- •Contents
- •General editors’ preface
- •Preface
- •Contributors
- •Table of cases cited by name
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Netherlands
- •New Zealand
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •United States of America
- •Table of legislation
- •Austria
- •Belgium
- •Denmark
- •England
- •Finland
- •France
- •Germany
- •Greece
- •Ireland
- •Italy
- •Netherlands
- •Portugal
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Spain
- •Sweden
- •Abbreviations
- •1 Introduction: security rights in movable property within the common market and the approach of the study
- •A. A short survey of the status quo
- •I. Economic reasons for the existence of security rights
- •II. Security rights in movable property: main divergencies
- •III. Private international law
- •1. Tangible movables: lex rei sitae and the limits of the doctrine of transposition
- •2. Claims: article 12 of the Rome Convention and its various interpretations
- •IV. The need for harmonisation within the EU
- •V. Attempts at harmonisation or unification: past and present
- •1. European Union
- •2. UNCITRAL
- •3. UNIDROIT
- •4. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- •B. The approach and purpose of the study
- •I. The ‘Common Core methodology’ as applied to secured transactions
- •II. Surveying the legal landscape against the background of a need for harmonisation
- •III. The genesis of the book
- •1. Narrowing down the topic
- •2. On terminology and the glossary
- •3. Order of the national reports
- •Bibliography
- •2 A labyrinth of creditors: a short introduction to the history of security interests in goods
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Justinian Roman law
- •3. Later developments in the European ius commune
- •4. Security interests in movables in the continental European codes
- •5. Common law and civil law
- •Bibliography
- •Brief description of key features of Article 9
- •History and context
- •Article 9 in depth
- •Creation, attachment and enforceability of a security interest
- •Scope of Article 9’s coverage
- •Perfection
- •How is perfection achieved?
- •Priority rules
- •Third-party rights
- •The filing system
- •Post-default rights and remedies
- •Conclusion
- •A. Article 9 through the eyes of an English lawyer
- •B. The values of English law
- •C. The future of English law
- •D. Summary
- •Postscript
- •Bibliography
- •5 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Secured Transactions Project: a model law and ten core principles for a modern secured transactions law in countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and elsewhere!)
- •Introduction
- •The EBRD Model Law on Secured Transactions: four objectives
- •The EBRD Ten Core Principles
- •How does the Model Law score? Answers to the questionnaire
- •Cases 1 and 2
- •Case 3
- •Case 4
- •Cases 5 and 6
- •Cases 7 and 8
- •Cases 9 and 11
- •Cases 10 and 14
- •Cases 12 and 13
- •Case 15 and a conclusion
- •Abbreviations
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Ireland
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Evaluation/Comparative observations
- •Bibliographies
- •Germany
- •Austria
- •Greece
- •France
- •Belgium
- •Portugal
- •Spain
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •England
- •Scotland
- •South Africa
- •Denmark
- •Sweden
- •Finland
- •Comparative observations
- •Glossary
- •I. Introduction
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Effects of bankruptcy
- •General remarks on transfer of ownership
- •Comparative observations
- •part (a)
- •Passing of ownership
- •part (b)
- •part (c)
- •Case 2: The deceived seller
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Abstract and causal systems
- •Protection of third parties
- •Case 3: Machinery supplied to be used by the buyer
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (e)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 4: Jackets for resale
- •Question
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Case 5: Motor cars supplied and resold (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •(i) Solutions which do not require additional clauses or transactions
- •(iii) Assignment of the proceeds
- •(v) Contracts other than sale under retention of title (consignment and commission)
- •(vi) Rights in the sold goods other than retention of title
- •(vii) Summary
- •Case 6: Motor cars supplied and resold (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Case 7: Supply of material to manufacturer (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 8: Supply of material to manufacturer (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a) and (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 9: Too many toasters
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •(i) Validity of all-sums clauses
- •(ii) Invalidity of all-sums clauses
