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<<< < Предыдущая 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 9293 / 9393

I Index

Page numbers in bold refer to monographs.

13-hydroxyballonigrinolide, 358

abdominal cramps, 51, 52 abdominal pains, 51, 271 abietanes, 30, 31 abortifacient activity

aloes, 52 aniseed, 59

chamomile, Roman, 157 cohosh, blue, 181 feverfew, 266

garlic, 286 ginger, 297

horehound, white, 362 hydrocotyle, 373 juniper, 387

liferoot, 408 nettle, 454 pennyroyal, 470 pokeroot, 480

shepherd's purse, 542 squill, 548

vervain, 592 yarrow, 606

abscess treatment, 545 acacetin rhamnoside, 268

Acanthopanax senticosus, 315 acetic acid, 102, 169 acetovanillochromene, 382 7-a-acetoxymarrubiin, 358 acetylcholine, 452, 541

antagonist, 92 inhibited release, 38

acetylenes, 153, 604 acetylenic amide, 218

Achillea collina, 604 Achillea lanulosa, 604 Achillea millefolium, 604 achillicin, 604

acid constituents apricot, 61 artichoke, 67 blue flag, 87 bogbean, 89 borage, 96 burdock, 102 centaury, 149 clivers, 164 coltsfoot, 185 cranberry, 197

dandelion, 204, 205 eyebright, 256 figwort, 268 fumitory, 276

Jamaica dogwood, 379 juniper, 386

lime flower, 409 nettle, 452 plantain, 474 sage, 512 senega, 533

acidic urine, 199, 577 acne, 274

Aconitum spp., 8 Acoraceae, 118

Acorus calamus, 118 Actaea monogyna, 168 Actaea racemosa, 168 actein, 168, 170 acteoside, 208

adaptogenic properties, 318, 501, 502 adrenal cortical activity, 126 adrenocorticosteroids, 52

senna and, 539 adulteration, 8, 10 adverse effects

examples, see Introduction, Table 1 potential, see Introduction, Table 2

Aeromonas, 283 Aeschrion excelsa, 491 aescin, 363, 365 aesculentic acid, 479 aesculetin, 363, 367 aesculin, 363, 367 Aesculus, 363

Aesculus hippocastanum, 363 African Myrrh, 449 afterbirth elimination, 531

Agathosma betulina, 100 agglutinating activity

mistletoe, 439 Agni Casti, 36 Agnus Castus, 36 agnuside, 36, 37 Agrimonia, 42

Agrimonia eupatoria, 42, 43 agrimoniin, 31, 43 Agrimony, 42

agropyrene, 193 Agropyron, 193

Agropyron repens, 193 Ague Tree, 518

Ajo, 279 ajoene, 279, 280 ajugol, 447 ajugoside, 447

akuammigine, 133 alanine, 268, 371, 409, 474 Alant, 240

alant camphor, 240 alantolactone, 240 albumen, 77

Alchemilla arvensis, 459 alcoholic liver disease, 432 alcoholism, 253

alcohols, 294

absorption inhibition, 534 metabolism, 51

aldehydes, 102, 247, 256, 294, 425 Alder Buckthorn, 270 Alexandrian Senna, 537

Alfalfa, 45

alfalfa top saponins (ATS), 47 alginic acid, 273, 274 aliphatic alcohols, 390

alkaloid-containing ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 15

alkaloids, 29, 218 kava, 390

alkamides, 218, 219, 220, 221 alkanes, 149, 164, 249, 409 alkenes, 218

allantoin, 188, 191

allergenic herbal ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 11

allergic reactions kava, 397

allergic rhinitis, 108, 112, 243 All-Heal, 580

Alliaceae, 279

allicin, 279, 280, 281, 283, 284 alliin, 279, 280, 281

allinase, 279, 280 Allium, 279

Allium sativum, 279 alloxanthoxyletin, 484 allyl isothiocyanate, 542 S-allyl-L-cysteine, 281 allylpropyl disulfide, 279

allyltetramethoxybenzene, 457

Aloe africana, 48

Aloe barbadensis, 48, 50 Aloe ferox, 50

Aloe gel, 48 Aloe Vera, 48

Aloe vera, 48, 50 aloe-emodin, 506, 608 aloenins, 51

Aloes, 50 aloesins, 50, 51 aloinosides, 50, 51 aloins, 50, 51 alopecia

treatment, 526

Aloysia citriodora, 405 Aloysia triphylla, 405 Altamisa, 263 Althaea, 418

Althaea kragujevacensis, 418 Althaea officinalis, 418 Althaea taurinensis, 418

Alzheimer's disease, 253, 303, 513 amarogentin, 290

amenorrhoea, 180, 258, 414 treatment, 407

amentoflavone, 299, 300, 386 American Elder, 237 American Ginseng, 325

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), 20 American Valerian, 403

amides, 486 kava, 390

amine-containing ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 15

amino acid constituents alfalfa, 45

arnica, 64 broom, 98

chamomile, German, 152 chaparral, 159

690

		Index	691
eyebright, 256	echinacea, 219, 222	anti-inflammatory ingredients, see Appendix 2,		I
fenugreek, 260	elecampane, 240	Table 13
figwort, 268	ephedra, 244	antileukaemic activity, 486
ginkgo, 299	eucalyptus, 248	antimalarials, 429
ground ivy, 342	euphorbia, 250	antimicrobial activity
hydrocotyle, 371	ginseng, eleutherococcus, 318	agnus castus, 38
lime flower, 409	holy thistle, 352	aniseed, 58
plantain, 474	hops, 355	arnica, 65
yarrow, 604	horehound, black, 359	bloodroot, 85
amoebicidals, 160, 492	quassia, 492	burdock, 103
amygdalin, 29, 61, 62	scullcap, 531	cassia, 130
amyrin(s), 30, 31, 237, 249, 411, 482, 489, 572, 596	shepherd's purse, 542	celandine, greater, 141
anacardic acid, 303	thyme, 575	chamomile, German, 153
anaemia treatment, 238	yarrow, 605	chaparral, 160
anaesthetics, 49, 163	yellow dock, 609	cinnamon, 162
anagyrine, 180	antibiotic activity, 475	drosera, 215
analgesic activity, 139, 172, 189, 209, 450, 575, 599	anticarcinogenic activity	ephedra, 244
kava, 393	bilberry, 80	feverfew, 265
analphylactic reactions, 377	cat's claw, 132	garlic, 280, 283, 285
anaphylactic reactions, 147, 154, 157, 444	celandine, greater, 139, 142	ginger, 294, 295
andrenocorticosteroids	cranberry, 198	golden seal, 338
cascara and, 129	garlic, 282, 285	guaiacum, 345
Anemone patens, 489	ginger, 294, 295	holy thistle, 353
Anemone pratensis, 489	ginseng, eleutherococcus, 319	Java tea, 383
Anemone pulsatilla, 489	Jamaica dogwood, 380	liquorice, 413
anemonin, 472, 473, 489, 490	milk thistle, 432	marshmallow, 419
anethole, 58, 411, 518	mistletoe, 438, 440	melissa, 426
angelic acid esters, 156	rhodiola, 503	mistletoe, 440
Angelica, 53	anticatarrhal effects, 237, 256	passionflower, 465
Angelica archangelica, 53	anticholinesterase activity, 513	prickly ash, Southern, 486
Angelica sinensis, 54, 55	anticoagulant ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 5	rosemary, 509
Angelicae Radix, 53	anticoagulant therapy	sage, 513
angelicin, 53	garlic and, 286	St John's wort, 553
angiogenic activity, 122	ginkgo and, 311	uva-ursi, 578
anisaldehyde, 57	ginseng, eleutherococcus and, 322	antimutagenic effects, 132, 133, 150, 503
Anise, 57	ginseng, panax, and, 333	antinociceptive properties, 264
Aniseed, 57	anticonvulsant effect, 58, 119, 338, 463, 464, 594	anti-oedema effects, 363, 524
Anisi Fructus, 57	kava, 392	anti-oestrogenic activity, 172, 412
Anisum, 57	antidepressant(s), 183, 303, 555	antioxidant activity
Anisum officinarum, 57	St John's wort, 551	artichoke, 69
Anisum vulgare, 57	antidepressants	cat's claw, 132
anodyne, 167	sexual dysfunction and, 307	celandine, greater, 141
anorexia, 119, 149, 156, 162, 183, 261, 291	antidiarrhoeals, 75, 130, 162, 183, 376, 507	echinacea, 222
anorexia nervosa, 54, 103	anti-emetic activity, 87, 130, 156, 166, 294	garlic, 281, 285
anthelmintic agents, 92, 162, 240, 572, 573	antifertility, 180, 387, 594	ginger, 294, 295
anthemic acid, 154, 156	antifungal activity	ginkgo, 301, 302
Anthemis nobilis, 156	angelica, 54	horehound, black, 359
anthocyanins, 31, 32, 79, 80, 197, 495, 543	aniseed, 58	milk thistle, 430
anthracene glycosides, 128	calamus, 119	rosemary, 510
anthranoid glycoside content, 50	celandine, greater, 141	antiplatelet activity, 147, 295, 297, 413
anthranoids, 50	cinnamon, 163	antiplatelet agents
genotoxicity, 539	cranberry, 198	bilberry and, 82
anthraquinone glycosides, 271	echinacea, 222	garlic and, 286
anthraquinones, 128, 164, 270, 506, 537, 550, 608	garlic, 283	ginkgo and, 311
anti-allergic properties, 110, 153, 157	gentian, 291	antipsychotic activity, 392
anti-androgenic activity, 522	kava, 393	antipsychotics
anti-arthritics, 49	quassia, 492	ginseng, eleutherococcus and, 322
anti-asthmatic properties, 300	thyme, 575	antipyretics, 77, 490, 575, 598, 605
anti-atherogenic effects, 280	wild carrot, 594	antirheumatic properties, 132, 147, 169, 180, 273
anti-atherosclerotic effects, 80, 281, 284, 295	antihaemorrhagics, 75, 98, 105, 121, 188	antiseborrhoeic properties, 548
antibacterial ingredients	antihaemorrhoidal properties, 105, 473	antiseptics
aloe vera, 49	antihepatotoxic effects, 283	bilberry, 80
angelica, 54	rosemary, 510	bloodroot, 84
bilberry, 81	antihistaminic properties, 167, 338	boldo, 91
bogbean, 90	anti-HIV-1 activity, 426	buchu, 100
burdock, 103	antihypertensive effects, 280, 282, 285, 383	calendula, 122
calendula, 122	antihypertensives, interaction with	capsicum, 126
chamomile, German, 153	butterbur, 116	celery, 147
cohosh, black, 173	hawthorn, 350	chamomile, German, 153
coltsfoot, 186	anti-infective agents, 219	cinnamon, 163
cranberry, 197	anti-inflammatory activity, 110, 140, 153, 172, 209,	cinnamon oil, 162
damiana, 202	222	clove oil, 167

