- •Contents
- •General editors’ preface
- •Preface
- •Contributors
- •Table of cases cited by name
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Netherlands
- •New Zealand
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •United States of America
- •Table of legislation
- •Austria
- •Belgium
- •Denmark
- •England
- •Finland
- •France
- •Germany
- •Greece
- •Ireland
- •Italy
- •Netherlands
- •Portugal
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Spain
- •Sweden
- •Abbreviations
- •1 Introduction: security rights in movable property within the common market and the approach of the study
- •A. A short survey of the status quo
- •I. Economic reasons for the existence of security rights
- •II. Security rights in movable property: main divergencies
- •III. Private international law
- •1. Tangible movables: lex rei sitae and the limits of the doctrine of transposition
- •2. Claims: article 12 of the Rome Convention and its various interpretations
- •IV. The need for harmonisation within the EU
- •V. Attempts at harmonisation or unification: past and present
- •1. European Union
- •2. UNCITRAL
- •3. UNIDROIT
- •4. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- •B. The approach and purpose of the study
- •I. The ‘Common Core methodology’ as applied to secured transactions
- •II. Surveying the legal landscape against the background of a need for harmonisation
- •III. The genesis of the book
- •1. Narrowing down the topic
- •2. On terminology and the glossary
- •3. Order of the national reports
- •Bibliography
- •2 A labyrinth of creditors: a short introduction to the history of security interests in goods
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Justinian Roman law
- •3. Later developments in the European ius commune
- •4. Security interests in movables in the continental European codes
- •5. Common law and civil law
- •Bibliography
- •Brief description of key features of Article 9
- •History and context
- •Article 9 in depth
- •Creation, attachment and enforceability of a security interest
- •Scope of Article 9’s coverage
- •Perfection
- •How is perfection achieved?
- •Priority rules
- •Third-party rights
- •The filing system
- •Post-default rights and remedies
- •Conclusion
- •A. Article 9 through the eyes of an English lawyer
- •B. The values of English law
- •C. The future of English law
- •D. Summary
- •Postscript
- •Bibliography
- •5 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Secured Transactions Project: a model law and ten core principles for a modern secured transactions law in countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and elsewhere!)
- •Introduction
- •The EBRD Model Law on Secured Transactions: four objectives
- •The EBRD Ten Core Principles
- •How does the Model Law score? Answers to the questionnaire
- •Cases 1 and 2
- •Case 3
- •Case 4
- •Cases 5 and 6
- •Cases 7 and 8
- •Cases 9 and 11
- •Cases 10 and 14
- •Cases 12 and 13
- •Case 15 and a conclusion
- •Abbreviations
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Evaluation/Comparative observations
- •Bibliographies
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Comparative observations
- •Glossary
- •I. Introduction
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Effects of bankruptcy
- •General remarks on transfer of ownership
- •Comparative observations
- •part (a)
- •Passing of ownership
- •part (b)
- •part (c)
- •Case 2: The deceived seller
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Abstract and causal systems
- •Protection of third parties
- •Case 3: Machinery supplied to be used by the buyer
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (e)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 4: Jackets for resale
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Case 5: Motor cars supplied and resold (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •(i) Solutions which do not require additional clauses or transactions
- •(iii) Assignment of the proceeds
- •(v) Contracts other than sale under retention of title (consignment and commission)
- •(vi) Rights in the sold goods other than retention of title
- •(vii) Summary
- •Case 6: Motor cars supplied and resold (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Case 7: Supply of material to manufacturer (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 8: Supply of material to manufacturer (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 9: Too many toasters
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •(i) Validity of all-sums clauses
- •(ii) Invalidity of all-sums clauses
- •(iii) All-sums clauses and commingling
- •(iv) Invalidity of simple retention of title
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •(i) Principle of publicity
- •(iii) Unconscionability
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •(i) Use of ownership for security purposes
- •(ii) Security rights based on the idea of a pledge without dispossession
- •Part (d)
- •Case 11: Bank loan for a wholesaler
- •Questions
- •Variation
- •Discussions
- •Stock-in-trade containing goods sold under retention of title
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Variation
- •Case 12: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •(iii) Further requirements
- •Case 13: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 14: Finance leasing of computers
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 15: Indebted businessman sells business to brother
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Parts (b) and (c)
- •A. General tendencies
- •I. Common developments
- •1. Evolution of secured transactions law outside the Civil Codes
- •2. No unitary, functional approach to security rights
- •3. Enlarging the range of security rights
- •4. Limiting the rights of secured creditors in insolvency
- •6. The rise of contractual devices coupled with title-based security rights
- •II. Persisting differences
- •1. General attitude towards security rights in movables
- •B. Convergences and divergences in relation to specific security rights
- •I. Security rights with strong convergence
- •1. Simple retention of title
- •2. Leasing
- •II. Security rights where some elements of convergence are present but where significant differences continue to subsist
- •1. Security rights in entities of property -- enterprise charge
- •2. Security assignment of claims or charge over claims (outside retention of title)
- •3. Extensions of retention of title
- •4. Non-possessory security rights in individualised property (other than retention of title and leasing)
- •C. Possible ways towards harmonisation
- •I. Simple retention of title
- •II. Harmonisation or unification beyond simple retention of title
- •1. Form, scope and context
- •2. Main policy choices concerning the substantive rules
- •(a) Uniform, functional approach
- •(b) Range of possible collateral
- •(c) Publicity
- •(d) Priority
- •(e) Special rules for purchase-money security interests
- •Bibliography
- •Index by country
- •Index by subject
148 t h e c a s e s t u d i e s
Risto Koulu, ‘Irtaimen esineen omistuksen kirjaamisesta’ [‘Registration of Ownership of Chattels’], Oikeustiede -- Jurisprudentia 1987, 183 ff. (with a summary in English).
