- •Contents
- •General editors’ preface
- •Preface
- •Contributors
- •Table of cases cited by name
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Netherlands
- •New Zealand
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •United States of America
- •Table of legislation
- •Austria
- •Belgium
- •Denmark
- •England
- •Finland
- •France
- •Germany
- •Greece
- •Ireland
- •Italy
- •Netherlands
- •Portugal
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Spain
- •Sweden
- •Abbreviations
- •1 Introduction: security rights in movable property within the common market and the approach of the study
- •A. A short survey of the status quo
- •I. Economic reasons for the existence of security rights
- •II. Security rights in movable property: main divergencies
- •III. Private international law
- •1. Tangible movables: lex rei sitae and the limits of the doctrine of transposition
- •2. Claims: article 12 of the Rome Convention and its various interpretations
- •IV. The need for harmonisation within the EU
- •V. Attempts at harmonisation or unification: past and present
- •1. European Union
- •2. UNCITRAL
- •3. UNIDROIT
- •4. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- •B. The approach and purpose of the study
- •I. The ‘Common Core methodology’ as applied to secured transactions
- •II. Surveying the legal landscape against the background of a need for harmonisation
- •III. The genesis of the book
- •1. Narrowing down the topic
- •2. On terminology and the glossary
- •3. Order of the national reports
- •Bibliography
- •2 A labyrinth of creditors: a short introduction to the history of security interests in goods
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Justinian Roman law
- •3. Later developments in the European ius commune
- •4. Security interests in movables in the continental European codes
- •5. Common law and civil law
- •Bibliography
- •Brief description of key features of Article 9
- •History and context
- •Article 9 in depth
- •Creation, attachment and enforceability of a security interest
- •Scope of Article 9’s coverage
- •Perfection
- •How is perfection achieved?
- •Priority rules
- •Third-party rights
- •The filing system
- •Post-default rights and remedies
- •Conclusion
- •A. Article 9 through the eyes of an English lawyer
- •B. The values of English law
- •C. The future of English law
- •D. Summary
- •Postscript
- •Bibliography
- •5 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Secured Transactions Project: a model law and ten core principles for a modern secured transactions law in countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and elsewhere!)
- •Introduction
- •The EBRD Model Law on Secured Transactions: four objectives
- •The EBRD Ten Core Principles
- •How does the Model Law score? Answers to the questionnaire
- •Cases 1 and 2
- •Case 3
- •Case 4
- •Cases 5 and 6
- •Cases 7 and 8
- •Cases 9 and 11
- •Cases 10 and 14
- •Cases 12 and 13
- •Case 15 and a conclusion
- •Abbreviations
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Evaluation/Comparative observations
- •Bibliographies
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Comparative observations
- •Glossary
- •I. Introduction
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Effects of bankruptcy
- •General remarks on transfer of ownership
- •Comparative observations
- •part (a)
- •Passing of ownership
- •part (b)
- •part (c)
- •Case 2: The deceived seller
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Abstract and causal systems
- •Protection of third parties
- •Case 3: Machinery supplied to be used by the buyer
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (e)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 4: Jackets for resale
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Case 5: Motor cars supplied and resold (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •(i) Solutions which do not require additional clauses or transactions
- •(iii) Assignment of the proceeds
- •(v) Contracts other than sale under retention of title (consignment and commission)
- •(vi) Rights in the sold goods other than retention of title
- •(vii) Summary
- •Case 6: Motor cars supplied and resold (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Case 7: Supply of material to manufacturer (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 8: Supply of material to manufacturer (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 9: Too many toasters
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •(i) Validity of all-sums clauses
- •(ii) Invalidity of all-sums clauses
- •(iii) All-sums clauses and commingling
- •(iv) Invalidity of simple retention of title
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •(i) Principle of publicity
- •(iii) Unconscionability
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •(i) Use of ownership for security purposes
- •(ii) Security rights based on the idea of a pledge without dispossession
- •Part (d)
- •Case 11: Bank loan for a wholesaler
- •Questions
- •Variation
- •Discussions
- •Stock-in-trade containing goods sold under retention of title
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Variation
- •Case 12: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •(iii) Further requirements