	692	Index
I	antiseptics (cont.)		motherwort, 447	arthritis
	eucalyptus, 247		passionflower, 461, 464	alfalfa, 46
	uva-ursi, 578		plantain, 474	arnica, 65
	antiserotonergic activity, 294		rosemary, 508	capsicum, 126
	antispasmodic activity, 108, 110, 137, 139, 153, 509		scullcap, 530	cat's claw, 132
	antispasmodic ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table		squill, 547	celery, 147
	14		wild carrot, 593	chaparral, 159
	antithrombotic activity, 280, 281, 285, 294		wild lettuce, 596	devil's claw, 210
	antitoxic activity, 318		apigenin glycosides, 447, 456	yucca, 610
	antitumourigenic activity		apigravin, 146	arthritis treatment, 208, 273, 454
	agrimony, 43		Apii Fructus, 146	arthrosis, painful, 208
	aloes, 51		apiin, 146, 152, 156	Artichoke, 67
	aniseed, 58		apiole, 12, 456, 457, 458, 518	asacoumarins, 72
	arnica, 65		Apium graveolens, 146	Asafetida, 72
	burdock, 103		Apium petroselinum, 456	Asafoetida, 72
	cassia, 131		appendicitis, 52, 129, 271, 539	Asant, 72
	cat's claw, 132, 133		grumbling, 42	b-asarone, 12
	chamomile, Roman, 157		appetite	asarone, 518
	dandelion, 206		increase, 516, 573	Asarum europaeum, 119
	echinacea, 222, 224, 232		loss, 92, 205, 209, 291, 491	ascaridole, 91
	euphorbia, 250		suppressant, 244	Asclepiadaceae, 477
	garlic, 282		Apricot, 61	Asclepias, 477
	ginseng, panax, 329, 330		Apricot Vine, 461	Asclepias albicans, 478
	mistletoe, 439		Aquifoliaceae, 421	Asclepias curassavica, 478
	motherwort, 448		Arabian Myrrh, 449	Asclepias engelmanniana, 478
	myrrh, 450		arabinans, 419	Asclepias eriocarpa, 478
	rhodiola, 503		arabinogalactan, 218, 221	Asclepias glaucescens, 478
	rosemary, 509		arabinogalactans, 419	Asclepias tuberosa, 477
	yucca, 610		arabinose	asclepin, 477, 478
	antitussive properties, 169, 185, 215, 300, 465, 575		aloe vera, 48	Ascophyllum, 273
	anti-ulcerogenic activity, 131, 153, 294, 424		coltsfoot, 185	Ascophyllum nodosum, 274
	antiviral activity		comfrey, 188	ascorbate, 146
	calendula, 122, 123		cowslip, 195	ascorbic acid, see vitamin C
	cat's claw, 132		ispaghula, 374	ash values, 10
	celandine, greater, 141		lime flower, 409	Asian Ginseng, 325
	chamomile, German, 153		myrrh, 449	asiatic acid, 373
	cinnamon, 163		pilewort, 472	Asiatic Pennywort, 371
	echinacea, 219, 221, 230		red clover, 498	asiaticentoic acid, 371
	elder, 238		senega, 533	asiaticoside, 371
	eucalyptus, 248		arabinoxylan, 374	Asparagaceae, 547, 610
	fucus, 274		Araceae, 543	asparagic acid, 342
	ginseng, eleutherococcus, 318		arachidonic acid, 48	asparagine, 45, 419, 474
	ginseng, panax, 329		Aralia quinquifolia, 325	aspartine, 159
	ground ivy, 343		Araliaceae, 315, 325	Aspen, 482
	horse-chestnut, 364		arbutin, 201, 577	Aspergillus parasiticus, 283
	melissa, 426		archangelenone, 53	Aspergillus spp., 283
	motherwort, 448		Archangelica officinalis, 53	asperuloside, 164, 165, 577
	rosemary, 509		archangelicin, 53, 54	aspirin
	sage, 513		archengelenone, 53	willow and, 599
	St John's wort, 553, 557		Arctic root, 500	aspirin hypersensitivity, 599
	anxiety, 184, 195, 245, 355, 403, 422, 551		arctigenin, 102, 352	Asteraceae
	treatment, 202, 349, 585		arctiin, 102	arnica, 64
	anxiolytic effects, 295, 463, 465		arctiopicrin, 102, 103	artichoke, 67
	anxiolytics, 392, 393		Arctium lappa, 102	boneset, 94
	aperient properties, 94		Arctium majus, 102	butterbur, 107
	Aphanes, 459		Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, 577	calendula, 121
	Aphanes arvensis, 459		Arecaceae, 521	chamomile, German, 152
	aphrodisiac activity		arginine, 45, 159, 260	chamomile, Roman, 156
	passionflower, 465		Aristolochia spp., 8	coltsfoot, 185
	Apiaceae, 53, 57, 146, 371, 456, 593		aristolochic acids, 12	dandelion, 204
	apigenin, 31, 32		Armeniaca vulgaris, 61	echinacea, 217
	agrimony, 42		Armoracia lapathifolia, 367	elecampane, 240
	celery, 146		Armoracia rusticana, 367	feverfew, 263
	chamomile, German, 152, 153		Arnica, 64	gravel root, 340
	chamomile, Roman, 156		Arnica chamissonis ssp. foliosa, 64	holy thistle, 352
	cowslip, 195		Arnica montana, 64	hypersensitivity to, 154, 157, 266
	fenugreek, 261		Arnicae Flos, 64	liferoot, 407
	hawthorn, 346		arnicin, 64	milk thistle, 429
	horehound, white, 361		arterial pressure, raised, 409	tansy, 572
	juniper, 386		arterial vasomotion enhancement, 80, 81	wild lettuce, 596
	lemon verbena, 405		arteriosclerosis, 347	yarrow, 604
	melissa, 425		treatment, 409	asthenia, 89

asthma, 84, 154, 185, 249, 252, 307, 599 adult bronchial, 49

psychogenic, 54 spasmodic, 416

treatment, 113, 215, 405, 543 astragalin, 354, 363, 601 astringents

agrimony, 42 avens, 76 bayberry, 77 bilberry, 80 burnet, 105 cassia, 130

cinnamon bark, 162 clivers, 164 comfrey, 188 eyebright, 256 ground ivy, 342 juniper, 387 raspberry, 495

St John's wort, 554 witch hazel, 602

atherosclerosis, 46, 383, 530 atony, 183, 271, 539

atopic eczema, see eczema, atopic

aucubin, 36, 37, 256, 268, 374, 474, 475, 591 aucubinine B, 209

Avens, 75 azulene, 240

Baccae Juniperi, 386

Bacillus anthracis, 277 Bacillus leprae, 372 Bacillus pumilus, 147 Bacillus spp., 283 Bacillus subtilis

aloes, 51 arnica, 65 burdock, 103 celery, 147 chaparral, 160

cohosh, black, 173 eucalyptus, 248 garlic, 283

holy thistle, 353 milk thistle, 432 plantain, 475 sage, 513 scullcap, 531 uva-ursi, 578 yarrow, 605

back pain, low, treatment, 208, 211 bacterial skin diseases, 153 bactericidal activity, 46, 65, 163, 277 bacteriostatic properties, 147, 424, 544 Bai Guo, 299 baicalein-6,7-dimethylether, 570 baldrinals, 580

ballonigrin, 358 Ballota, 358

Ballota foetida, 358 Ballota nigra, 358 ballotenol, 358 ballotinone, 358 Balm, 425

Balsamodendron Myrrha, 449

Balsamodendron myrrha, 449 baptifoline, 180

Bardanae Radix, 102

Bari, 389

barium antagonist, 92

Barosma betulina, 100 Batavia Cassia, 162 Batavia Cinnamon, 162 Bayberry, 77 Bearberry, 577

Bee plant, 96 Beebread, 96

behavioural activity, 301 Belgian Valerian, 580 Benedict's Herb, 75

benign prostatic hyperplasia, 452, 454 benzaldehyde, 162, 166, 411, 423 benzochromenes, 382

benzoic acid, 474 benzophenanthridines, 12, 137, 276 g-benzopyrones, 462

benzyl alcohol, 423 berberastine, 337 Berberidaceae, 180 berberine, 337, 338 bergapten, 53, 57, 456, 457 betaine, 64, 183, 452, 453 betalains, 479

betanidine, 479 betanine, 479

betonicine, 29, 361, 447, 604 beverages

alcoholic, 50, 64, 68, 149, 240, 605 non-alcoholic, 149

bicuculline methochloride, 392 Bilberry, 79

bile duct occlusion, 206

bile flow disturbance, 205, 277 biliary system dysfunction, 142, 144 bilobalide, 299, 300, 302

bilobetin, 299

biochanin A, 45, 498, 499

Biomphalaria glabrata, 578 birth facilitation, 58 bisabolene, 294 bisflavonols, 243

bitter acids, 354

bitter aromatics, 54, 149 bitter complexes, 205 bitter glucoside, 94 bitter index, 90

Bitter Lettuce, 596

Bitter Myrrh, 449

bitter principles, 42, 64, 98, 118, 354, 596 bitter properties, 89

Bitter Root, 290 bitters, 290 Bitterwood, 491 Bitterwort, 290 Black Cohosh, 168 Black Elder, 237

Black Horehound, 358

Black Sampson, 217

Black Snakeroot, 168 Black Tang, 273 Bladderwrack, 273 Blatterdock, 107 Blazing Star, 258 bleeding

enhanced risk, 310, 311 Blessed Thistle, 352 Blond Psyllium, 374 blood pressure

high, see hypertension increase, 181, 245

Index 693

low, see hypotension

reduction, 75, 440, 554 I Bloodroot, 84

Blue Cohosh, 180 Blue Flag, 87 blueberry, 79 Bockshornsame, 260 Bog rhubarb, 107 Bogbean, 89 bogberry, 79 Bogshorns, 107

boils, treatment, 219, 545 Boldi Folium, 91 boldine, 29, 91, 92, 518 Boldo, 91

Boldus, 91

Boneset, 94

Borage, 96 Boraginaceae, 96, 188

Borago officinalis, 96 Bordetella pertussis, 186, 553 borneol, 405, 508, 512 bornyl acetate, 581 boschniakine, 374, 474 boschniakinic acid, 374, 474

Botrytis cinerea, 65, 594 bowel cramps, 159 brahminoside, 371, 372 brahmoside, 371, 372 Brassicaceae, 541

Brauneria pallida, 217 breast cancer, 177 breastfeeding, 19 bromazepam, 399

bronchial asthma, see asthma bronchial catarrh, 58

chronic, 342 bronchiectasis, 535 bronchitis, 575

acute, 94

chronic, 475, 534, 547 secondary, 416 treatment, 215, 243

angelica, 54 aniseed, 58 asafoetida, 72 bloodroot, 84 coltsfoot, 185

horehound, white, 361 thyme, 575

bronchodilation, 474 bronchospasm, prevention, 215 Broom, 98

Brucella abortus, 353 Brucella bronchoseptica, 353 bruises, 64

Buchu, 100

Buckbean, 89

Burdock, 102

burn treatment, 48, 80, 123 Burnet, 105

Burrage, 96 Burseraceae, 449 Butterbur, 107 Butterdock, 107 Butterfly Dock, 107 Butterfly Weed, 477 butyric acid, 169

Buxus sempervirens, 578

694 Index

Cactaceae, 151 cactine, 151

Cactus grandiflorus, 151 d-cadine, 201

cadinene, 386, 530 caffeic acid, 30, 67

celandine, greater, 136, 137, 139 clivers, 164

cohosh, black, 172 coltsfoot, 185 comfrey, 188 dandelion, 204 eucalyptus, 247 eyebright, 256, 257 figwort, 268 fumitory, 276

lime flower, 409 marshmallow, 419 melissa, 425 nettle, 452 plantain, 474 rosemary, 508 sage, 512

