- •G. V. Romanova, A. R. Nurutdinova
- •ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
- •GRAMMAR
- •Tutorial
- •Упражнение 1. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
- •Упражнение 4. Вставьте глагол to be в Present Simple.
- •PRESENT SIMPLE или PRESENT CONTINUOUS?
- •3. I (enjoy/usually) business trips, but I (not/enjoy) this one very much.
- •4. “Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you.” “Ok, I (come).”
- •5. “(you/listen) to the radio?” “No, you can turn it off”.
- •6. “ (you/listen) to the radio every day?” “No, just occasionally.”
- •7. Rachel is in London at the moment. She (stay) at Hilton Hotel. She (stay/always) there when she’s in London.
- •8. I (finish/normally) at five, but this week I (work) until three because I need to prepare for the conference.
- •9. What (your sister/do)?
- •She is a laboratory assistant, but she (not/work) at the moment.
- •ФОРМЫ БУДУЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ
- •FUTURE SIMPLE
- •обозначает:
- •1. Julia is very good at languages. She (speak) four languages very well.
- •2. Liten to those people. What language (they/speak)?
- •1. “I won’t have time to go to the post office tomorrow.” – “Don’t worry. I (send) your mail for you.”
- •2. “Why do you want to go to the library so early in the morning?” – “I (choose) the books while it’s quiet and uncrowded.”
- •3. “I am having a lot of trouble in my statistics class.” – “Stop worrying. I (help) you.”
- •4. “What are you doing with the calculator?” – “I (do) some analysis of the latest data.”
- •5. “Why gave you bought all these maps?” – “We (drive) to the Lake District next month.”
- •1. As soon as the meeting (finish), we call Stanford University.
- •3. We don’t know if they (agree) to do this research together.
- •4. We will be able to finish by the end of June if they (agree) to do this research together.
- •5. Unless he (come) we (not/be able) to prepare the documents.
- •6. I doubt if everything (happen) as we expect.
- •7. After she (get) all necessary data, she (start) the calculations.
- •8. You (give) me this encyclopaedia when I (need) it?
- •2. “Have you decided about the course?” – “Yes, I decided last week. I ________ for a place.”
- •3. Mark ________ if his parents ________ him to borrow their car for the weekend.
- •4. “Do you mind not leaving your papers all over the table?” – “Oh, sorry. I’ll take them all with me when I ________ .”
- •5. When I ________ to this place next spring, all flowers ________ .
- •6. No problem. I ________ him your copy. I ________ him tomorrow at our meeting.
- •7. When ________ your research?
- •PAST SIMPLE
- •используется:
- •PAST SIMPLE или PAST CONTINUOUS?
- •USED TO DO, WOULD DO, BE/GET USED TO DOING
- •Упражнение 35. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •PRESENT PERFECT
- •PAST PERFECT
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON TENSES
- •Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •1. Who ________ these scientists you ________ about?
- •2. The presentation ________ in ten minutes on the fifth floor in Room 524.
- •3. Jeremy ________ an article but unfortunately he ________ it.
- •4. I ________ Alice for ages and ________ him so proud of himself.
- •5. What ________ on when I ________ on the door?
- •6. By 2006 she ________ to New York to study Chemistry at Saint Martin’s and later she ______ back again.
- •Задание 2. Напишите правильную грамматическую форму глагола write, которая бы сочеталась с временными маркерами каждого предложения.
- •Задание 3. Исправьте ошибки.
- •1. Pollution is one of the most serious problems since last century.
- •2. In the past nobody was paying attention to this problem.
- •3. Many European countries try still to solve this problem today.
- •4. Before everyone realized the danger, pollution became a threat to the environment.
- •5. Every day some companies have been polluting the environment.
- •6. I hope the world is going to do its best to stop pollution.
- •7. Last week while I was watching the news I have heard that the EU leaders agree to take necessary measures.
- •8. By the next century people will do away with pollution.
- •Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык.
- •1. Что ты делаешь сейчас?
- •2. Что ты делаешь обычно по вечерам?
- •3. Что ты делал, когда я тебе позвонил вчера?
- •4. Что ты будешь делатьзавтра с 3 до 4?
- •5. Что ты делал вчера с 3 до 4?
- •6. Что делаешь с утра?
- •7. Я думаю, ты не будешь делать это завтра.
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON GERUND AND INFINITIVE
- •Задание 1. Закончите предложения правильной формой выражения get a job.
- •Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант.
- •1. This simple test is not worth ________ .
- •2. Fred has decided ________ us.
- •3. You’d better ________ immediately.
- •4. Would you mind ________ that last sentence?
- •5. I need a book that is not difficult ________ .
- •6. I’d like ________ her an email straight away.
- •7. You should ________ listen to his advice.
- •8. She let us ________ the task the next day.