- •(iii) All-sums clauses and commingling
- •(iv) Invalidity of simple retention of title
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •(i) Principle of publicity
- •(iii) Unconscionability
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •(i) Use of ownership for security purposes
- •(ii) Security rights based on the idea of a pledge without dispossession
- •Part (d)
- •Case 11: Bank loan for a wholesaler
- •Questions
- •Variation
- •Discussions
- •Stock-in-trade containing goods sold under retention of title
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Variation
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Variation
- •Case 12: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (I)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •(iii) Further requirements
- •Case 13: Bank loan on the basis of money claims (II)
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Parts (a)--(c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 14: Finance leasing of computers
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Part (b)
- •Part (c)
- •Part (d)
- •Case 15: Indebted businessman sells business to brother
- •Questions
- •Discussions
- •Comparative observations
- •Part (a)
- •Parts (b) and (c)
- •A. General tendencies
- •I. Common developments
- •1. Evolution of secured transactions law outside the Civil Codes
- •2. No unitary, functional approach to security rights
- •3. Enlarging the range of security rights
- •4. Limiting the rights of secured creditors in insolvency
- •6. The rise of contractual devices coupled with title-based security rights
- •II. Persisting differences
- •1. General attitude towards security rights in movables
- •B. Convergences and divergences in relation to specific security rights
- •I. Security rights with strong convergence
- •1. Simple retention of title
- •2. Leasing
- •II. Security rights where some elements of convergence are present but where significant differences continue to subsist
- •1. Security rights in entities of property -- enterprise charge
- •2. Security assignment of claims or charge over claims (outside retention of title)
- •3. Extensions of retention of title
- •4. Non-possessory security rights in individualised property (other than retention of title and leasing)
- •C. Possible ways towards harmonisation
- •I. Simple retention of title
- •II. Harmonisation or unification beyond simple retention of title
- •1. Form, scope and context
- •2. Main policy choices concerning the substantive rules
- •(a) Uniform, functional approach
- •(b) Range of possible collateral
- •(c) Publicity
- •(d) Priority
- •(e) Special rules for purchase-money security interests
- •Bibliography
- •Index by country
- •Index by subject
Abbreviations
Germany
AcP |
Archiv für die civilistische Praxis (law journal) |
AGBG |
Gesetz zur Regelung des Rechts der Allgemeinen |
|
Geschäftsbedingungen (Act on Unfair Contract Terms) |
AnfG |
Gesetz, betreffend die Anfechtung von Rechtshandlungen |
|
eines Schuldners außerhalb des Konkursverfahrens |
|
(Avoidance Act) |
BAG |
Bundesarbeitsgericht (Federal Labour Court) |
BB |
Betriebs-Berater, Zeitschrift für Recht und Wirtschaft (law |
|
journal) |
BGB |
Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code) |
BGBl |
Bundesgesetzblatt (Government Gazette) |
BGH |
Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Supreme Court) |
BGHZ |
Entscheidungen des Bundesgerichtshofs in Zivilsachen |
|
(Decisions of the Federal Supreme Court in Private |
|
Law Matters) |
DB |
Der Betrieb (law journal) |
HGB |
Handelsgesetzbuch (Commercial Code) |
InsO |
Insolvenzordnung (Insolvency Code) |
IPRax |
Praxis des Internationalen Privatund Verfahrensrechts |
|
(law journal) |
JR |
Juristische Rundschau (law journal) |
JuS |
Juristische Schulung (law journal) |
JZ |
Juristenzeitung (law journal) |
KO |
Konkursordnung (old Insolvency Code) |
LM |
Lindenmaier/Möhring, Nachschlagewerk des |
|
Bundesgerichtshofs in Zivilsachen (reference work for |
|
decisions of the Federal Supreme Court) |
NJW |
Neue Juristische Wochenschrift (law journal) |
117
118 |
t h e c a s e s t u d i e s |
NJW--RR |
Neue Juristische Wochenschrift Rechtsprechungs-Report |
O.J. |
Official Journal of the European Communities |
OLG |
Oberlandesgericht (Regional Appeal Court) |
RG |
Reichsgericht (Imperial Court) |
RGZ |
Amtliche Sammlung von Entscheidungen des Reichsgerichts |
|
in Zivilsachen (Decisions of the Imperial Court in |
|
Private Law Matters) |
sent. |
sentence |
VersR |
Zeitschrift für Versicherungsrecht (law journal) |
WM |
Wertpapiermitteilungen (law journal) |
ZEuP |
Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht (law journal) |
ZIP |
Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht und Insolvenzpraxis (law |
|
journal) |
ZPO |
Zivilprozeßordnung (Civil Procedure Code) |
ZZP |