St John's wort, 550

caffeic acid derivatives, 218, 219, 367 caffeine, 29, 183, 184, 421, 422 caffeoylmalic acid, 358, 452 caffeoyltartaric acid, 185

calamene, 201 Calamus, 118 calcium, 130, 162, 452 Calendula, 121

Calendula officinalis, 121 calenduladiol, 121 calendulin, 121 calendulosides, 121 calotropin, 477

cAMP, 65 Campanulaceae, 416

campesterol, 30, 31, 45, 121, 166, 249, 429, 449, 572 camphene, 386, 508, 580

camphor, 31, 386, 508, 512, 518, 541, 572, 604 canadine, 337

canavanine, 45, 47

cancer treatment, 62, 159, 526

Candida albicans, 163, 283, 383, 413, 426, 486, 513

Candida krusei, 513

Candida pseudotropicalis, 513

Candida spp., 46, 85, 283 Candleberry Bark, 77 canin, 263

Cannabaceae, 354 Cao Ma Huang, 243 Capdockin, 107 Caprifoliaceae, 237 capsaicin, 125, 126 capsaicinoids, 125 Capsella, 541

Capsella bursa-pastoris, 541 Capsicum, 125

Capsicum spp., 125 Carbenia benedicta, 352 Carbenia Benedicta, 352 carbohydrate constituents

alfalfa, 45 aloe vera, 48 aniseed, 57 arnica, 64 burdock, 102 clove, 166

coltsfoot, 185 comfrey, 188 couchgrass, 193 cowslip, 195 cranberry, 197 damiana, 201 devil's claw, 207 elecampane, 240 fucus, 273 ginger, 293

ginseng, eleutherococcus, 315, 316 hydrangea, 369

lime flower, 409 myrrh, 449 plantain, 474 pulsatilla, 489 red clover, 498 saw palmetto, 521 senega, 533 senna, 537 slippery elm, 545

carbonic acid, 452 carboxystrictosidine, 133 carcinogenesis, protection against, 302 carcinogenic properties

aloes, 51 bayberry, 78 bloodroot, 85 comfrey, 190 euphorbia, 250 gravel root, 341 liferoot, 408 sassafras, 519 senna, 538

cardiac disorders, 151, 447, 548 arrhythmias, 99

therapy, 348

cardiac glycosides, 30, 477, 547

cardioactive ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 2 cardiotonic activity, 46, 99, 297, 338, 347, 547 cardiotoxic ingredients, 181

cardiovascular activity, 108, 301, 319, 328, 348, 503 cardiovascular diseases, 19, 422 cardiovascular-related disorders, 414

Carduus Benedictus, 352 carminatives

angelica, 54 aniseed, 58 asafoetida, 72 calamus, 118 capsicum, 126 cassia, 130

chamomile, German, 153 chamomile, Roman, 156 cinnamon, 162

clove, 166 juniper, 386

carnasol, 512 carnosic acid, 30 carnosolic acid, 509 carotene, 89, 188, 521

carotenoids, 64, 98, 121, 125, 137

Carum petroselinum, 456 carvacrol, 31, 193, 574 carvone, 31, 193, 462 caryophyllene, 67, 166 b-caryophyllene, 358

caryophyllene, 371, 382, 386, 405, 425, 518, 530, 580

b-caryophyllene, 593

Caryophyllus aromaticus, 166 Cascara, 128

Cascara Sagrada, 128 cascarosides, 29, 30, 128 Cassia, 130

Cassia acutifolia, 537 Cassia alexandrina, 537 Cassia angustifolia, 537 Cassia Bark, 130 Cassia Lignea, 130

Cassia senna, 537 casticin, 36, 37 catalpol, 474, 530 catarrh, 58, 249

bronchial, see bronchial catarrh nasal, 153

nasopharyngeal, see nasopharyngeal catarrh upper respiratory tract, 419, 575

catarrhal cystitis, acute, 100, 541, 577 catechins, 31, 61, 79, 183, 601 catecholamines, 58

catechols, 423, 608

cathartic activity, 84, 98, 538 Cat's Claw, 132 caulophylline, 180 caulophyllogenin, 570 Caulophyllum, 180

Caulophyllum robustum, 180 Caulophyllum thalictroides, 180 caulosaponin, 180, 181 cauloside D, 180

Cayenne, 125 celandine

common, 136 garden, 136 greater, 136 lesser, 136

celerin, 146 Celery, 146 Celery Fruit, 146 Celery Seed, 146 cell death, 69, 523 cell necrosis, 59

cell proliferation, 59 cell-proliferant, 188 cellulose, 183 centapicrin, 149

Centaurium erythraea, 149 Centaurium minus, 149 Centaurium umbellatum, 149 Centaury, 149

Centella, 371

Centella asiatica, 371 centelloside, 371 central nervous system

activity, 58, 99, 131 hypnotic effects, 594

central nervous system depressants hawthorn, 348

hydrocotyle, 372 nettle, 453 sassafras, 518 scullcap, 531 senega, 534 valerian, 582

central nervous system stimulants cola, 183, 184

ephedra, 244

ginseng, eleutherococcus, 318 lobelia, 417

maté, 421

cerebral embolism, 531 cerebral thrombosis, 531, 605 Cereus, 151

Cereus grandiflorus, 151 Ceylon Cinnamon, 162 chalcone derivatives, 423

chalcones, 31, 32, 354, 390, 411, 412, 436, 437 chamaelirin, 258

Chamaelirium carolianum, 258 Chamaelirium luteum, 258 Chamaemelum nobile, 156 Chamaesyce hirta, 249 chamazulene, 152, 153, 156, 604 Chamomile

German, 152

Roman, 156

Chamomilla recutita, 152 Chaparral, 159

Chaste tree, 36 Chasteberry, 36 cheilitis, 167

chelerythrine, 84, 138, 143, 484, 485, 486, 487 chelidonic acid, 136, 137

Chelidonium majus, 136 chilblains, 126

Chilli Pepper, 125 Chinese Cinnamon, 130 Chinese Ginseng, 325

Chlamydia aureus, 338 Chlamydia trachomatis, 338 chlorogenic acid

angelica, 53 apricot, 61 artichoke, 67, 69 burdock, 102 comfrey, 188 dandelion, 204 fumitory, 276 lime flower, 409 nettle, 452 plantain, 474 rosemary, 508

St John's wort, 550 chlorogenic acids, 219, 237 cholagogic activity, 510 cholecystitis, 205 choleretic activity, 139 choleretics, 92

cholesterol, 46, 48, 61, 70, 121, 429, 449, 572 biosynthesis inhibition, 68, 252

high concentrations, 46

intestinal absorption decreased, 46 cholesterol-lowering effects, 46, 281, 284

see also lipid-lowering effects

hyperlipidaemic ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 6

hyperoside, 79, 151, 237, 247, 347, 423, 447, 551 hyperprolactinaemia, 36

hypertension, 99, 282, 291, 322, 338, 382 hypertensive ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 4 hypertensives, interaction with

butterbur, 116 hyperthyroidism, 274, 275 hypnotic ingredients, 581

hypocholesterolaemic activity, 46, 68, 261, 376 hypoglycaemic activity, 328, 330, 377, 383, 450, 534 hypoglycaemic ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 8 hypokalaemia, 414, 539

hypokalaemic myopathy, 414 hypolaetin, 419 hypolipidaemic activity, 534

hypolipidaemic ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 6

hypotension, 440, 456

hypotensive ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 4 hypothyroidism, 368

hypouraemic activity, 153

ichthynone, 379, 380

Ichthyomethia communis, 379 Ichthyomethia piscipula, 379 Ilex, 421

Ilex aquifolium, 421 Ilex paraguariensis, 421 Ilex pubescens, 421, 422 ilexosides, 421 imanine, 554 imidazoles, 29

immunomodulation, 140, 219, 220, 223, 252, 282, 439, 439, 442

immunomodulatory ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 10

immunosuppressant effects, 215 immunosuppressant therapy, 232 imperatorin, 55, 456, 457 incontinence, urinary, 42

Indian Pennywort, 371

Indian Plantago, 374 Indian Senna, 537 Indian Tobacco, 416

Indian Water Navelwort, 371 indicaine, 374

indicainine, 374 indigestion, 355 treatment, 405

indoles, 29, 461, 463, 491 inflammation, 598

eyes, 87 joints, 367

skin, see skin inflammation tissues, 367

inflammatory reactions, 43 influenza treatment, 94, 591 inorganics, 452

inositol, 156, 193, 249 insect bites, 64 insecticides, 38, 58

insomnia, 245, 379, 403, 463, 464, 581, 583, 596 see also sleep disorders

insulin secretion, 43, 286 intercostal myalgia, 169 interleukin-1 stimulation, 132 interleukin-6 stimulation, 132 intermedine, 96

intermidine, 188

intermittent claudication, 300, 306 intestinal amoebiasis, 249 intestinal colic, 162, 456, 470

flatulent, 294

intestinal obstruction, 52, 129, 271, 539, 609 intestinal spasms, 181

intoxicants, 391 Intoxicating Pepper, 389 Inula, 240

inula camphor, 240

Inula helenium, 240 Inula racemosa, 240

inulin, 64, 94, 102, 185, 240, 241 iodine, 273

iridin, 87

iridoid containing ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 18

iridoids, 36, 149, 164

Iris caroliniana, 87 Iris versicolor, 87 Iris virginica, 87 iriversical, 87 irritability, 195 irritable bladder, 202

irritable bowel syndrome, 70, 73, 374 irritable cough, 596

irritant ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 12 irritants, powerful, allyl isothiocyanate, 542 isoalantolactone, 240

isoboldine, 91, 518 isobutylamides, 217, 218, 220 isocorynoxeine, 133 isoflavones, 411, 412 isoflavonoids, 45, 379, 498 isoginkgetin, 299 isoimperatorin, 53 isoleucine, 45, 159, 268, 409 isoliquiritigenin, 413 isomenthone, 470 isomitraphylline, 132, 133 isoorientin, 461 isopimpinellin, 457 isopteropodine, 132, 133 isoquassin, 491

isoquercitrin, 146, 237, 386, 521, 577 isoquinolines, 29, 84, 91, 180, 276, 337, 484, 486,

518

isorhamnetin, 300, 452, 498 mistletoe, 437

isorhynchophylline, 132, 133 isoschaftoside, 461 isoscutellarin, 419 isosilichristin, 429 isothiocyanate, 367 isotussilagine, 218, 232 isovaltrates, 580, 581 isovitexin, 461

Ispaghul, 374

Ispaghula, 374

Ispagol, 374 itching, 544

jaligonic acid, 479 Jamaica Dogwood, 379

Jamaican Quassia, 491 jamiacin, 379

Java Tea, 381

Jesuit's Brazil Tea, 421 Ji Xue Cao, 371 Joe-Pye Weed, 340 joint inflammation, 367 Joshua Tree, 610 junionone, 386 Juniper, 386

Juniperus communis, 386

kaempferitrin, 151 kaempferol, 31, 32 bogbean, 89

clove, 166 coltsfoot, 185 drosera, 215 elder, 237 ginkgo, 300 hawthorn, 346 hops, 354 hydrangea, 369 kaempferol, 363 lime flower, 409 maté, 421 motherwort, 447 nettle, 452

passionflower, 461 raspberry, 495 red clover, 498 rhodiola, 500, 501 saw palmetto, 521 wild carrot, 593 witch hazel, 601

kaurenes, 30, 31 Kava, 389

kava dermopathy, 389 kavain, 391, 392 Kava-kava, 389

kavalactones, 389, 390, 391, 392, 394 kavapyrones, 389

Kawa, 389 Kawa-kawa, 389 kawalactones, 389 Kelp, 273 Kelpware, 273 keratinisation, 372

ketones, 247, 256, 456 Kew Tree, 299

Key, 389

Khartoum Senna, 537 kidney

damage, 55 gravel, 452 irritants, 343, 406

kidney disease, 599 treatment, 192

see also renal disease King's Cureall, 251

Klebsiella ozanae, 513 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 283, 432