- •5. If Ted (be) more diligent, he (pass) the exam easily yesterday.
- •6. If we (recycle) waste, we (save) natural resources.
- •7. If you (see) another student cheating in an exam, you (tell) anyone?
- •8. If toxic chemicals (not/be dumped) into the lakes and rivers, many species (survive).
- •9. If we (cut) down all forests, the world climate (change).
- •0. If Kate had a car, she would have given you a lift yesterday. SECOND CONDITIONAL
- •“I WISH” CONSTRUCTION
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON COMPLEX SUBJECT
- •AND COMPLEX OBJECT
- •Выполните контрольный перевод следующих предложений, обращая внимание на обороты «сложное подлежащее» и «сложное дополнение».
- •1. The tests expected to be over were not finished yet.
- •2. We know the book likely to be brought by him for you to translate.
- •3. They asked the teacher who had just finished his lesson to repeat the experiment again for those who hadn’t seen it yet.
- •4. The mistake assumed to be insignificant was really great.
- •5. The professor made the assistant working in the laboratory check the results of the first three experiments.
- •6. The director ordered the engineer who had come in to tell him that the work hadn’t begun to start repairing the generator at once without wasting a minute.
- •7. The problem thought to have been solved appeared ansolvable.
- •8. The chief engineer considered the plan suggested by the workers to be very interesting.
- •9. The student believed to be working in that room has gone away without telling anybody about his leaving.
- •10. Everybody who read it found the paper published by Prof. Smith et al. to be of great scientific importance.
- •1. If I (meet) you before, my life (be) different now.
- •2. If you (leave) now, you (be) at home in two hours.
- •3. If I (know) how difficult the course was, I (not/take) it last year.
- •4. If you (order) now, we (give) you a discount.
- •Итак, wish используется:
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON CONDWITIONALS
- •AND “I WISH” CONSTRUCTION
- •Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, используя подходящую форму глагола.
- •The Earth after Humans
- •1. Как бы мне хотелось, чтобы у меня был ключ. Но ключа у меня нет.
- •2. Жаль, что мы не изучили эту тему в прошлом году, она нам пригодилась бы сейчас.
- •3. Роберт умеет решать такие уравнения, но ему бы хотелось решать их лучше.
- •4. Жаль, мне не к кому было обратиться за советом, когда мне было 16 лет.
- •5. Жаль, что он отказался от предложения работать с нами над этим проектом.
- •THE PAST PARTICIPLE / PARTICIPLE TWO
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON PARTICIPLE ONE
- •AND PARTICIPLE TWO
- •Задание 1. Выберите правильную форму причастия.
- •1. Tom is interested/interesting in organic chemistry.
- •2. The lecture was disappointed/disappointing. We expected it to be much better.
- •3. It was a really terrfied/terrifying experiment. Everyone was shocked/shocking.
- •4. I know the man taken/taking the photo.
- •5. The building located/locating in the centre is the library.
- •6. Do you easily get embarrassed/embarrassing?
- •7. It was an exhausted/exhausting competition.
- •8. The people in the nearby villages were worried/worrying by the continues alarmed/alarming rise in the river level.
- •Задание 2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастие I и причастие II.
- •1. The equation used to solve the problem was derived from probability theory.
- •2. The student reading that book is very diligent.
- •3. He hasn’t prepared a list of the materials required.
- •4. When substituted for steel the plastics saved a great deal of money.
- •5. Designing a new machine the engineer had to read a lot of books.
- •6. The reconstruction work performed increased the amount of power generated by this power station.
- •ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON WORD FORMATION
- •Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами, однокоренные слова, руководствуясь принципами словообразования, так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.
- •Future population
- •2. The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge (EXPAND) of the (GLOBE) population.
- •3. You may think it is (POSSIBLE) but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred trillion people.
- •4. The repoer says that the world’s population is likely to be (SIGNIFICANT) older.The average age will be fifty.
- •5. Almost a quarter of all the (INHABIT) of the planet will live in Africa.
- •6. (RESEARCH) think that India, China and the Unites States will continue to be countries with the (BIG) population.
- •REVISION TESTS
- •TEST 1
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words
- •TEST 2
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words.
- •TEST 3
- •Exercise 1. State the tense form of the Passive construction.
- •Exercise 7. Complete with the word that best fits the space.
- •Exercise 8. Complete the sentences translating the Russian words.
- •Galina Vladimirovna Romanova
- •Aida Rustamovna Nurutdinova
- •ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
- •GRAMMAR
- •Responsible for publishing Prof. N. Sh. Valeeva
ACHIEVEMENT TEST ON COMPLEX SUBJECT
AND COMPLEX OBJECT
Выполните контрольный перевод следующих предложений, обращая внимание на обороты «сложное подлежащее» и «сложное дополнение».