Ilmari Ojanen, Juhani Sutinen, Yrityskiinnitys [Enterprise Charge] (2nd edn, 1991). Tapio Takki, Factoring (1994).
Jarno Tepora, Omistuksenpidätyksestä [On Retention of Title] (1984) (with a summary in German).
‘Leasing-rahoitus ja vastuun toteuttaminen eräissä sivullissuhteissa’ [‘Financial Leasing and Realization of Responsibility in Certain Third Party Relations’] Oikeustiede -- Jurisprudentia 1988, 245 ff. (with a summary in German).
Jarno Tepora, ‘Komissiosta vaihtoehtoisena vakuusmuotona’ [‘On Commission as an Alternative Security Right’], Defensor Legis 1991, 623 ff.
‘Konsignaatiosta itsenäisenä vakuusmuotona’ [‘Consignment as Independent Form of Security’], Lakimies 1992, 1043 ff.
‘Luottokauppa omistuksenpidätysehdoin jälleenmyyntiä varten’ [‘Credit Sale for Retail with Retention of Title’], Lakimies 1992, 328 ff.
Jarmo Tuomisto, Omistuksenpidätys ja leasing [Retention of Title and Leasing Agreements] (1988) (with a summary in German).
Vuokranantaja ja vuokralaisen konkurssi (1991). Takaisinsaannista [On Recovery in Bankrupt’s Estate] (1997).
Asko Välimaa, ‘Omistuksenpidätysehdon sitovuus ostajan erityisseuraajia kohtaan autokaupassa’ [‘Effectiveness of Retention of Title in Relation to the Transferee of the Buyer of a Car’] Oikeustiede -- Jurisprudentia 1992, 345 (with a summary in German).
Thomas Wilhelmsson, Suomen kuluttajansuojajärjestelmä [Finnish System of Consumer Protection] (1987).
Comparative observations
Peter Bülow, Recht der Kreditsicherheiten (4th edn, 1997).
Ulrich Drobnig, ‘Transfer of Property’, in: Arthur Hartkamp et al. (eds.), Towards a European Civil Code (2nd edn, 1998) 495 ff. (cited as: Drobnig, in: Hartkamp et al.).
Anja Fenge, ‘Probleme der floating charge im schottischen Sachenrecht’, ZEuP 2000, 342 ff.
Axel Flessner, ‘Befreiung vom Vertrag wegen Nichterfüllung’, ZEuP 1997, 255 ff. Leopold von Gerlach, Der Einf luß des deutschen und französischen Rechts auf den
Eigentumserwerbsschutz beweglicher Sachen im spanischen Recht (1995). George L. Gretton, ‘Scots Law in Shock: Real Rights and Equitable Interests’,
ERPL 1998, 403 ff.
Stefanie Hellmich, Kreditsicherungsrechte in der spanischen Mehrrechtsordnung
(2000).
b i b l i o g r a p h i e s |
149 |
Eva-Maria Kieninger, Mobiliarsicherheiten im Europäischen Binnenmarkt (1996). Karl Kreuzer, ‘La proprieté mobilière en droit international privé’, Recueil des
Cours 259 (1996) 92 ff.
Ole Lando/Hugh Beale (eds.), Principles of European Contract Law, Part I (1995). Ralf Michaels, ‘Short Distinctions and Floating Transitions -- A German View of
Sharp v. Thomson’, ERPL 1998, 407 ff.
A. V. M. Struycken, ‘The Proprietary Aspects of International Assignment of Debts and the Rome Convention Art. 12’, Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly 1998, 345 ff.
Karsten Thorn, Der Mobiliarerwerb vom Nichtberechtigten (1996).
Lars Peter Wunibald van Vliet, Transfer of Movables in German, French, English and Dutch Law (2000).
Andreas Wacke, ‘Eigentumserwerb des Käufers durch schlichten Konsens oder erst mit Übergabe?’, ZEuP 2000, 254 ff.
Philip R. Wood, Principles of International Insolvency (1997).