Klebsiella spp., 283, 338, 578

Kluyveromyces bulgaricus, 509 Knob Root, 570

Kola Nut, 183

Koniak, 389

Korean Ginseng, 325 Ku Xing Ren, 61 Kumis Kucing, 381 Kydney Root, 340

L-652,469, 186 labdanes, 30, 31

Labiatae, 342, 358, 361, 381, 425, 447, 470, 508, 530, 530, 570, 574

labriformin, 478

lactation, see Introduction, Table 3 lactic acid, 96

Lactobacillus brevis, 509 Lactuca canadensis, 596 Lactuca quescina, 596

Lactuca sativa, 596 Lactuca serriola, 596

Lactuca spp., 596

Lactuca virosa, 596 lactucarium, 596, 597 lactucin, 596 lactupicrin, 596 Lady's Slipper, 403 Lady's Thistle, 429 laetrile, 62

Lamiaceae, 381, 425, 447, 508, 512, 530, 570, 574 Lamiceae, 470

Laminaria, 273 laminarin, 273

Lamium album, 454 Large Cranberry, 197 Large-leaved Lime, 409

Larrea divaricata, 159 Larrea mexicana, 159 Larrea tridentata, 159 larreantin, 159 larvicidals, 163 laryngismus stridulus, 493 laryngitis, 84, 185, 479 Lauraceae, 130, 162, 518

lauric acid, 45, 87, 102, 293 lauriflorine, 484

laxative effect celandine, greater, 137 elder, 238

ispaghula, 376

laxative ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 1 laxative preparation, 48

learning, 301

lectins, 12, 436, 438, 479

Leguminosae, 45, 260, 379, 411, 498, 537

Leishmania donovani, 338 Lemon Balm, 425

Lemon Verbena, 405 lens opacity, 81 leocardin, 447

Leontice thalictroides, 180 Leontodon taraxacum, 204 leonuride, 447

leonuridin, 447 leonurine, 447, 448 leonurinine, 447 Leonurus, 447

Leonurus cardiaca, 447 Leonurus heterophyllus, 447 Leonurus japonicus, 447 Leonurus sibirious, 447 Leopard's Bane, 64

leprosy, 516 leprous ulcers, 371

Lesser Celandine, 472

Lettuce Opium, 596

Leucanthemum parthenium, 263 leucine, 45, 159, 237, 256, 268, 409, 474 leucocyanidin, 249

Index 701

leucopenia, drug-induced, 238

leukodin, 604 I leukotriene inhibition, 264

libido increase, 58, 307 licoflavonol, 411 licoric acid, 411 Licorice, 411

Life-giving Vine of Peru, 132 Liferoot, 407

lignans, 29, 102, 103, 159, 344, 352, 437, 452, 486 Lignum Vitae, 344

Liliaceae, 279 Lime, 409

Lime Flower, 409

Lime Tree, 409

limonene, 100, 146, 243, 386, 405, 409, 500, 501, 530, 530

linalool, 31, 91, 405, 462, 604 Linden Tree, 409

lindestrine, 449

linoleic acid, 128, 204, 237, 251, 252, 293, 429 linolenic acid, 204, 237, 251

Lion's Tooth, 204

lipid peroxidation inhibition, 80 lipid-lowering effects, 281, 284, 450

see also cholesterol-lowering effects lipid(s), 48, 57, 128, 166, 293, 429 lipolytic activity, 46

Lippia citriodora, 405 liqcoumarin, 411 liquirigenin, 412 liquiritic acid, 411 liquiritin, 412 Liquorice, 411, 221

excessive ingestion, 16, 52 lisetin, 379

Listeria monocytogenes, 65 lithospermic acid, 188, 352 liver

cirrhosis, 55 dysfunction, 87

regeneration, 58, 157, 456 symptoms involving, 337 tumours, 186

liver damage, 51, 55, 69, 114, 177 treatment, 429

liver disease, 143, 175, 599 alcoholic, 432 treatment, 137, 429

see also hepatic disease lobelacrin, 416

Lobelia, 416

Lobelia inflata, 416 lobeline, 29, 416, 417

local microcirculation, increased, 49 loganin, 89

loperamide ispaghula and, 377

Lucerne, 45 lumbago, 126 lupanine, 98 lupulone, 354 Lupulus, 354 luteolin, 31, 32

luteolin glycosides, 425, 456 luteolin–7–lactate, 358 luteolins, constituents in

agnus castus, 36 agrimony, 42 chamomile, German, 152 chamomile, Roman, 156 cowslip, 195

702 Index

luteolins, constituents in (cont.) I dandelion, 204

fenugreek, 261 ground ivy, 342 hawthorn, 346 horehound, white, 361 lemon verbena, 405 melissa, 425

passionflower, 461, 462 rosemary, 508 shepherd's purse, 541 squill, 547

wild lettuce, 596 lyaloside, 133 lycopsamine, 96, 188

lymph node enlargement, 164 lymphadenitis, 164, 261

lymphocyte resistance to apoptosis, 221 lysine, 45, 260, 268, 474

lysozymes, 43

Macrocystis, 273 macrophage function

enhancement, 221

Macropiper latifolium, 389 Macropiper methysticum, 389 Macrotys Actaea, 168 madasiatic acid, 373 madecassic acid, 373 madecassoside, 371, 372

magnoflorine, 180, 484, 486, 487 Maidenhair Tree, 299

Maize, 191 Male Myrrh, 449

malic acid, 45, 96, 185, 197, 379, 452, 596 malignant duodenal tumours, 119 malignant melanoma, 160

Malmal, 449 malonic acid, 45

maltol, 461, 462, 463, 464 Malvaceae, 418 mandelonitrile, 61, 62 mania

St John's wort, side-effect, 560 mannitol, 521

mannose, 188 maodongqing, 422 MAOI therapy, 262

St John's wort and, 562 MAOI-like action, 457 maokonine, 244

Marian Thistle, 429

Mariana lactea, 429 Marigold, 121 marrubenol, 361 marrubiin, 361, 362, 447 marrubin acid, 362 Marrubium, 361

Marrubium vulgare, 361 Marsh Trefoil, 89 Marshmallow, 418 Marybud, 121 mastalgia, 38

noncyclic, see noncyclic mastalgia mastitis, 153

mastodynia, 37 matricaria, 604 Matricaria Flowers, 152

Matricaria recutita, 152 matricin, 152, 153

matricine, 30 Maté, 421 Maypop, 461 maysin, 191

Meadow Clover, 498

Meadowsweet, 423 Medicago, 45

Medicago afganica, 45 Medicago grandiflora, 45 Medicago ladak, 45 Medicago mesopotanica, 45 Medicago orientalis, 45 Medicago polia, 45 Medicago praesativa, 45 Medicago sativa, 45 Medicago sogdiana, 45 medicagol, 45

medicarpin, 45

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 6

Mediterranean Milk Thistle, 429 melancholy, 183

melanoma, malignant, 160 Melanthiaceae, 258 Melissa, 425

Melissa officinalis, 425, 585 Melissa pulegioides, 470 memory, 301

menopausal neurosis, 551 treatment, 407

menopausal symptoms, 173, 499 menstrual cycle

herbal remedies affecting calendula, 123 chamomile, German, 155 gentian, 291

horehound, black, 360 horehound, white, 362 hydrocotyle, 373 motherwort, 448 nettle, 454

parsley, 458 pokeroot, 481 irregularities, 37

menstruation profuse, 98 promotion, 58, 108 suppression, 50

mental depression, 147

Mentha pulegium, 470 menthiafolin, 89 menthol, 31, 193

menthone, 31, 100, 193, 470, 518 Menyanthaceae, 89

Menyanthes, 89

Menyanthes trifoliata, 89 metabolites

primary, 29 secondary, 29

methaemoglobinaemia, 73 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

(MRSA), 283 methionine, 45 5-methoxyeugenol, 518 methoxyphenylacetone, 57 methoxypsoralen, 456, 593 methyl acetate, 167 methyl chavicol, 57

2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 354, 355 methylarbutin, 577 2-methylbuten-3-en–2-ol, 354 N-methylcytisine, 168, 169, 180, 181

methylephedrine, 243 methyleugenol, 12, 130, 162, 166 methylpseudoephedrine, 243 methylpyridoxine, 311 methylripariochromene A, 382, 383 methylsalicylaldehyde, 130 1-methyltetralin, 50

microbial contamination, 11

Micrococcus flavus, 475 Micrococcus glutamious, 248 Micrococcus luteus, 426 Micrococcus roseus, 65 Microsporum, 198, 283

Microsporum infections, 215 migraine, 183, 263, 264, 265 prevention, 108, 113, 263

treatment, 263 Milfoil, 604 Milk Thistle, 429 millefin, 604 Millefolium, 604 Millepertuis, 550

mineralocorticoids, 77 minerals, 46, 204 miscarriage, threatened, 258 Mistletoe, 436, 16 mitogenic substances, 480 mitraphylline, 132, 133 Mohave Yucca, 610 Mohmol, 449

molluscicidal activity, 480 Molmol, 449 Monimiaceae, 91 Monk's Pepper, 36

monoamine oxidase inhibition, 119, 392, 551 monosaccharides, 48

monoterpene glycosides, 512 monoterpene hydrocarbons, 294

monoterpenes, 30, 31, 36, 72, 193, 241, 247, 354, 386, 386, 425, 437, 456, 500, 501

monoterpenoids, 149 monotropein, 164, 165, 577 Moraceae, 354

Mossberry, 197

Motherwort, 447

motion sickness, see travel sickness motor impairment, 58, 423 Mountain Hydrangea, 369 Mountain Tobacco, 64

mouth ulcers, 449 movement disorders, 397

mucilage polysaccharides, 409, 419 mucilages, in

borage, 96 buchu, 100 burdock, 102 calamus, 118 cassia, 130 cinnamon, 162 coltsfoot, 185 comfrey, 188 elecampane, 240

ispaghula, 374, 375 marshmallow, 419 milk thistle, 429 plantain, 474 sassafras, 518 slippery elm, 545

mucopolysaccharides, 374 mucosal secretion, 534 mucous colitis, 42 multi-infarct dementia, 303

