- •Contents
- •General editors’ preface
- •Preface
- •Contributors
- •Table of cases cited by name
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Netherlands
- •New Zealand
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •United States of America
- •Table of legislation
- •Austria
- •Belgium
- •Denmark
- •England
- •Finland
- •France
- •Germany
- •Greece
- •Ireland
- •Italy
- •Netherlands
- •Portugal
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Spain
- •Sweden
- •Abbreviations
- •1 Introduction: security rights in movable property within the common market and the approach of the study
- •A. A short survey of the status quo
- •I. Economic reasons for the existence of security rights
- •II. Security rights in movable property: main divergencies
- •III. Private international law
- •1. Tangible movables: lex rei sitae and the limits of the doctrine of transposition
- •2. Claims: article 12 of the Rome Convention and its various interpretations
- •IV. The need for harmonisation within the EU
- •V. Attempts at harmonisation or unification: past and present
- •1. European Union
- •2. UNCITRAL
- •3. UNIDROIT
- •4. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- •B. The approach and purpose of the study
- •I. The ‘Common Core methodology’ as applied to secured transactions
- •II. Surveying the legal landscape against the background of a need for harmonisation
- •III. The genesis of the book
- •1. Narrowing down the topic
- •2. On terminology and the glossary
- •3. Order of the national reports
- •Bibliography
- •2 A labyrinth of creditors: a short introduction to the history of security interests in goods
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Justinian Roman law
- •3. Later developments in the European ius commune
- •4. Security interests in movables in the continental European codes
- •5. Common law and civil law
- •Bibliography
- •Brief description of key features of Article 9
- •History and context
- •Article 9 in depth
- •Creation, attachment and enforceability of a security interest
- •Scope of Article 9’s coverage
- •Perfection
- •How is perfection achieved?
- •Priority rules
- •Third-party rights
- •The filing system
- •Post-default rights and remedies
- •Conclusion
- •A. Article 9 through the eyes of an English lawyer
- •B. The values of English law
- •C. The future of English law
- •D. Summary
- •Postscript
- •Bibliography
- •5 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Secured Transactions Project: a model law and ten core principles for a modern secured transactions law in countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and elsewhere!)
- •Introduction
- •The EBRD Model Law on Secured Transactions: four objectives
- •The EBRD Ten Core Principles
- •How does the Model Law score? Answers to the questionnaire
- •Cases 1 and 2
- •Case 3
- •Case 4
- •Cases 5 and 6
- •Cases 7 and 8
- •Cases 9 and 11
- •Cases 10 and 14
- •Cases 12 and 13
- •Case 15 and a conclusion
- •Abbreviations
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Evaluation/Comparative observations
- •Bibliographies
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Comparative observations
- •Glossary
- •I. Introduction
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Effects of bankruptcy
- •General remarks on transfer of ownership
- •Comparative observations
- •part (a)
- •Passing of ownership
- •part (b)
- •part (c)
- •Case 2: The deceived seller
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Abstract and causal systems
- •Protection of third parties
- •Case 3: Machinery supplied to be used by the buyer
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (e)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 4: Jackets for resale
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Case 5: Motor cars supplied and resold (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •(i) Solutions which do not require additional clauses or transactions
- •(iii) Assignment of the proceeds
- •(v) Contracts other than sale under retention of title (consignment and commission)
- •(vi) Rights in the sold goods other than retention of title
- •(vii) Summary
