- •Contents
- •General editors’ preface
- •Preface
- •Contributors
- •Table of cases cited by name
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Netherlands
- •New Zealand
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •United States of America
- •Table of legislation
- •Austria
- •Belgium
- •Denmark
- •England
- •Finland
- •France
- •Germany
- •Greece
- •Ireland
- •Italy
- •Netherlands
- •Portugal
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Spain
- •Sweden
- •Abbreviations
- •1 Introduction: security rights in movable property within the common market and the approach of the study
- •A. A short survey of the status quo
- •I. Economic reasons for the existence of security rights
- •II. Security rights in movable property: main divergencies
- •III. Private international law
- •1. Tangible movables: lex rei sitae and the limits of the doctrine of transposition
- •2. Claims: article 12 of the Rome Convention and its various interpretations
- •IV. The need for harmonisation within the EU
- •V. Attempts at harmonisation or unification: past and present
- •1. European Union
- •2. UNCITRAL
- •3. UNIDROIT
- •4. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- •B. The approach and purpose of the study
- •I. The ‘Common Core methodology’ as applied to secured transactions
- •II. Surveying the legal landscape against the background of a need for harmonisation
- •III. The genesis of the book
- •1. Narrowing down the topic
- •2. On terminology and the glossary
- •3. Order of the national reports
- •Bibliography
- •2 A labyrinth of creditors: a short introduction to the history of security interests in goods
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Justinian Roman law
- •3. Later developments in the European ius commune
- •4. Security interests in movables in the continental European codes
- •5. Common law and civil law
- •Bibliography
- •Brief description of key features of Article 9
- •History and context
- •Article 9 in depth
- •Creation, attachment and enforceability of a security interest
- •Scope of Article 9’s coverage
- •Perfection
- •How is perfection achieved?
- •Priority rules
- •Third-party rights
- •The filing system
- •Post-default rights and remedies
- •Conclusion
- •A. Article 9 through the eyes of an English lawyer
- •B. The values of English law
- •C. The future of English law
- •D. Summary
- •Postscript
- •Bibliography
- •5 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Secured Transactions Project: a model law and ten core principles for a modern secured transactions law in countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and elsewhere!)
- •Introduction
- •The EBRD Model Law on Secured Transactions: four objectives
- •The EBRD Ten Core Principles
- •How does the Model Law score? Answers to the questionnaire
- •Cases 1 and 2
- •Case 3
- •Case 4
- •Cases 5 and 6
- •Cases 7 and 8
- •Cases 9 and 11
- •Cases 10 and 14
- •Cases 12 and 13
- •Case 15 and a conclusion
- •Abbreviations
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Evaluation/Comparative observations
- •Bibliographies
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Comparative observations
- •Glossary
- •I. Introduction
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Effects of bankruptcy
- •General remarks on transfer of ownership
- •Comparative observations
- •part (a)
- •Passing of ownership
- •part (b)
- •part (c)
- •Case 2: The deceived seller
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Abstract and causal systems
- •Protection of third parties
- •Case 3: Machinery supplied to be used by the buyer
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (e)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 4: Jackets for resale