		Index	703
multiple sclerosis, 252, 253, 535	nervous conditions	orexigenic properties, 103, 162	I
mumps, 479	treatment, 391, 392	organic acids, 84
Murr, 449	nervous eczema, 452	Oriental Ginseng, 325
muscle ache, 65	nervous excitability, 581	orientin, 261, 461, 547
muscle relaxants, 393	nervous system, 81	Ormenis nobilis, 156
muscular rheumatism, 89, 169	nervous tension, 379	orthochromene A, 382
muscular weakness, 183	treatment, 409	Orthosiphon aristatus, 381
mustard oedema, 49	Nettle, 452	Orthosiphon spicatus, 381
mutagenic activity, 134, 190, 291, 539	neuralgia, 126, 379, 551	Orthosiphon stamineus, 381
Mutelia officinalis, 425	neurological adverse effects, 397	osteoarthritis, 211, 294, 296, 599
Mycobacterium avium, 54	neurological effects, 59	osthenol, 146
Mycobacterium phlei, 65	neurosedative activity	osthol, 53
Mycobacterium smegmatis, 103, 173, 413, 426, 578,	horehound, black, 359	otosenine, 407
609, 609	neurosis, 447	oxalic acid, 45, 452, 596
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 51, 283, 372	neurotransmitters, 328	oxindole alkaloids, 132
myoglobinuria, 397, 398	nicotinamide complex, 42	Oxycoccus macrocarpus, 197
myopathy, 397, 398	nicotinic acid, 261, 352	Oxycoccus palustris, 197
myrcene, 31, 386	nicotinic-like action, 181	oxypeucedanin, 456
Myrica, 77	Night Blooming Cereus, 151	oxysparteine, 98
Myrica cerifera, 77	night vision improvement, 81	oxytocic properties, 181, 262
Myricaceae, 77	nitidine, 484, 486, 487	Oyo, 389
myricadiol, 77	nobilin, 156, 157	.
myricetin, 31, 32, 215, 409, 577	noncyclic mastalgia, 251, 253
myricitrin, 77, 577, 601	noradrenaline decrease, 119
myristic acid, 45, 293	nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), 159
myristicin, 456, 457, 458, 518	toxicity, 160	Padang-Cassia, 162
myristoleic acid, 521	norephedrine, 243	paedatric uses, 19
Myrrh, 449	norisoguaiacin, 159	PAF, 302, 307
Myrtaceae, 166, 247	norpseudoephedrine, 243	pagoside, 208
Myrtilus niger, 79	Northern Prickly Ash, 484	Paigle, 195
Myrtocyan, 80	Northern Senega, 533	Pale Psyllium, 374
myxoedema, 273	nortracheloside, 352	Palmae, 521
	norwogenin-7,8-dimethylether, 570	palmidin, 506
.	NSAIDs	palmidin C, 270
	passionflower and, 466	palmitic acid, 382
	numbness, 380	agrimony, 42
		alfalfa, 45
naphthodianthrones, 550	.	angelica, 53
naphthoquinones, 215		blue flag, 87
nasal congestion, treatment, 243		bogbean, 89
nasopharyngeal catarrh, 94	obesity, treatment, 273	burdock, 102
chronic, 42	Oenothera biennis, 251	calamus, 118
Nasturtium armoracia, 367	oesophageal	cohosh, black, 169
nausea, 40	ulcers, 413	dandelion, 204
aloes, 52	a-oestradiol, 61	elder, 237
aniseed, 59	oestrogenic activity	evening primrose, 251
apricot, 62	alfalfa, 46	ginger, 293
blue flag, 87	aniseed, 58, 59	milk thistle, 429
bogbean, 90	cohosh, black, 171, 177	palmitic acid ester, 121
broom, 99	ginkgo, 303	Palo Santo, 344
chamomile, Roman, 156	hops, 355	palpitations, 62, 184
cinnamon, 162	pleurisy root, 477	Panang Cinnamon, 162
elder, 238	red clover, 499	Panax americanus, 325
eucalyptus, 248	saw palmetto, 524	Panax cuneatus, 325
false unicorn, 259	wild carrot, 594	Panax Ginseng, 325
ginger, 296	oestrone, 61	Panax ginseng, 325
lobelia, 417	oils, 96	Panax notoginseng, 325
pokeroot, 480	oleanoic acid, 30, 31	Panax pseudoginseng, 325
saw palmetto, 526	oleanolic acid, 166, 237, 326, 342, 345, 352, 472,	Panax quinquefolius, 325
nausea, prevention, 294, 296	512	Panax schin-seng, 325
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 338	oleic acid, 251, 429	Panax spp., 325
Neisseria meningitidis, 338	oleo-gum resin, 72, 449	Panax versus, 325
neochlorogenic acid, 61	oleo-resin, 294, 354	panaxosides, 325, 327
neoherculin, 486, 487	Onagra biennis, 251	panaxynol, 328
neopancreatinum, 46	Onagraceae, 251	panaxytriol, 329
neoquassin, 491	ophthalmic activity, 80	pancytopenia, 47
neosilihermins, 429	oral hygiene, 85	Papaveraceae, 84, 136
Nepeta glechoma, 342	oral mucosa	Papoose root, 180
Nepeta hederacea, 342	inflammation, 449, 513	Paprika, 125
nephritis, 51	irritants, 419	paraffin, 185
nephroprotective properties, 431	oral rinses, 85	Paraguay Tea, 421
nephrotoxic ingredients, 365, 470	oral toxicity, 134	paralysis, 62
Nerve Root, 403	Orchidaceae, 403	stroke induced, 531

	704	Index
I	parasiticides, 58
	parillin, 516
	Parsley, 456

excessive ingestion, 16 phototoxic reaction, 16

Parsley Piert, 459 parthenolide, 263, 264 parturition, 496

raspberry leaf and, 496 Pasque Flower, 489 Passiflora, 461

Passiflora edulis, 462 Passiflora incarnata, 461 Passifloraceae, 461, 462 Passion Vine, 461 Passionflower, 461 patuletin-3-rutinoside, 218 Peagle, 195

pectins, 79, 102, 193 Pedaliaceae, 207 pediculosis, 58 pelvic congestion, 51

Penicillium digitatum, 383 Penicillium notatum, 387 Penicillium spp., 160 Pennyroyal, 470 pentacyclic triterpenes, 159 peptic discomfort, 291

peptic ulcers, 46, 48, 189, 599 prophylaxis, 423

see also duodenal ulcers; gastric ulcers treatment, 215, 423

perfumery products, 61 perimenopausal symptoms, 169, 173 peri-operative use, 20

peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 221

peripheral blood flow insufficiency, 484, 486

peripheral occlusive disease, 306 peripheral vascular disease, 54 peroxidases, 43, 67, 279 pertussis, 58, 72, 185, 575 pesticides, 11

Petasites hybridus, 107 Petasites officinalis, 107 Petasites ovatus, 107 Petasites sabaudus, 107 Petasites vulgaris, 107 Petroselinum crispun, 456 Petroselinum hortense, 456 Petroselinum peregrinum, 456 Petroselinum sativum, 456 Petroselinum vulgare, 456 Peumus boldus, 91 phagocytosis, 43, 49

stimulation, 450 pharmacodynamics devil's claw, 210

garlic, 284

saw palmetto, 524 St John's wort, 554

pharmacokinetics butterbur, 110, 112 celandine, greater, 138 cohosh, black, 173 devil's claw, 210 echinacea, 223 ephedra, 244

garlic, 281, 284 ginkgo, 303 ginseng, panax, 327

hawthorn, 348 hydrocotyle, 372 kava, 391, 394 liquorice, 413 milk thistle, 433 passionflower, 465 saw palmetto, 524 St John's wort, 558 valerian, 583

pharyngitis, 449 phellandrene, 53, 518 phenelzine

ginseng, panax, and, 333 phenethyl glycosides, 256 phenolic acids, 30

apricot, 61 artichoke, 67 bilberry, 79 centaury, 149

chamomile, Roman, 156 euphorbia, 249 marshmallow, 419

sage, 512

wild lettuce, 596 phenolic alcohols, 409 phenolic esters, 409

phenolic glycosides, 201, 598 phenolics, 30, 159, 197, 423 phenols, 130, 162, 195, 367, 508, 574 phenyl pyrones, 50

phenylalanine, 45, 159, 268, 409 phenylethylamine, 346 phenylethylisothiocyanate, 367 phenylpropanes, 29

phenylpropanoids, 72, 75, 118, 130, 168, 169, 208, 219, 219, 315, 316, 358, 437

phosphoric acid, 180, 452 photodermatitis, 55, 560 photosensitisation, 373

St John's wort, 553, 559, 562 photosensitive allergic reaction, 55, 59, 147 phototoxic dermatitis, 448, 458 phototoxic effects, 55, 186, 372, 594 phthalides, 53, 54, 146

physcion, 506, 608 phytohaemagglutinin, 237

Phytolacca acinosa, 480 Phytolacca americana, 479 Phytolacca dodecandra, 479 Phytolaccaceae, 479 phytolaccagenic acid, 479 phytolaccagenin, 479, 480 phytosterols, 188, 409

agrimony, 42 arnica, 64 artichoke, 67 burdock, 103

chamomile, Roman, 156 cohosh, blue, 180 coltsfoot, 185

comfrey, 188 holy thistle, 352

phytotherapy, 4 picein, 500, 501 piceoside, 577 Picrasma, 491

Picrasma excelsa, 491 picrasmin, 491

piles

internal, 137, 472 prolapsed, 472

see also haemorrhoids

Pilewort, 472 Pillbearing Spurge, 249 pilocarpine, 29

Pimpinella anisum, 57

pinene(s), 31, 36, 201, 386, 405, 409, 500, 501, 508, 518, 518, 580

Piper methysticum, 389 Piper sanctum, 391 Piper wichmanni, 391 Piper wichmannii, 389 Piperaceae, 389 piperidines, 29, 416 piperitenone, 470 piperitone, 31 pipermethystine, 390 piperonylacrolein, 518 piscerythrone, 379

Piscidia erythina, 379 Piscidia inebrians, 379 Piscidia piscipula, 379 Piscidia toxicaria, 379 piscidic acid, 169, 379 piscidin, 379 piscidone, 379

Plantaginaceae, 374, 474

Plantago asiatica, 474 Plantago lanceolata, 474 Plantago major, 474 Plantago ovata, 374 plantagonine, 374 Plantain, 474

Plasmodium falciparum, 173 platelet aggregation, 81, 133, 296

inhibition, 252, 264, 281, 294, 393 platelet-activating factor (PAF), 186

antagonism, 302, 307 platyphylline, 189 pleurisy, 54, 477 Pleurisy Root, 477 plumbagin, 215

Pocan, 479

Podophyllum hexandrum, 8 poisoning

animal, 606 human

apricot, 62 arnica, 65 broom, 99 chaparral, 160 cohosh, blue, 181 comfrey, 189 elder, 238 eucalyptus, 248 golden seal, 338

pokeroot, 480, 481 pulsatilla, 490 sage, 514 sassafras, 519 tansy, 573

Pokeberry, 479 Pokeroot, 479, 13, 16 Pokeweed, 479

pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), 479 pokeweed mitogen (PWM), 479

polyacetylenes, 102, 217, 218, 222, 241, 352, 353 polyenes, 102, 218, 220, 352

Polygala, 533

Polygala alpestris, 534 Polygala chamaebuxus, 534 Polygala comosa, 534 Polygala erioptera, 535 Polygala microphylla, 534

Polygala paniculata, 535 Polygala polygama, 534 Polygala senega, 533 Polygala spp., 533 Polygala tenuifolia, 533 Polygala triphylla, 534 Polygala vayredae, 534 Polygalaceae, 533 polygalic acid, 534 Polygonaceae, 506, 608

polyhydroxylated triterpenes, 132 polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, 49 polyphenols, 36, 79, 132, 134, 425 polysaccharides, 437

aloe vera, 48 arnica, 64 boneset, 94 burdock, 102 calendula, 121

chamomile, German, 152 echinacea, 217, 218, 221 fucus, 273

ginseng, eleutherococcus, 315 marshmallow, 419

senna, 537 pomolic acid, 105 pontica, 604 Poplar, 482 populin, 482 Populus Alba, 482

Populus nigra, 482

Populus spp., 599

Populus tremula, 482 Populus tremuloides, 482

Porphyromonas gingivitis, 513 positive inotropic activity, 151 postmastectomy lymphoedema, 123 postmenopausal symptoms, 169, 173 postviral fatigue, 252, 253