- •Case 6: Motor cars supplied and resold (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Case 7: Supply of material to manufacturer (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 8: Supply of material to manufacturer (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 9: Too many toasters
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •(i) Validity of all-sums clauses
- •(ii) Invalidity of all-sums clauses
- •(iii) All-sums clauses and commingling
- •(iv) Invalidity of simple retention of title
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •(i) Principle of publicity
- •(iii) Unconscionability
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •(i) Use of ownership for security purposes
- •(ii) Security rights based on the idea of a pledge without dispossession
- •Part (d)
- •Case 11: Bank loan for a wholesaler
- •Questions
- •Variation
- •Discussions
- •Stock-in-trade containing goods sold under retention of title
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Variation
- •Case 12: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •(iii) Further requirements
- •Case 13: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 14: Finance leasing of computers
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 15: Indebted businessman sells business to brother
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Parts (b) and (c)
- •A. General tendencies
- •I. Common developments
- •1. Evolution of secured transactions law outside the Civil Codes
- •2. No unitary, functional approach to security rights
- •3. Enlarging the range of security rights
- •4. Limiting the rights of secured creditors in insolvency
- •6. The rise of contractual devices coupled with title-based security rights
- •II. Persisting differences
- •1. General attitude towards security rights in movables
- •B. Convergences and divergences in relation to specific security rights
- •I. Security rights with strong convergence
- •1. Simple retention of title
- •2. Leasing
- •II. Security rights where some elements of convergence are present but where significant differences continue to subsist
- •1. Security rights in entities of property -- enterprise charge
- •2. Security assignment of claims or charge over claims (outside retention of title)
- •3. Extensions of retention of title
- •4. Non-possessory security rights in individualised property (other than retention of title and leasing)
- •C. Possible ways towards harmonisation
- •I. Simple retention of title
- •II. Harmonisation or unification beyond simple retention of title
- •1. Form, scope and context
- •2. Main policy choices concerning the substantive rules
- •(a) Uniform, functional approach
- •(b) Range of possible collateral
- •(c) Publicity
- •(d) Priority
- •(e) Special rules for purchase-money security interests
- •Bibliography
- •Index by country
- •Index by subject
|
l i s t o f a b b r e v i a t i o n s |
125 |
Ch |
Law Reports, Chancery Division |
|
CP |
Common Pleas |
|
ILRM |
Irish Law Reports Monthly |
|
IR |
Irish Reports |
|
JBL |
Journal of Business Law |
|
LR |
Law Reports |
|
NZCLC |
New Zealand Company Law Cases |
|
QB |
Law Reports, Queen’s Bench Division |
|
SC |
Session Cases (Scotland) |
|
WLR |
Weekly Law Reports |
|
Scotland
AC |
Appeal Cases, Law Reports |
JR |
Juridical Review |
JLSS |
Journal of the Law Society of Scotland |
SC |
Session Cases |
SLT |
Scots Law Times |
South Africa
StellLR |
Stellenbosch Law Review |
TSAR |
Tydskrif vir die Suid Afrikaanse Reg |
Denmark
B |
section for legal literature in the weekly law reports |
CISG |
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the |
|
International Sale of Goods |
DKK |
Danish krone |
H |
Højesteret (Supreme Court); after a case in the weekly |
|
law reports, indicating that the case was decided by |
|
the Højesteret |
TfR |
Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap (law journal) |
U |
Ugeskrift for Retsvæsen (weekly law reports) |
Sweden
BGB |
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (German Civil Code) |
CISG |
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the |
|
International Sale of Goods |
NJA I |
Nytt Juridiskt Arkiv I (cases from the Supreme Court) |
NJA II |
Nytt Juridiskt Arkiv II (legislative preparatory works) |
SOU |
Statens Offentliga Utredningar (committee reports) |