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Case 5: Motor cars supplied and resold (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •(i) Solutions which do not require additional clauses or transactions
- •(iii) Assignment of the proceeds
- •(v) Contracts other than sale under retention of title (consignment and commission)
- •(vi) Rights in the sold goods other than retention of title
- •(vii) Summary
- •Case 6: Motor cars supplied and resold (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Case 7: Supply of material to manufacturer (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 8: Supply of material to manufacturer (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 9: Too many toasters
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •(i) Validity of all-sums clauses
- •(ii) Invalidity of all-sums clauses
- •(iii) All-sums clauses and commingling
- •(iv) Invalidity of simple retention of title
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •(i) Principle of publicity
- •(iii) Unconscionability
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •(i) Use of ownership for security purposes
- •(ii) Security rights based on the idea of a pledge without dispossession
- •Part (d)
- •Case 11: Bank loan for a wholesaler
- •Questions
- •Variation
- •Discussions
- •Stock-in-trade containing goods sold under retention of title
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Variation
- •Case 12: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •(iii) Further requirements
- •Case 13: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 14: Finance leasing of computers
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 15: Indebted businessman sells business to brother
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Parts (b) and (c)
- •A. General tendencies
- •I. Common developments
- •1. Evolution of secured transactions law outside the Civil Codes
- •2. No unitary, functional approach to security rights
- •3. Enlarging the range of security rights
- •4. Limiting the rights of secured creditors in insolvency
- •6. The rise of contractual devices coupled with title-based security rights
- •II. Persisting differences
- •1. General attitude towards security rights in movables
- •B. Convergences and divergences in relation to specific security rights
- •I. Security rights with strong convergence
- •1. Simple retention of title
- •2. Leasing
- •II. Security rights where some elements of convergence are present but where significant differences continue to subsist
- •1. Security rights in entities of property -- enterprise charge
- •2. Security assignment of claims or charge over claims (outside retention of title)
- •3. Extensions of retention of title
- •4. Non-possessory security rights in individualised property (other than retention of title and leasing)
- •C. Possible ways towards harmonisation
- •I. Simple retention of title
- •II. Harmonisation or unification beyond simple retention of title
- •1. Form, scope and context
- •2. Main policy choices concerning the substantive rules
- •(a) Uniform, functional approach
- •(b) Range of possible collateral
- •(c) Publicity
- •(d) Priority
- •(e) Special rules for purchase-money security interests
- •Bibliography
- •Index by country
- •Index by subject
|
t a b l e o f l e g i s l a t i o n |
xliii |
36 |
513 |
|
74 |
514 |
|
Companies Act 1985 |
512 |
|
Companies (Floating Charges) (Scotland) |
512 |
|
Act 1961 |
|
|
Consumer Credit Act 1974 |
613 |
|
192(3)(a) |
333--334 |
|
Hire Purchase Act 1964 |
333--334 |
|
Insolvency Act 1986 |
512 |
|
242 |