Pot Marigold, 121 potassium, 204, 452 potassium ion inhibition, 80

Poterium officinale, 105 pratensin, 498 pregnancy

see Introduction, Table 3 preleosibirin, 358 premarrubiin, 361

premenstrual syndrome, 38, 252, 253, 557 prenylated terpenoids, 550, 551

Prickly Ash northern, 484 southern, 486

Prickly Comfrey, 188 primin, 195 Primula, 195 primula acid, 195

Primula officinalis, 195 Primula veris, 195 primulaveroside, 195 primulic acid, 195 primveroside, 195

proanthocyanidins, 31, 61, 195, 197, 198, 299, 386, 550

procumbid, 268 procumbide, 208 procyanidins, 134, 347 prolactin secretion

inhibition of, by agnus castus, 38 proline, 342, 541

prophylactic activity, 348 proscillaridin A, 547

	Index	705
prostaglandin thromboxane, inhibition, 264	Quassia, 491	I
prostatic hyperplasia, 522, 525	Quassia amara, 491
benign, see benign prostatic hyperplasia	Quassia excelsa, 491
prostatitis, 100	quassin, 491
proteins, 125, 183, 260	Queen Anne's Lace, 593
Proteus, 283	Queen of the Meadow, 423
Proteus hauseri, 186	Queen's Delight, 493
Proteus mirabilis, 202, 283, 383, 432	Queen's Root, 493
Proteus spp., 353	quercetagetin, 37
Proteus vulgaris, 65, 186, 419, 424, 426	quercetin, 31, 32
protoanemonin, 472, 473, 489, 490	bilberry, 79
protoberberines, 137, 276	bogbean, 89
protocatechuic acid, 30, 247	buchu, 100
protopanaxadiol, 325, 326	chamomile, Roman, 156
protopanaxatriol, 325, 326	coltsfoot, 185
protopines, 137, 276, 277	drosera, 215
Providencia, 283	elder, 237
Prunus armeniaca, 61	euphorbia, 249
Prunus tiliifolia, 61	eyebright, 256
pruritus	fenugreek, 261
treatment, 268	ginkgo, 300
pseudoephedrine, 243, 244, 245	hawthorn, 346
pseudoguaianolides, 30, 31	hops, 354
pseudohypericin, 551	horse-chestnut, 363
pseudomelanosis coli, 539	hydrangea, 369
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 160, 186, 202, 283, 338,	juniper, 386
383, 383, 419, 424, 432	lime flower, 409
Pseudomonas fluorescens, 509	maté, 421
Pseudomonas putida, 426	milk thistle, 429
Pseudomonas solancearum, 147	motherwort, 447
pseudotannins, 195, 447	nettle, 452
psoralen, 456, 457, 593	red clover, 498
psoriasis, 48, 103, 164, 252, 372, 498, 516, 535	shepherd's purse, 541
treatment, 268, 608	squill, 547
psychogenic asthma, 54	uva-ursi, 577
psychological symptoms, 173, 559	wild carrot, 593
pteropodine, 132, 133	wild lettuce, 596
Pulegium parviflorum, 470	witch hazel, 601
Pulegium vulgare, 470	quercetin glycosides, 31, 32, 237, 276
pulegone, 100, 470	quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, 100
pulmonary infection, 367	quercitin
pulmonary oedema, 59	mistletoe, 437
Pulsatilla, 489	passionflower, 461
Pulsatilla nigricans, 489	raspberry, 495
Pulsatilla patens, 489	quercitrin, 31, 32, 42, 79, 247, 249, 256, 354, 447,
Pulsatilla pratensis, 489	601, 601
Pulsatilla ucrainica, 489	quinic acid, 45, 197, 452
Pulsatilla vulgaris, 489	quinidine
purgative ingredients, 538, 608	cascara and, 129
Purple Boneset, 340	quinine, 29
Purple Clover, 498	quinolines, 29
Purple Medick, 45	quinolizidines, 29, 168, 169, 180
Pyrethrum parthenium, 263	quinones, 195, 215, 403, 577
Pyrethrum vulgare, 572	quinovic acid glycosides, 132, 134
pyridines, 29, 45, 149, 260, 290, 580, 604
pyrocatechols, 188	.
2-pyrones, 389
pyrophosphates, 30
pyrrolic esters, 189
pyrrolidines, 29, 45, 361, 604	radiation burns, 48
pyrrolizidine alkaloids, 12, 108, 109, 186, 189, 190,	Ragwort, Golden, 407
407, 407	ramentaceone, 215
pyrrolizidines, 29, 185, 188, 218, 232	ramentone, 215
toxicity, 189	Ranunculaceae, 168, 337, 472, 489
	ranunculin, 472, 489
.	Ranunculus, 472
	Ranunculus ficaria, 136, 472
	rapid eye movement (REM), 557
Quackgrass, 193	Raspberry, 495
Quaker Bonnet, 530	raspberry ketone, 495
Quaker Comfrey, 188	Rattlesnake Root, 533
Quaking Aspen, 482	Red Clover, 498
quality assurance, 11	Red Ginseng, 325, 326

	706	Index
I	Red Indian Paint, 84		rheumatism, treatment, 454
	red pigment, 183		bilberry, 80
	Red Plant, 479		bogbean, 89
	Red Root, 84		boldo, 91
	refrigerants, 162		burdock, 103
	regulatory controls on herbal medicines, 4		capsicum, 126
	United Kingdom, 5, 6		cat's claw, 132
	World-wide, 7, 10		celery, 147
	Ren Shen, 325		chaparral, 159
	renal calculi, 340		pokeroot, 479
	renal disease, 253, 343, 388		rheumatoid arthritis
	renal failure, acute, 134		aloe vera, 49
	renal irritation, 101, 599		bogbean, 89
	renal tubular acidosis, 231		celery, 147
	reporting of adverse reactions, 22		cohosh, black, 169
	reproductive capacity, 319		devil's claw, 210
	reproductive system pain, male/female, 489		evening primrose, 253
	resins		feverfew, 265
	asafoetida, 72		ginger, 294
	avens, 75		guaiacum, 345
	bayberry, 77		poplar, 482
	bloodroot, 84		willow, 598
	boldo, 91		rhinitis, allergic, 454
	boneset, 94		Rhizopus nigricans, 383
	broom, 98		rhodalidin, 500, 501
	buchu, 100		rhodalin, 500, 501
	burdock, 103		Rhodiola, 500
	calamus, 118		Rhodiola rosea, 500
	capsicum, 128		rhodiolgidin, 500
	cassia, 130		rhodiolgin, 500
	cereus, 151		rhodionidin, 500, 501
	chaparral, 159		rhodionin, 500, 501
	cinnamon, 162		rhodiosin, 500, 501
	cohosh, blue, 180		Rhodotorula, 283
	dandelion, 205		Rhodotorula glutinis, 46, 509
	elecampane, 240		Rhubarb, 506
	eucalyptus, 247		rhynchophylline, 132, 133
	euphorbia, 249		Robinia alata, 379
	guaiacum, 344		Rockweed, 273
	motherwort, 447		Rodiola, 500
	myrrh, 449		Roman Chamomile, 156
	respiratory allergy, 356		Rosaceae, 42, 75, 105, 346, 423, 459, 495
	respiratory catarrh, 54, 479		rosarin, 500, 501
	respiratory depression, 417		rosavin, 500, 501
	respiratory stimulation, 184		Rose root, 500
	respiratory tract		Rosemary, 508
	fluid increase, 58		rosin, 500, 501
	infections, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 443, 482		rosiridin, 500, 501
	restlessness, 195, 245, 355		rosiridol, 500, 501
	nervous, 463		rosmaricine, 509
	reticuline, 91		rosmarinic acid, 188, 189, 425, 508, 510, 512
	Rhamnaceae, 128, 270		Rosmarinus laxiflorus, 508
	rhamnazin		Rosmarinus officinalis, 508
	mistletoe, 437		rossoliside, 215
	rhamnetin, 166		rotenoids, 379
	Rhamni Purshianae Cortex, 128		rotenone, 379, 380
	rhamnose, 188, 195, 409, 498		rotundifarine, 30
	Rhamnus, 128		rotundifuran, 36, 37
	Rhamnus frangula, 270		Round-leaved Sundew, 215
	Rhamnus purshiana, 128		roundworm treatment, 240, 572
	rheidin, 506		Rubbed Thyme, 574
	rhein, 506		Rubiaceae, 132, 164
	Rheum officinale, 506		rubichloric acid, 164
	Rheum palmatum, 506		Rubus, 495
	Rheum potaninii, 506		Rubus idaeus, 495
	Rheum qinlingense, 506		Rudbeckia hispida, 217
	Rheum tanguticum, 506		Rudbeckia pallida, 217
	rheumatic ailments, 598		Rudbeckia purpurea, 217
	rheumatic diseases, 54, 371, 484, 486		Rudbeckia serotina, 217
	treatment, 208, 482		Rumex crispus, 608
	rheumatic pains, 180, 518		Rumex odontocarpus, 608
	rheumatic therapy, 452		Russian Comfrey, 188

Rutaceae, 100, 484, 486 rutin, 29, 30, 31, 32

buchu, 100 cereus, 151

chamomile, Roman, 156 elder, 237

eucalyptus, 247 fumitory, 276 ground ivy, 342 hawthorn, 346 hops, 354 horse-chestnut, 363 maté, 421 motherwort, 447 saw palmetto, 521

Sabal, 521

Sabal serrulata, 521 sabinene, 386

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 426 Saccharomyces pastorianus, 383 sachaliside, 500, 501

safety of herbal ingredients, 11 safrole, 12, 162, 518

Sage, 512

Saigon Cassia, 162 Saigon Cinnamon, 162 salads, 96, 188, 205 Salicaceae, 482, 598 salicin, 423, 482, 599 salicortin, 482 salicylaldehyde, 130, 423 salicylates, 423, 598

salicylic acid, 42, 87, 89, 164, 169, 423, 533 salidroside, 500, 501

saligenin, 483, 599

Salisburia adiantifolia, 299 Salisburia biloba, 299 Salix, 598

Salix alba, 598 Salix fragilis, 598 Salix pentandra, 598 Salix purpurea, 598

Salmonella, 160, 283, 513, 583

Salmonella paratyphi, 338

Salmonella typhi, 147, 283, 322, 338

Salmonella typhimurium, 51, 65, 66, 103, 123, 432, 597, 597

Saloop, 518

Salvia lavandulifolia, 512 Salvia officinalis, 512 Sambucus, 237

Sambucus canadensis, 237 Sambucus formosana, 238 Sambucus nigra, 237 sambunigrin, 237

San Qi, 325

Sanchi Ginseng, 325 Sanguinaria, 84

Sanguinaria australis, 84 Sanguinaria canadensis, 84 Sanguinaria dilleniana, 84 sanguinarine, 84, 85, 138, 143 Sanguisorba, 105