SPV |
Special Purpose Vehicle |
SvJT |
Svensk Juristtidning (law journal) |
126 t h e c a s e s t u d i e s
Finland
AJL |
laki arvo-osuusjärjestelmästä/lag om värdeandelssystemet |
|
(17 May 1991/826) (Act on Book-entry System) |
AlusKiinL |
aluskiinnityslaki/lag om inteckning i fartyg (29 July |
|
1927/211) (Vessel Mortgage Act) |
ATL |
laki arvo-osuustileistä/lag om värdeandelskonton |
|
(17 May 1991/827) (Act on Book-entry Accounts) |
AutoKiinL |
autokiinnityslaki/lag om inteckning i bil (15 Dec. |
|
1972/810) (Vehicle Mortgage Act) |
Ilma-alusKiinL |
laki kiinnityksestä ilma-aluksiin/lag om inteckning i |
|
luftfartyg (15 June 1928/211) (Aircraft Mortgage Act) |
KK |
kauppakaari/handelsbalk (Commercial Code) |
KKO |
korkein oikeus (Supreme Court) |
KL |
kauppalaki/köplag (27 Mar. 1987/355) (Sale of Goods |
|
Act) |
KSL |
kuluttajansuojalaki/konsumentskyddslag (20 Jan. |
|
1978/38) (Consumer Protection Act) |
OsamKL |
laki osamaksukaupasta/lag om avbetalningsköp (18 Feb. |
|
1966/91) (Instalment Sales Act) |
OYL |
osakeyhtiölaki/lag om aktiebolag (29 Sep. 1978/734) |
|
(Companies Act) |
TakSL |
laki takaisinsaannista konkurssipesään/lag om |
|
återvinning till konkursbo (26 Apr. 1991/758) (Act on |
|
Recovery to Bankrupt’s Estate) |
VJL |
laki yksityishenkilön velkajärjestelystä/lag om |
|
skuldsanering för privatpersoner (25 Jan. 1993/57) |
|
(Act on Rearrangement of Private Person’s Debts) |
VKL |
velkakirjalaki/lag om skuldebrev (31 July 1947/622) |
|
(Act on Promissory Notes) |
YrKiinL |
yrityskiinnityslaki/företagsinteckningslag (24 Aug. |
|
1984/634) (Act on Enterprise Charge) |
YSL |
laki yrityksen saneerauksesta/lag om företagssanering |
|
(25 Jan. 1993/47) (Act on Reorganization of |
|
Enterprise) |
Evaluation/Comparative observations
AGBG |
Gesetz zur Regelung des Rechts der Allgemeinen |
|
Geschäftsbedingungen (German Act on Unfair Contract |
|
Terms) |
A.K. |
Astikos Kodikas (Greek Civil Code) |
All ER |
All England Law Reports |
Aranzadi |
Aranzadi, Repertorio de Jurisprudencia (law journal) |
|
l i s t o f a b b r e v i a t i o n s |
127 |
BGB |
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (German Civil Code) |
|
BGH |
Bundesgerichtshof (German Federal Supreme Court) |
|
BGHZ |
Entscheidungen des Bundesgerichtshofs für Zivilsachen |
|
|
(Decisions of the German Federal Supreme Court in |
|
|
Private Law Matters) |
|
BOE |
Boletín Oficial del Estado (Official Gazette of the |
|
|
Spanish State) |
|
BW |
Burgerlijk Wetboek (Dutch Civil Code) |
|
Cass. |
Cour de cassation (French or Belgian Supreme Court) |
|
C.c. |
Codice civile (Italian Civil Code) Código civil (Spanish |
|
|
or Portuguese Civil Code) |
|
C.civ. |
Code civil (French or Belgian Civil Code) |
|
C.com. |
Code de commerce (French Code of Commerce) |
|
CISG |
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the |
|
|
International Sale of Goods |
|
EBRD |
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
|
ERPL |
European Review of Private Law (law journal) |
|
EU |
European Union |
|
HGB |
Handelsgesetzbuch (German or Austrian Commercial |
|
|
Code) |
|
InsO |
Insolvenzordnung (German Insolvency Act) |
|
JBl |
Juristische Blätter (law journal) |
|
JCP |
Jurisclasseur périodique (otherwise known as La |
|
|
Semaine Juridique), édition générale (law journal) |
|
JZ |
Juristenzeitung (law journal) |
|
OGH |
Oberster Gerichtshof (Austrian Supreme Court) |
|
RabelsZ |
Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales |
|
|
Privatrecht (law journal) |
|
Rev.crit.d.i.p. |
Revue critique de droit international privé (law journal) |
|
SLT |
Scots Law Times |
|
STS |
Sentencia Tribunal Supremo (decision of the Spanish |
|
|
Supreme Court) |
|
UCC |
Uniform Commercial Code |
|
UNCITRAL |
United Nations Commission on International Trade |
|
|
Law |
|
UNIDROIT |
International Institute for the Unification of Private |
|
|
Law |
|
Unif. L. Rev./Rev. dr. unif. Uniform Law Review/Revue de droit uniforme |
|
|
|
(law journal) |
|
WG |
Wechselgesetz (Act on Bills of Exchange) |
|
ZEuP |
Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht (law journal) |
|
ZIP |
Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht und Insolvenzpraxis (law |
|
|
journal) |
|