Zeitschrift für Zivilprozeß (law journal) |
Austria
ABGB |
Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (Civil Code) |
AnfO |
Anfechtungsordnung (Avoidance Act) |
EO |
Exekutionsordnung (Execution Act) |
EvBl |
Evidenzblatt der Rechtsmittelentscheidungen |
EVHGB |
Einführungsverordnung zum Handelsgezetzbuch |
GlU |
Glaser-Unger (collection of decisions of the OGH in |
|
the nineteenth century) |
HGB |
Handelsgesetzbuch (Commercial Code) |
HS |
Sammlung handelsrechtlicher Entscheidungen (collection |
|
of commercial law decisions) |
JB |
Judikatenbuch (collection of important decisions of |
|
the OGH edited by the court itself) |
JBl |
Juristische Blätter (law journal) |
KO |
Konkursordnung (Insolvency Act) |
KSchG |
Konsumentenschutzgesetz (Consumer Protection Act) |
MietSlg |
Mietrechtliche Entscheidungssammlung (annually |
|
published collection of court decisions with |
|
relevance for rent matters) |
NZ |
Notariatszeitung (law journal) |
ÖBA |
Österreichisches Bank Archiv (law journal) |
OGH |
Oberster Gerichtshof (Supreme Court in private law |
|
matters) |
ÖJZ |
Österreichische Juristen Zeitung (law journal) |
RdW |
Recht der Wirtschaft (law journal) |
Rspr |
Die Rechtsprechung (law journal) |
|
l i s t o f a b b r e v i a t i o n s |
119 |
SZ |
Entscheidungen des österreichischen Obersten Gerichtshofes |
|
|
in Zivilsachen (official publication of the decisions of |
|
|
the OGH in Private Law Matters, edited by the court |
|
|
itself) |
|
WBl |
Wirtschaftsrechtliche Blätter (law journal) |
|
Greece
A.K. |
Astikos Kodikas (Civil Code) |
AP |
Areios Pagos (Supreme Court in civil and criminal |
|
matters) |
ArchN |
Archeion Nomologias [Archive of Court Rulings] |
|
(law journal) |
Arm |
Armenopoulos (law journal) |
DCC |
Draft Commercial Code |
DEE |
Dikaion Etaireion kai Epichiriseon [Business and |
|
Company Law] (law journal) |
EEmbD |
Epitheorisis Emborikou Dikaiou [Review of Commercial |
|
Law] (law journal) |
EEN |
Ephimeris Hellinon Nomikon [Greek Lawyer’s Journal] |
|
(law journal) |
Ef |
Efetio (Court of Appeal) |
EllDni |
Helliniki Dikaiosyni [Greek Justice] (law journal) |
EmbN |
Emborikos Nomos [Commercial Law] (law journal) |
ErmAK |
Ermineia tou Astikou Kodika [Interpretation of the |
|
Civil Code] (collective work) |
KIND |
Kodikas Idiotikou Nautikou Dikaiou [Code of Private |
|
Maritime Law] |
KPolD |
Kodikas Politikis Dikonomias [Code of Civil Procedure] |
L. |
Law |
L.D. |
Law Decree |
NoV |
Nomikon Vima [Law Tribune] (law journal) |
Them |
Themis (law journal) |
France
Ass plén |
Decision of the Assemblée plénière of the Cour de |
|
cassation |
BRDA |
Bulletin rapide de droit des affaires |
Bull civ I |
Bulletin des arrˆets des Chambres civiles de la Cour de |
|
cassation (Decisions of the 1st Civil Chamber of the |
|
Cour de cassation, as published in the official Bulletin) |
120 |
t h e c a s e s t u d i e s |
|
Bull civ II |
Bulletin des arrˆets des Chambres civiles de la Cour de |
|
|
|
cassation (Decision of the 2nd Civil Chamber of the |
|
|
Cour de cassation, as published in the official Bulletin) |
Bull civ III |
Bulletin des arrˆets des Chambres civiles de la Cour de |
|
|
|
cassation (Decision of the 3rd Civil Chamber of the |
|
|
Cour de cassation, as published in the official Bulletin) |
Bull civ IV |
Bulletin des arrˆets des Chambres civiles de la Cour de |
|
|
|
cassation (Decision of the Commercial Civil Chamber |
|
|
of the Cour de cassation, as published in the official |
|
|
Bulletin) |
Cah dr entr |
Cahiers de droit de l’entreprise (law journal) |
|
C. civ |
|
Code civil (Civil Code) |
C. com |
|
Code de commerce (Commercial Code) |
Chr |
|
Chroniques |
Civ. (1) |
|
First civil chamber of the Cour de cassation |
Civ. (2) |
|
Second civil chamber of the Cour de cassation |
Civ. (3) |
|
Third civil chamber of the Cour de cassation |
Com |
|
Commercial chamber of the Cour de cassation |
Conc |
|
conclusions |
D |
|
Recueil Dalloz or Dalloz Sirey (law journal) |
D. |
|
Decree No 92--755 of 31 july 1992 |
D affaires |
Dalloz Affaires (law journal) |
|
DH |
|
Recueil Dalloz hebdomadaire de jurisprudence |
|
|
(law journal) |
DP |
|
Recueil Dalloz périodique et critique (prior to its |
|
|
amalgamation with Sirey in 1965 to form Dalloz |
|
|
Sirey, ‘D’) (law journal) |
ÉdE |
|
Edition Entreprise |
Gaz Pal |
|
La Gazette du Palais |
IA 85 |
|
Insolvency Act, Law No 85-98 of 25 Jan. 1985 as |
|
|
amended |
IR |
|
Informations rapides |
J. |
|
Justice |
JCP |
|
Jurisclasseur Périodique (otherwise known as La |
|
|
Semaine Juridique) (law journal) |
JCPédE |
|
Jurisclasseur Périodique (La Semaine Juridique), édition |
|
|
Entreprise (law journal) |
JDI |
|
Journal de Droit International (Clunet) (law journal) |
JEX |
|
juge de l’exécution |
JO |
|
Journal officiel |
L. |
|
Law No 91-650 of 9 July 1991 |
obs. |
|
Observations |
Pan |
|
Panorama |