Sanguisorba officinalis, 105 Sanguisorba polygama, 105 Sanguisorbin, 105

Sapium sylvaticum, 493 sapogenins, 325

Saponaria officinalis, 238

		Index	707
saponin glycosides, 371	sennidin, 506, 537	kava, 396	I
saponin-containing ingredients, see Appendix 2,	sennosides, 537, 538	Skullcap, 530
Table 19	septicaemia, 219	Skunk Cabbage, 543
saponins, 13, 30, 121, 137	Serenoa, 521	sleep disorders, 355, 425, 464, 581, 583
Sarcina lutea, 531	Serenoa repens, 521	see also insomnia
Sarcinia lutea, 65	Serenoa serrulata, 521	sleep disturbance, 427
sarothamine, 98	serine, 371, 409, 474	sleep induction, 391, 392
Sarothamnus scoparius, 98	serotonin, 452, 453, 543, 552	sleeplessness, 184, 422
sarracine, 189	decrease, 119	Slippery Elm, 545
Sarsaparilla, 515	sesquiterpene bisabolol compounds, 152, 153	Small Pasque Flower, 489
sarsaparilloside, 516	sesquiterpene lactones, 30, 31, 64, 94, 108, 109, 205,	Smallage, 146
sarsasapogenin, 516	241, 241, 263, 265, 572, 596	Small-leaved Lime, 409
sarsasaponin, 516	sesquiterpene(s), 30, 31	Smilacaceae, 515
sarsaspogenin, 610	artichoke, 67	smilacin, 516
Sassafras, 518, 16	asafoetida, 72	smilagenin, 516
Sassafras albidum, 518	boneset, 94	Smilax febrifuga, 515
Sassafras sassfras, 518	burdock, 102	Smilax ornata, 515
Savéntaro, 132	butterbur, 107, 109	Smilax purhampuy, 515
Saw Palmetto, 521	calamus, 118	Smilax regelii, 515
Saxifragaceae, 369	celery, 146	smoking cessation
Saxifrax, 518	chamomile, German, 152, 153	St John's wort, 556
scabies, 58	dandelion, 205	Smooth Hydrangea, 369
Scabwort, 240	eucalyptus, 247	smooth muscle
scalds, treatment, 123	ginger, 294	contraction, 250, 283
Scented Mayweed, 152	ginkgo, 299	relaxation, 184, 240, 244, 283
schaftoside, 461	holy thistle, 352	stimulation, 181, 542
schizophrenia, 253	hops, 354	Snake Root, 533
sciatica, 169, 551	juniper, 386	Snakeroot, 94
Scilla, 547	melissa, 425	Snakeweed, 249
scillaren A and B, 547	parsley, 456	sodium retention, 78
scillicyanoside, 547	valerian, 581	Solanaceae, 125
scilliglaucoside, 547	Seven Barks, 369	Somali Myrrh, 449
scoparin, 98	sexual dysfunction	somatic symptoms, 173
Scoparius, 98	antidepressant-related, 307, 561	sore throat, acute, 42
scopoletin, 57, 64, 89, 156, 164, 367, 419, 452, 462,	sexual function	soups, 96, 188, 205, 452
491	increased, 465	Southern Bayberry, 77
scopoletin glucoside, 363	sexual inadequacy related depression, 327	Southern Prickly Ash, 486
scopoletin-7-glucoside, see scopolin	Shan Ling Ma Huang, 243	Southern Wax Myrtle, 77
scopolin, 29, 30, 363	shengmanol, 168, 170	soyasapogenin, 45
Scrophularia, 268	Shepherd's Purse, 541	sparteine, 29, 98, 99
Scrophularia nodosa, 268	Shigella dysenteriae, 147, 338	Spartium scoparium, 98
Scrophulariaceae, 256, 268	Shigella flexneri, 103, 173, 578, 605, 609	spasmolytic activity, 84, 118, 119, 522, 523
Scullcap, 530, 16	Shigella sonnei, 103, 173, 426, 513, 578, 605,	speciophylline, 132, 133
scutellarein, 530	609	sperm, and echinacea, 232
Scutellaria, 530	shikimic acid, 29	spices, 57, 125, 162, 294
Scutellaria baicalensis, 530	shogaol, 294	a-spinasterol, 89
Scutellaria lanceolaria, 530	Short Buchu, 100	spirobenzoquinolines, 276
Scutellaria lateriflora, 530	Siberian Ginseng, 315	Spogel, 374
Scutellaria macrantha, 530	silandrin, 429, 430	sprains, 64
scutellarin, 530	silhermin, 429	sputum
Sea Onion, 547	silibinin, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433	scanty, 547
seasonal affective disorder, 557	silichristin, 430	viscosity, 535
Seawrack, 273	silicic acid, 42, 188, 195, 452	Squaw Mint, 470
secretolytic affect, 58	silicon, 452	Squaw root, 180
sedative activity, 153, 427	silidianin, 429, 430	Squaw Weed, 407
sedative ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 7	silimonin, 429	Squill, 547
Sedum rosea, 500	silybin, 429, 430, 431	St Bartholomew's Tea, 421
Sedum roseum, 500	Silybum marianum, 429, 432	St John's Wort, 549
seizures, 59	silychristin, 430	drug interactions, 21
Selenicereus grandiflorus, 151	silymarin, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433	valerian, combination, 586
Senecio aureus, 407	Simarouba excelsa, 491	St Mary's Thistle, 429
senecionine, 185, 186, 407	Simaroubaceae, 491	stachydrine, 447, 604
Senega, 533	similikilactone, 491	stachyose, 207, 474
Senega Root, 533	sinensetin, 382, 383	Staphylococcus albus, 147, 509
Senega Snakeroot, 533	sinigrin, 29, 367, 541, 542	Staphylococcus aureus
senegin, 533	sinusitis, treatment, 243	agrimony, 43
senegrin, 533	sitosterols, 30, 31, 166, 240, 249, 521, 572	arnica, 65
senkirkine, 185, 186	Sjögren's syndrome, 253	bilberry, 81
Senna, 537	skin inflammation, 544, 601	burdock, 103
Senna acutifolia, 537	skin reactions	celery, 147
Senna alexandrina, 537	butterbur, 113	chaparral, 160
Senna angustifolia, 537	chamomile, German, 154	cohosh, black, 173

	708	Index
I	Staphylococcus aureus (cont.)
	coltsfoot, 186
	damiana, 202

garlic, 283

holy thistle, 353 java tea, 383 liquorice, 413 marshmallow, 419 meadowsweet, 424 melissa, 426

methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 283 milk thistle, 432

plantain, 475 rosemary, 509 scullcap, 531

St John's wort, 553 uva-ursi, 578 yarrow, 605

yellow dock, 609

Staphylococcus epidermidis, 424 Staphylococcus spp., 283, 338 starch, 77, 84, 118, 180, 201, 293 Starflower oil, 96, 97

Starwort, 258

stearic acid, 42, 87, 102, 251, 293 stenosis, 271, 539

Sterculia acuminata, 183 Sterculiaceae, 183 steroidal activity, 319, 411 steroidal sapogenins, 261

steroids, 45, 132, 342, 344, 352, 449, 521, 572 kava, 390

sterols, 94, 240, 249, 429 Stigma Maydis, 191

stigmasterols, 30, 31, 166, 188, 240, 249, 429, 572

Stillingia, 493 stillingia factors, 493

Stillingia sylvatica, 493 stimulants, 126, 180 Stinging Nettle, 452 stomach cramps, 54 stomach pains, severe, 181 stomatitis, 167, 512

Stone Root, 570

Streptococcus faecalis, 147, 283, 353 Streptococcus haemolyticus, 432 Streptococcus mutans, 383, 594 Streptococcus pyogenes, 147, 553

Streptococcus spp., 160, 338, 578 stress resistance, 317, 327

stroke

acute ischaemic, 307 substitution/adulteration, 8

sugars, 94, 98, 102, 118, 130, 162, 183, 249 Sundew, 215

Surinam Quassia, 491 swallow wort, 136 Sweet Balm, 425

Sweet False Chamomile, 152 Sweet Flag, 118

sweroside, 89, 149 swertiamarin, 149 swertiamarine, 290 swertisin, 461 symlandine, 188

sympathomimetic ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 15

symphytine, 29, 188

Symphytum asperum, 188 Symphytum officinale, 188 Symphytum Radix, 188

Symphytum uplandicum, 188 Symplocarpus foetidus, 543

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 47, 134 SLE-like syndrome, 46

Syzygium aromaticum, 166 Syzygium cuminii, 167

T. europaea, 409 Tabasco Pepper, 125 tachycardia, 245 tamoxifen

cohosh, black, and, 177 Tanacetum, 572

Tanacetum audibertii, 572 Tanacetum parthenium, 263 Tanacetum vulgare, 572 tannic acid, 94, 185, 403

tannin-containing ingredients, see Appendix 2, Table 20

tannins, 29, 30, 31, 33, 36 Tansy, 572

taraxacoside, 204 Taraxacum, 204

Taraxacum officinale, 204 Taraxacum palustre, 204 taraxerol, 77, 249 taraxerone, 77

tartaric acid, 185, 379 Tasmanian Bluegum, 247 taxanes, 30, 31 taxifolin, 429, 430, 547 tendonitis, 208

terpene aldehydes, 456 terpene lactones, 301

terpenes, 30, 159, 279, 405, 409, 512 terpenoids, constituents of

arnica, 64 bayberry, 77 boneset, 94 calendula, 121

cohosh, black, 168, 170 dandelion, 205 elecampane, 240 ephedra, 243 euphorbia, 249 feverfew, 263

ginkgo, 299 ginseng, panax, 325 ground ivy, 342 guaiacum, 345 hops, 354

horehound, white, 361 hydrocotyle, 371 liquorice, 411 motherwort, 447 myrrh, 449

quassia, 491 queen's delight, 493 rosemary, 508 senega, 533

tansy, 572 uva-ursi, 577 wild lettuce, 596 yucca, 610

terpinen-4-ol, 243, 386, 387, 593, 594, 604 terpinene, 386, 574

terpineol, 31, 243, 405, 409, 530 tetrahydroalstonine, 133 tetramethoxyflavones, 382, 383 tetramethylscutellarein, 382, 383

tetraphyllin B, 201 tetrochrysin, 570 Tetterwort, 84 Teucrium spp., 16, 531

theobromine, 183, 184, 421 theophylline, 421 thiamine, 42

thiazide diuretics, 52 cascara and, 129 senna and, 539

thioacrolein, 280 thiophenes, 102 Thoroughwort, 94

threadworm treatment, 240, 572 threonine, 45, 268

throat irritation, 88 thrombotic conditions, 605

thujone(s), 31, 512, 518, 572, 604 Thyme, 574

thymol, 201, 574 thymoleptic properties, 183 thymonin, 574

Thymus aestivus, 574 Thymus ilerdensis, 574 Thymus melissa, 425 Thymus sabulicola, 574 Thymus sylvestris, 574 Thymus valentinus, 574 Thymus vulgaris, 574 Thymus webbianus, 574 Thymus welwitschii, 574 Thymus zygis, 574 thyroid disease, 245 Tienchi Ginseng, 325 tiglianes, 30, 31

tiglic acid esters, 156 tigogenin, 610

Tilia vulgaris, 409 Tilia cordata, 409 Tilia officinarum, 409 Tilia parvifolia, 409

Tilia platyphyllos, 409 Tilia ulmifolia, 409 Tiliaceae, 409 tiliroside, 409 Tinnevelly Senna, 537 tinnitus, 169, 306, 578

vascular origin, 300 tissue inflammation, 367 tonsilitis, 479 toothache, 166

Toothache Bark, 484, 486 Toothache-tree, 484 toothpastes, 85

Torulopsis glabrata, 513

Torulopsis spp., 46, 283 Touch-Me-Not, 315 toxic constituents, 12 toxic elements, 9

toxic metals, 11 tracheitis, 58 trachelogenin, 352

traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 54 trans-anethole, 57, 59, 193, 462

travel sickness, 153, 294 Trefoil, 498

tremors, 184, 422 tremulacin, 599

Treponema pallidum, 338 Trichomonas, 85 Trichomonas vaginalis, 338 Trichophyton, 283

