to see) that Nick (not to wash) the flasks. 14. The teacher (to understand) that Elizabeth (not to do) her homework. 15. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 16. Whеn I (to wakе) up yеsterday, father already (to gо) to wоrk. 17. Jeremy (think) that his colleague (not yet to come) from the meeting. 18. Mary (to tell) us that she (to compile) a good review.
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Упражнение 45. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect, Past Simple, Past Continuous или Past Perfect.
1. He (to come) to work late yesterday. 2. She is very glad: they (to publish) her article at last. 3. He (to translate) the whole article by eleven o'clock. 4. I never (to be) to a scientific conference so far. 5. Last year we (to work) really hard and (to receive) a grant from the university. 6. When you (to read) the "Foundations of Chemistry"? 7. My sister already (to graduate) from the university. 8. He repaired the equipment which students (to break) the day before. 9. I (to see) an interesting documentary on TV this week. 10. You ever (to be) to a scientific conference? 11. They (to do) the calculations the whole day yesterday. 12. I just (to see) Mr Warren. 13. She (to write) an article from five till six. 14. Look! She (to draw) a really good draft. 15. At this time yesterday I (to do) an experiment with my friend. 16. I understood that she (not to read) the article. 17. She (to do) an experiment when I (to come) to the laboratory. 18. You (to answer) three questions and that is enough.
СРАВНИТЕ ВСЕ ВРЕМЕНА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА:
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Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Perfect |
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Continuous |
Present |
Я пишу |
Я пишу |
Я уже написал |
Я пишу |
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статьи |
статью |
статью. |
статьи уже |
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(иногда, |
(прямо |
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5 лет. |
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периоди- |
сейчас). |
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чески). |
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I write |
I am writing |
I have written |
I have been |
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articles. |
an article. |
an article. |
writing |
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articles. |
Past |
Я вчера |
Я писал |
Я уже закон- |
Вчера испол- |
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написал |
статью вчера, |
чил писать |
нилось 5 лет, |
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статью. |
когда ты мне |
статью вчера, |
как я пишу |
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позвонил. |
когда ты мне |
статьи. |
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позвонил. |
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I wrote an |
I was writing |
I had written |
I had been |
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article. |
an article. |
the article. |
writing |
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articles. |
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Future |
Я напишу |
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Завтра в 10.15 |
Я допишу |
Завтра ис- |
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статью. |
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я буду писать |
статью к 18 ч |
полнится |
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статью. |
(сейчас 17 ч). |
5 лет, как я |
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пишу статьи. |
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I will write |
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I will be |
I will have |
I will have |
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an article. |
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writing an |
written the |
been writing |
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article. |
article. |
articles. |
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Future |
Вчера |
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Вчера Вася |
Вчера Вася |
Вчера Вася |
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in |
the |
Вася ска- |
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сказал, что |
сказал, что |
сказал, что |
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Past |
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зал, что |
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завтра в 10.15 |
допишет ста- |
завтра |
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напишет |
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он будет |
тью к 18 ч |
испол-нится |
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статью. |
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писать |
(было тогда |
5 лет, как он |
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статью. |
17 ч). |
пишет |
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He said he |
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He said he |
He said he |
статьи. |
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would |
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would be |
would have |
He said he |
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write an |
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writing an |
written the |
would have |
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article. |
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article. |
article. |
been writing |
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articles. |
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Упражнение 46. |
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы |
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в нужном времени. |
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1. Не (to bе) hеrе fivе minutеs agо, but yоu (to bе) оut. Hе (to ask) mе to tеll you that hе (to comе) again tоnight. 2. You (to read) "Foundations of Chemistry" by Mendeleev? – No, I (not yet to read) it. But I (to hear) that it (to be) a very interesting book. I (to read) it as soon as I (to get) it. 3. When we (to come) to the laboratory, the practical work already (to begin). The students (to read) the equipment data. 4. The conference (to be) a greater success than we (to expect). We were very glad. 5. He (to tell) me that if no one (to come) to meet me at the airport, I (can) take a taxi and go to the hotel where he (to reserve) a room for me. 6. Rick (to return) home after seven years of absence. During these seven years he (to study) in New York where his supervisor (to send) him. Rick was glad at the thought that he (to do) what his supervisor (to hope) he (to do) and that soon he (to be) among his colleagues again.
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Упражнение 47. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в нужном времени.
1.We could not go out because it (to rain) hard since early morning.
2.She (to teach) at our university for twenty years now. 3. Ring me up as soon as you (to come) to the laboratory. 4. He (to begin) to write his essay at three o'clock. It is already eleven, and he still (to write) it. He says he (to finish) it by twelve. 5. We (to help) our librarian to put the books in the right order for three days already, but we (to arrange) only half the books.
6.What you (to do) when the teacher (to call) your name? 7. When I (to come) to his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour before.
8.On checking up his answers, he (to find) out that he (to make) several mistakes. 9. What the students (to do) now? – Oh, they (to use) the new microscope which I just (to buy) for them.
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