- •Case 13: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 14: Finance leasing of computers
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 15: Indebted businessman sells business to brother
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Parts (b) and (c)
- •A. General tendencies
- •I. Common developments
- •1. Evolution of secured transactions law outside the Civil Codes
- •2. No unitary, functional approach to security rights
- •3. Enlarging the range of security rights
- •4. Limiting the rights of secured creditors in insolvency
- •6. The rise of contractual devices coupled with title-based security rights
- •II. Persisting differences
- •1. General attitude towards security rights in movables
- •B. Convergences and divergences in relation to specific security rights
- •I. Security rights with strong convergence
- •1. Simple retention of title
- •2. Leasing
- •II. Security rights where some elements of convergence are present but where significant differences continue to subsist
- •1. Security rights in entities of property -- enterprise charge
- •2. Security assignment of claims or charge over claims (outside retention of title)
- •3. Extensions of retention of title
- •4. Non-possessory security rights in individualised property (other than retention of title and leasing)
- •C. Possible ways towards harmonisation
- •I. Simple retention of title
- •II. Harmonisation or unification beyond simple retention of title
- •1. Form, scope and context
- •2. Main policy choices concerning the substantive rules
- •(a) Uniform, functional approach
- •(b) Range of possible collateral
- •(c) Publicity
- •(d) Priority
- •(e) Special rules for purchase-money security interests
- •Bibliography
- •Index by country
- •Index by subject
|
t a b l e o f l e g i s l a t i o n xxxix |
Law 108 of 7 March 1996 (usury) |
501, 582 |
Royal Decree 436 of 15 March 1927 (registry of |
|
motor vehicles) |
319, 453--454 |
Netherlands |
|
Civil Code 1838 |
|
6.231 ff. |
270 |
670 (charges on bills of lading) |
48 |
1198 |
47 |
1555 |
50 |
Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetboek) (BW) 1992 |
|
3:7 |
457--458 |
3:11 |
323--324 |
3:44 |
238 |
3:45 |
506 |
3:46 |
507, 635 |
3:53 |
238 |
3:81 |
325 |
3:82 |
457--458 |
3:84 |
201--202, 204, |
|
323--324, 456, 504, |
|
651--652 |
3:84(3) |
58, 203--204, 396--397, |
|
456, 609 n.36 |
3:86 |
238, 323--324 |
3:90 |
201--202 |
3:92(1) |
268 |
3:92(2) |
12, 381, 425 |
3:94 |
324 |
3:95 |
202 n.95 |
3:97 |
381--382, 504 |
3:98 |
201 n.94, 381--382, |
|
456, 504 |
3:115 |
201--202 |
3:236(2) |
324, 553 |
3:237(1) |
456 |
3:237(3) |
505 |
3:239 |
583--584 |
3:239(1) |
324--325, 553 |
xl |
t a b l e o f l e g i s l a t i o n |
|
|
3:246 |
584--585 |
|
3:246(1) |
325, 554 |
|
3:246(5) |
325, 554 |
|
3:255 |
554--555, 584--585 |
|
3:276 |
635 |
|
3:278--9 |
505 |
|
3:284 |
505 |
|
3:287 |
505 |
|
3:292 |
505 |
|
3:326(1) |
456 |
|
3:329(3) |
554 |
|
5:14 |
504 n.61 |
|
5:16 |
379--381 |
|
6:40 |
203 |
|
6:40(a) |
268--269 |
|
6:228 |
238 |
|
6:269 |
203--221 |
|
6:271 |
203--221 |
|
7:9 |
204, 269 |
|
7:39 |
202 |
|
7:44 |
202--203 |
|
7:226 (draft) 920.8--16 |
458 |
|
7A:1576h |
58, 608, 609--610 |
|
7A: 1576l(2) |
458 |
Civil Procedure Code (Wetboek van Burgerlijke |
|
|
|
Rechtsvordering) (RV) |
|
|
477 |
408 |
|
478h(1) |
408 |
Insolvency Act (Faillissementswet) (Fw) |
|
|
|
20 |
505 |
|
23 |
382, 505, 584 |
|
35 |
584 |
|
35(2) |
382, 505 |
|
37 |
204, 268--269 |
|
42 |
202, 506--507, 635 |
|
47 |
507 |
|
52 |
408 |
|
57 |
505, 584--585 |
|
58 |
505 |
|
63a |
202, 268--269, 505 |
|
182 |
505 |
t a b l e o f l e g i s l a t i o n |
xli |
|
Political Ordonance 1580 |
44 |
|
Revenue Law (Invorderingswet) (Rv) |
|
|
21 |
505 |
|
461a |
505--506 |
|
Portugal |
|
|
Bankruptcy Code (Codigo dos Processos Especiais de |
|
|
Recuperça˜o da Empresa e da Falˆencia) (CPEREF) |
|
|
46 |
450 |
|
128 |
190 |
|
146 |
579 |
|
147 |
190 |
|
154 |
235 |
|
155(4) |
261, 262, 289, 376, |
|
|
422 |
|
156(a) |
496 |
|
157 |
579 |
|
158(d) |
579 |
|
164 |
191 |
|
170 |
450, 603 |
|
201 |
235 |
|
201(c) |
544--545 |
|
209 |
495--496 |
|
Civil Code (Codigo Civil) (C.C.) |
|
|
240 |
630 |
|
241 |
602--603 |
|
274 |
544 |
|
282 |
496, 579 |
|
290 |
235 |
|
291 |
235 |
|
351 |
261, 375 |
|
405 |
449--450 |
|
408 |
189--190, 261 |
|
409 |
261 |
|
409(2) |
261--262, 316 |
|
435 |
189--190 |
|
577 |
544, 578--579 |
|
583 |
544--545, 578--579 |
|
583(2) |
545 |
|
584 |
579 |
|
xlii |
t a b l e o f l e g i s l a t i o n |
|
|
605 |
630 |
|
606 |
404--405 |
|
609 |
404--405 |
|
610 |
496, 630 |
|
612 |
630 |
|
669 |
495, 544 |
|
669(2) |
578--579 |
|
678 |
602--603 |
|
679 |
544, 578--579 |
|
684 |
544--545 |
|
685(2) |
545 |
|
686 |
449 |
|
687 |
449 |
|
688 |
449 |
|
694 |
449--450, 602--603 |
|
880 |
289, 346 |
|
886 |
190 |
|
1301 |
289 |
|
1311 n.1 |
289 |
|
1336 |
375 |
Civil Procedure Code (Codigo de Processo Civil) |
|
|
(CPC) |
856 |
579 |
|
||
|
865 |
495--496 |
Commercial Code (Codigo Comerciail) (C. Com.) |
|
|
|
398 |
495 |
DL No 29,833 of 17 Aug. 1939 |
495 |
|
DL No 149/95 |
|
|
|
1 |
602 |
|
9(b) |
602 |
|
18(b) |
602 |
Unfair Contract Terms Act (Lei das Clausulas |
|
|
Contratuais Gerais) (LCCG) |
|
|
|
5 |
262 |
|
11 |
262 |
Scotland |
|
|
Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985 |
|
|
|
34 |
514 |