1.The tests expected to be over were not finished yet.
2.We know the book likely to be brought by him for you to translate.
3.They asked the teacher who had just finished his lesson to repeat the experiment again for those who hadn’t seen it yet.
4.The mistake assumed to be insignificant was really great.
5.The professor made the assistant working in the laboratory check the results of the first three experiments.
6.The director ordered the engineer who had come in to tell him that the work hadn’t begun to start repairing the generator at once without wasting a minute.
7.The problem thought to have been solved appeared ansolvable.
8.The chief engineer considered the plan suggested by the workers to be very interesting.
9.The student believed to be working in that room has gone away without telling anybody about his leaving.
10.Everybody who read it found the paper published by Prof. Smith et al. to be of great scientific importance.
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CONDITIONALS
Существует три типа условных предложений (Conditional sentences):
•FIRST CONDITIONAL
условие относится к настоящему или будущему и является реальным.
If you apply for this conference, you will have a chance to present your data to the best scientists.
•SECOND CONDITIONAL
условие относится к настоящему или будущему, но является нереальным или маловероятным.
If you applied for this conference, you would have a chance to present your data to the best scientists.
• THIRD CONDITIONAL
условие относится к прошлому.
If you had applied for this conference, you would have had a chance to present your data to the best scientists.
Встречаются смешанные типы условных предложений:
–когда условие относится к настоящему (вообще), а результат этого находится в прошлом
If he were a more accurate scientist, he wouldn’t have published an article with mistakes in calculations.
–когда условие в прошлом, а результат – в настоящем или будущем
If he had checked the calculations carefully before publishing, he wouldn’t be accused of being inaccurate now.
Упражнение 59. Раскройте скобки.
1.If I (meet) you before, my life (be) different now.
2.If you (leave) now, you (be) at home in two hours.
3.If I (know) how difficult the course was, I (not/take) it last year.
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4.If you (order) now, we (give) you a discount.
5.If Ted (be) more diligent, he (pass) the exam easily yesterday.
6.If we (recycle) waste, we (save) natural resources.
7.If you (see) another student cheating in an exam, you (tell) anyone?
8.If toxic chemicals (not/be dumped) into the lakes and rivers, many species (survive).
9.If we (cut) down all forests, the world climate (change).
10.If she (be) better-qualified, she (receive) that job.
Упражнение 60. Соотнесите начало предложений с их окончаниями и соедините их при помощи if. Укажите тип условного предложения.
0. If Kate had a car, |
we will pass the exam. |
1.If she were not so absent-minded, |
he could help us. |
2.If I were you, |
she would have given you a lift |
|
yesterday. |
3.If we continue to pollute our |
you wouldn’t have asked this |
planet, |
question. |
4.If we work hard, |
future geberations will suffer. |
5.If you had looked up the |
she wouldn’t have forgotten about |
informaion of Chapter 5, |
the meeting yesterday. |
6. If my colleague were here now, |
I wouldn’t complaon about it. |
0. If Kate had a car, she would have given you a lift yesterday. SECOND CONDITIONAL
1. ......
2. ……
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“I WISH” CONSTRUCTION
Wish используется, когда речь идет о желаниях, как правило, нереальных – в настоящем и прошлом. После wish нельзя использовать глагол в настоящем времени.
«Я хотел бы, чтобы это было так» (но это не так).
1)Если речь идет о настоящем времени, то после wish употребляется глагол в Past Simple.
Пример:
–I wish I had my own office now. — Я хотел бы, чтобы у меня был свой кабинет. (Но, увы, у меня нет своего кабинета)
–I wish I were an astrophysicint. — Я хотел бы быть астрофизиком.
(Я не астрофизик пока что)
Примечание. После wish можно использовать were или was.
2)Если речь идет о прошлом, то после wish употребляется глагол в Past Perfect. Обычно это выражает сожаление о том, что произошло в прошлом. Т.е это фразы типа: «Лучше
бы я тогда (в прошлом) поступил иначе!», «Ах, как бы я хотел, чтобы это произошло по-другому!»
Пример:
–I wish they had come yesterday. (Как бы я хотел, чтобы они пришли вчера.) (Но они не пришли, этого не произошло)
3)Конструкция wish … would используется, когда мы хотим,
чтобы что-то изменилось, или когда хотим от кого-то, чтобы он что-то сделал, изменил свое поведение.
Пример:
–I wish you would do something instead of just sitting and whining. —
Лучше бы ты сделал что-то, вместо того чтобы просто сидеть и хныкать.
–She wishes it would stop raining. — Она хотела бы, чтобы дождь прекратился.
4)Для выражения возможности или способности после wish используйте could для настоящего времени, а could + have +
Verb in Past Participle — для прошлого времени.
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