		Index	709
Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 65, 383	United Kingdom regulatory controls, 5, 6	Verbena triphylla, 405	I
Trichosporon, 283	licensed products, 6	Verbenaceae, 405, 591
tricin, 193	licensing-exempt remedies, 6	verbenalin, 591
trifolioside, 89	Urginea, 547	verbenin, 591
Trifolium borysthenicum, 498	Urginea indica, 547, 548	vertigo, 99, 300, 526
Trifolium bracteatum, 498	Urginea maritima, 547	Vervain, 591
Trifolium lenkoranicum, 498	Urginea scilla, 547, 548	vesicular calculi, 340
Trifolium pratense, 498	urinary antiseptic, 541, 577, 605	Vibrio, 283
Trifolium repens, 498	urinary calculi, 369, 593	Vibrio cholerae, 147, 283, 338, 509
Trifolium ukrainicum, 498	urinary gravel, 593	vimalin, 500
trifoside, 498	urinary incontinence, 42	vinyldithiines, 279, 280
trigalloyl glucose, 33	urinary porphyrins, 43	viral infections, 253
Trigonella foenum-graecum, 260	urinary system inflammation	Virginian Witch Hazel, 601
Trigonella upendrae, 45	acute, 191	viscotoxins, 12, 437, 438
trigonelline, 260, 261, 604	chronic, 191	Viscum, 436
trimethylamine, 64	urinary tract infection, 193, 197, 452	Viscum album, 436
triterpene glycosides, 180	prevention, 198	visual disorders, 307
triterpene hydrocarbons, 152	treatment, 199	visual disturbances, 398
triterpenes, 31	urinary tract pain, 108	vitality, 317
triterpenes, in, 30	uronic acid, 185	vitamin A, 125, 205
agrimony, 42	ursolic acid, 30, 31, 237, 342, 421, 447, 474	vitamin C, 42, 79, 105, 125, 215, 386, 423, 474, 495,
boneset, 94	Urtica, 452	604, 604
cat's claw, 134	Urtica dioica, 452	vitamin K, 42, 541
coltsfoot, 185	Urticaceae, 452	vitamin(s), 42, 45, 46, 166
comfrey, 188	urticin, 453	Vitex agnus-castus, 36
dandelion, 205	uterine atony, 180	vitexilactone, 36, 37
elder, 237	uterine colic, 169	vitexin, 98, 261, 461, 547
elecampane, 241	uterine contraction, 54, 99	glycosides, 346, 347
euphorbia, 249	uterine depressants, 490	vitexlactam, 36, 37
ginkgo, 299	uterine relaxation, 54	volatile oils
hydrocotyle, 371	uterine stimulants, 103, 126, 490	in pregnancy, 19
pokeroot, 479	uterotonic activity	vomiting
pulsatilla, 489	herbal remedies affecting	aloes contra-indication, 52
sage, 512	angelica, 54	herbal remedies causing/side-effect
stone root, 570	calendula, 122	aniseed, 59
triterpenoids, 123, 149, 315, 317, 352, 472	cohosh, blue, 180	apricot, 62
Triticum, 193	comfrey, 189	blue flag, 87
Triticum repens, 193	liferoot, 407	bogbean, 90
tropanes, 29	motherwort, 448	elder, 238
True Cinnamon, 162	in pregnancy, 19	false unicorn, 258
True Sage, 512	Uva-Ursi, 577	lobelia, 417
tryptophan, 45, 159, 260, 299, 474	Uña de gato, 132	pokeroot, 480
Tu Mu Xiang, 240	.	squill, 548
tuberculosis, 159		herbal remedies preventing, 296
tumour necrosis factor (TNF), 221, 232, 393		ginger, 294, 296
tumour-promoting activity, 163		herbal remedies treating
turicin, 447	Vaccinium macrocarpon, 197	chamomile, Roman, 156
Turnera aphrodisiaca, 201	Vaccinium myrtillus, 79	horehound, black, 358
Turnera diffusa, 201	Vaccinium oxycoccus, 197	pregnancy, 156, 258
Turneraceae, 201	valepotriates, 580, 581, 582	vulgarol, 361
tussilagine, 185, 186	valerenic acid, 582	vulnerary properties, 188
Tussilago farfara, 185	Valerian, 580	.
tussilagone, 185, 186	Valeriana officinalis, 427, 578, 580
Twitch, 193	Valeriana wallichi, 583
Twitchgrass, 193	Valerianaceae, 580
tyramine, 151	valerianine, 580	Wacholderbeeren, 386
tyrosine, 159, 268, 342	valerine, 371, 580	Waghi, 389
tyrosol, 500, 501	valine, 45, 159, 237, 256, 268, 342	water retention, 78
	valtrates, 580, 581	Wati, 389
.	vanillic acid, 30	Wax Myrtle Bark, 77
	varicose veins, 122, 601	waxes, 94, 98, 149, 247, 447
	vascular disorders, 81	West Indian Dogwood, 379
ulcerative colitis, 52, 105, 271, 539	vasodilatory properties, 252, 362	whipworm treatment, 240
Ulmaceae, 545	venereal disease, 159	White Ginseng, 325, 326
Ulmus fulva, 545	venous insufficiency, chronic, 306, 363, 364	White Horehound, 361
Ulmus rubra, 545	venous tone, 363	White Poplar, 482
Umbelliferae, 53, 57, 146, 371, 456, 593	venous ulcers, 306	White Squill, 547
umbelliferone, 57, 64, 152, 153, 164, 369, 411, 462	ventricular tachycardia, 269	whooping cough, 169, 361, 575
umbelliprenine, 57	Veratrum luteum, 258	whortleberry, 79
Umbrella Plant, 107	verbascoside, 219, 591	Wild Carrot, 593
Uncaria guianensis, 132	Verbena, 591	Wild Celery, 146
Uncaria tomentosa, 132	Verbena citriodora, 405	Wild Chamomile, 152
uncarine F, 132, 133	Verbena officinalis, 591	Wild Hydrangea, 369

710 Index

Wild Lettuce, 596 I Wild Pepper, 315

Willow, 598 Witch Hazel, 601 Wolf's Bane, 64 Wood Avens, 75 Wood Spider, 207

Working Group on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPWG), 4

World Health Organization (WHO), 7 World-wide regulatory controls

authenticity of ingredients, 10, 7 efficacy, 7

quality control, 8 regulated products, 10

reproducibility of ingredients, 10 safety, 7

unregulated products, 8

World Health Organization (WHO), 7 wound healing, 48, 80, 154, 189, 222

xanthines, 29, 183, 184, 421, 422 xanthohumol, 354

xanthones, 149, 290, 291, 533

xanthorhamnin, 249

Xanthorhiza simplicissima, 337 Xanthorrhoaceae, 48 Xanthorrhoeaceae, 50 xanthotoxin, 53

xanthoxyletin, 484 Xanthoxylum, 484, 486 xanthyletin, 484 xyloglucan, 218

xylose, 48, 188, 195, 374, 449, 498

yamogenin, 261 yangonin, 391, 392

Yao Yong Da Huang, 506 Yarrow, 604

Yaw Root, 493 Yellow Dock, 608 Yellow Gentian, 290 Yellow Root, 337 Yellow Starwort, 240 Yemen Myrrh, 449 Yerba Maté, 421 Yin Xing, 299

Yin Xing Ye, 299

Yucca, 610

Yucca arborescens, 610

Yucca brevifolia, 610

Yucca glauca, 610

Yucca mohavensis, 610

Yucca schidigera, 610

Zanthoxylum, 484, 486

Zanthoxylum americana, 484 Zanthoxylum clava-herculis, 486 Zea, 191

Zea mays, 191

Zhang Ye Da Huang, 506 Zhong Ma Huang, 243 Zimbro, 386

zingerone, 294 Zingiber, 293

Zingiber officinale, 293 Zingiberaceae, 293 zingiberene, 294

ziyu glycosides, 105 Zygophyllaceae, 159, 344

<<< < Предыдущая 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 9293 / 9393

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	Index	697
Eleutherococcus senticosus, 315	essential oils, 382	I
eleutherosides, 315, 316	see also Appendix 2, Table 21
ellagitannins, 31	esters
Elymus repens, 193	kava, 390
Elytrigia repens, 193	estragole, 12, 57
emetics, 46, 77, 84, 98, 157	eucalyptol, 247, 604
emmenagogues, 46, 169, 180, 408	eucalyptrin, 247
emodin, 506, 608	Eucalyptus, 247, 248
emodin glycosides, 270	Eucalyptus globulus, 247
endometriosis, 253	Eucalyptus maidenii, 247
Entamoeba histolytica, 160, 283, 372, 492	eucalyptus oil, 248
Enterobacter spp., 578	eudesmane, 30, 31
Enterococcus, 383	eudesmanolides, 263
Enterococcus faecalis, 199	eudesmolides, 30, 31
enteropathy, 352	eufoliatin, 94
enzymes, 279	eufoliatorin, 94
Ephedra, 243	Eugenia aromatica, 166
Ephedra equisetina, 243	Eugenia caryophyllata, 166
Ephedra gerardiana, 243	Eugenia caryophyllus, 166
Ephedra intermedia, 243	eugenol, 75, 162, 166, 167, 405, 409, 411, 449, 462,
Ephedra mahuang, 243	580, 580
Ephedra major, 243	eugenol acetate, 167
Ephedra nebrodensis, 243	eukovoside, 256
Ephedra scoparia, 243	euparin, 340
Ephedra shennungiana, 243	eupatorin, 94, 382, 405
Ephedra sinica, 243	eupatoriopicrin, 95
Ephedraceae, 243	Eupatorium cannabinum, 95
ephedradines, 243	Eupatorium chapmanii, 94
ephedrannin A, 244	Eupatorium perfoliatum, 94
ephedrans, 243	Eupatorium purpureum, 340
ephedrine, 29, 243, 244, 245	Eupatorium trifoliatum, 340
pharmacological properties, 245	euperfolide, 94
toxicity, 245	euperfolin, 94
ephedroxane, 243	euperfolitin, 94
epicatechin, 33, 79, 195	Euphorbia, 249
Epidermaphyton, 283	Euphorbia capitata, 249
Epidermaphyton floccosum, 198	Euphorbia hirta, 249
Epidermaphyton spp., 65	Euphorbiaceae, 493
epigallocatechin, 195	euphrasia, 256
epilepsy, 97, 343, 530	Euphrasia officinalis, 256
temporal lobe, 254	Euphrasia rostkoviana, 256
epinine, 98	euphroside, 256
Epstein–Barr virus, inhibition, 413, 448	European Cranberry, 197
Ericaceae, 79, 197, 577	European Elder, 237
eriodictyol, 574	European Medicines Agency, 4
erythbigenin, 379	European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA),
erythema nodosum, 231	5, 5
Erythina piscipula, 379	European Pharmacopoeia (Ph Eur), 10
Erythraea centaurium, 149	European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy
erythrolysis, 181	(ESCOP), 5
Escherichia coli	Evening Primrose, 251
bilberry, 81	excessive perspiration, 512
burdock, 103	Excoecaria sylvatica, 493
cinnamon, 163	exhaustion, 183
cohosh, black, 173	expectorant effect
cranberry, 198, 199	angelica, 54
damiana, 202	aniseed, 58
garlic, 283	asafoetida, 72
golden seal, 338	bloodroot, 84
holy thistle, 353	borage, 96
java tea, 383	coltsfoot, 185
meadowsweet, 424	eucalyptus, 247
melissa, 426	ginkgo, 300
milk thistle, 432	horehound, white, 362
rosemary, 509	lobeline, 417
sage, 513	squill, 547
scullcap, 531	thyme, 575
uva-ursi, 578	extrapyramidal symptoms, 399
yarrow, 605	exudative skin eruptions, 493
yellow dock, 609	eye abnormalities, 127
a-escin, 363	eye inflammation, 87
b-escin, 363	Eyebright, 256

	700	Index
I	herpes simplex virus type 2, 230
	Hippocastanaceae, 363
	hirsuteine, 132, 133