514 |
|
243 |
513 |
|
245 |
514 |
|
Leases Act 1449 |
613 |
|
Sale of Goods Act 1893 |
46 |
|
Sale of Goods Act 1979 |
211--213, 612 |
|
17 |
211, 276 |
|
18 |
211 |
|
25 |
333--334, 345 |
|
44 ff. |
213 |
|
62(4) |
463--464 |
|
63(1)(a) |
333--334 |
|
as corpus alienum |
276 |
|
South Africa |
|
|
Credit Agreements Act 75 1980 |
466--467 |
|
11 |
294 n.15 |
|
Insolvency Act 24 1936 |
214--215, 360 |
|
30(1) |
516--517 |
|
34 |
639--640 |
|
83 |
277 |
|
84 |
277, 614 |
|
84(2) |
294 n.15 |
|
95(1) |
214--215 |
|
Security by Means of Movable Property Act 57 |
|
|
1993, 1 |
465, 515 |
|
Spain |
|
|
Civil Code (Codigo civil) (CC) |
191--192 |
|
xliv |
t a b l e o f l e g i s l a t i o n |
|
|
|
325 ff. |
289--290 |
|
|
348.2 |
|
264--265 |
|
383 |
|
376 |
|
383/II |
376 |
|
|
464 |
|
263, 317, 344--345, |
|
|
|
652--653 |
|
908 |
|
290 |
|
1111 |
|
498, 631--633 |
|
1123 |
|
196--197 |
|
1124 |
|
264--265 |
|
1221/II |
194 |
|
|
1227 |
|
263--264, 283 |
|
1255 |
|
263 |
|
1266 |
|
235--236 |
|
1290-1301 |
235--236 |
|
|
1292 |
|
631--632 |
|
1295/I |
498 |
|
|
1295/II |
498 |
|
|
1295/III |
498 |
|
|
1297 |
|
631--632 |
|
1298 |
|
498 |
|
1299 |
|
632 |
|
1445 |
|
191 |
|
1462/2 |
191--192 |
|
|
1463 |
|
191--192 |
|
1473/III |
194 |
|
|
1505 |
|
196--197 |
|
1523--1526 |
263 |
|
|
1524 |
|
263 |
|
1526--1535 |
546 |
|
|
1527 |
|
546, 548 |
|
1532 |
|
547, 579--580 |
|
1859 |
|
452 |
|
1863 |
|
47 |
|
1872 |
|
452 n.62 |
|
1911 |
|
195 |
|
1911--1929 |
193--196 |
|
|
1915 |
|
193 |
|
1921 |
ff. |
194--195 |
|
1922 |
|
196 |
t a b l e o f l e g i s l a t i o n |
xlv |
|
1922.1 |
196--197, 262--263, |
|
|
356, 377--378 |
|
1922.2 |
497 |
|
1924--1927 |
196 |
|
1924.3 |
356--357, 580--581 |
|
1926.1 |
497 |
|
Civil Laws, Compilation of Catalonian |
|
|
(Compilacion de Derecho Civil de Catalu˜na) |
|
|
(CDCC) |
|
|
321 |
633 |
|
322 |
633 |
|
326 |
452--453 |
|
Civil Procedure Act (Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil) |
|
|
(LEC) |
|
|
63.8 |
193--196 |
|
161.3 |
405 |
|
175.1 |
546--547 |
|
177--183 |
546--547 |
|
250.10--11 |
192--193 |
|
250.11 |
192 |
|
517.4--5 |
192--193, 603 |
|
517.4--5--6 |
376--377 |
|
538 ff. |
192--193 |
|
557 |
192--193 |
|
594.1 |
236 |
|
595 |
236, 262--263, |
|
|
376 |
|
699 ff. |
603 |
|
721 ff. |
236 |
|
727.3 |
236, 262--263 |
|
1156 ff. |
193--196 |
|
1186 |
405 |
|
1266 ff. |
194--195 |
|
1400--1401 |
262--263 |
|
Final Provision 7.2 |
192--193 |
|
Final Provision 7.3 |
192--193 |
|
Commercial Code (Codigo de Comercio) (CCO) |
|
|
10 |
497 |
|
85 |
263, 317, 356 |
|
326.1 |
191 |
|
xlvi |
t a b l e o f l e g i s l a t i o n |
|
|
347 |
546 |
|
348 |
546 |
|
833 |
193 |
|
870 ff. |
289--290 |
|
878 |
289--290 |
|
908 |
356 |
|
913.1 |
580--581 |
|
1113 ff. |
194--195 |
Constitution (EC) 1978, 38 |
579--580 |
|
Law 1/1999 (factoring) |
547--548, 579--580 |
|
|
Supplementary Provision 3 |
547--548 |
Law 3/1994 (factoring) |
545--546 |
|
Law of 16 Dec. 1954 (Chattel Mortgage and |
|
|
Pledge without Removal of Possession) |
|
|
(LHMPSD) |
192--193, 451 |
|
|
16.1 |
192 |
|
16.2.a |
192 |
|
52.2 |
496--497 |
|
53.2 |
377 |
|
57 |
377, 496--497 |
|
59--60 |
496--497 |
Law of Sale of Chattels in Instalments (Ley de |
|
|
Ventas de Bienes Muebles a Plazos) (LVBMP) |
|
|
(Law 28/1998) |
10, 283, 356, 376, 451 |
|
|
3.1 |
263--264 |
|
5.1 |
289--290 |
|
6.1 |
263--264 |
|
7 |
196 |
|
7.10 |
263 |
|
7.11 |
263 |
|
10 |
264--265 |
|
15.1 |
263--264 |
|
16.2 |
192--193 |
|
16.5 |
194, 196 |
|
Supplementary Provision 1 |
451--452 |
Ley Hipotecaria (LH) |
|
|
|
129.2 |
452 n.62 |
|
131 |
452 n.62 |
Possessory Guarantees on Chattels Act (Catalan) |
|
|
(LGP), 14 |
452 n.62 |
|