- •Contents
- •General editors’ preface
- •Contributors
- •Table of legislation
- •Austria
- •Belgium
- •England
- •France
- •Germany
- •Greece
- •Ireland
- •Italy
- •Netherlands
- •Portugal
- •Scotland
- •Spain
- •Abbreviations
- •Austria
- •Belgium
- •England
- •France
- •Germany
- •Greece
- •Ireland
- •Italy
- •The Netherlands
- •Portugal
- •Scotland
- •Spain
- •Other sections
- •1 Some perennial problems
- •I. The architecture of contract law
- •B. Common law
- •II. The questions
- •2 Contemporary solutions
- •Case 1: promises of gifts
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •General principles:
- •Exceptions
- •Case 2: promises of compensation for services rendered without charge
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 3: promises to pay debts not legally due
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 4: a promise to come to dinner
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 5: promises to store goods without charge
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 6: promises to do a favour
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 7: promises to loan goods without charge
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 8: a requirements contract
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 9: promises to pay more than was agreed I
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 10: promises to pay more than was agreed II
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 11: promises to do more than was agreed; promises to waive a condition
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 12: promises to take less than was agreed
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 13: options given without charge
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 14: promises of rewards
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •Case 15: promises of commissions
- •Case
- •Discussions
- •FRANCE
- •BELGIUM
- •THE NETHERLANDS
- •SPAIN
- •PORTUGAL
- •ITALY
- •AUSTRIA
- •GERMANY
- •GREECE
- •SCOTLAND
- •ENGLAND
- •IRELAND
- •Summaries
- •Preliminary comparisons
- •3 Comparisons
- •I. Gifts and favours
- •A. Promises of money or property
- •1. Obstacles to giving gifts
- •2. Exceptions for meritorious gifts
- •3. Protecting reliance
- •B. Favours that need not entail expense
- •1. Favours that can no longer be performed costlessly
- •a. Promises to loan goods
- •b. Promises to take care of goods
- •2. A broken promise to do a service
- •3. A note on the ‘intention to be legally bound’
- •C. What is left of Roman contract law?
- •1. Promises to perform contractual obligations that are legally unenforceable
- •III. The absence of commitment
- •A. Open terms and options
- •B. Locus poenitentiae
- •IV. Epilogue
- •A. The results
- •B. The doctrines
- •C. The search for solutions
- •1. Gifts and favours
- •a. Promises of money or property
- •b. Favours that need not entail expense
- •3. The absence of commitment
- •a. Open terms and options
- •b. Promises conditional upon success
- •Index by country
- •Austria
- •Belgium
- •England
- •France
- •Germany
- •Greece
- •Ireland
- •Italy
- •Netherlands
- •Portugal
- •Scotland
- •Spain
- •United States
- •Index by subject
1441 ff. 94
1444 94 1467(3) 204 1467-8 205 1467-9 204 1703 157 1710 158 1755 324 1756 324 1767 129 1771 129 1803(2) 180 1809(2) 180 1989(1) 305 1989(2) 305 1989 ff. 305 1990 305, 306 2034 76–7 2043 228 2940 93–4
Law 29/1913 (notarial law) 40
Netherlands
Civil Code (Burgerlijk Wetbock) (B.W.)
1992 |
|
|
|
|
|
3:32(2) |
91 |
||||
3:33 |
107, 124, 125, 126, 153, 155, 177, |
||||
178, 201, 202, 256, 322 |
|||||
3:35 |
35, 107, 124, 125, 126, 153, 155, |
||||
177, 178, 201, 202, 256, 257, 322 |
|||||
3:38(1) |
303 n. 8 |
||||
3:44 |
226 |
|
|||
3:44(2) |
226 |
||||
3:44(4) |
225 |
||||
3:55(1) |
91 |
||||
6:2 |
125 |
|
|
||
6:2(2) |
257, 285 |
||||
6:3(1) |
72 |
|
|||
6:3(2)(b) |
72 |
||||
6:5 |
72 |
|
|
|
|
table of legisl ation |
xix |
|||
6:5(3) |
91 |
|
||
6:20(2) |
73 |
|
||
6:21 303 n. 8 |
|
|||
6:22 |
35 |
|
|
|
6:74 126 n. 13, 155, 225 |
|
|||
6:95 ff. |
|
225 |
|
|
6:98 |
153–4 |
|
||
6:109 |
154 |
|
||
6:160 |
257 |
|
||
6:160(2) |
|
269 |
|
|
6:162 |
107–8, 154 |
|
||
6:162(1) |
|
107 |
|
|
6:162(2) |
|
108 |
|
|
6:200(1) |
72 |
|
||
6:201(2) |
|
73 |
|
|
6:216 |
286 |
|
||
6:219 |
284–5, 303 |
|
||
6:220 |
303–4 |
|
||
6:220(2) |
303 |
|
||
6:221(1) |
|
285 |
|
|
6:227 |
200 |
|
||
6:248 |
125 |
|
||
6:248(1) |
155 |
|
||
6:248(2) |
201 |
|
||
6:249 |
35 |
|
||
6:258 |
200, 201, 285–6 |
|
||
6:296 |
225–6 |
|
||
7:400 ff. |
153 |
|
||
7:401 |
153 |
|
||
7:600 ff. |
124 |
|
||
7:605(2) |
|
125 |
|
|
7A:1719 |
34–5, 243 |
|
||
7A:1724 34 |
|
|||
7A:1777 |
176, 178 |
|
||
7A:1788 |
178 |
|
||
Portugal
Bankruptcy Proceedings Code, 209 92
Civil Code 271
39 40
xx |
|
table of legisl ation |
|
|
|
|
125 93 |
|
1156 304 |
||||
125(2) |
93 |
1167 |
305 |
|||
185 ff. 39 |
1170 304 |
|||||
227 39 |
|
1185 127 |
||||
255 227 |
|
1194 128 |
||||
271 244 |
|
1201 128 |
||||
282 227 |
|
1753 ff. 40 |
||||
287(2) |
93, 227 |
1765 |
39 |
|||
288 93 |
|
2024 39 |
||||
303 92 |
|
2168 39 |
||||
304(1) |
92 |
2172 |
75 |
|||
304(2) 93 |
Decree-Law 77/99 of 18 March 1999 |
|||||
402 75 |
|
323 |
|
|
||
403 75 |
|
|
|
|
||
405 128 |
|
Scotland |
|
|||
406 271 |
|
Requirements of Writing (Scotland) |
||||
406(1) 227 |
Act 1995 9 |
|||||
410(2) |
287 |
1(2) |
99, 162, 185, 247 |
|||
411 |
203, 204, 287 |
1(2)(a)(ii) 80–1, 112, 136, 162, 209, |
||||
437 |
203 |
|
232, 261, 274 |
|||
457 |
38 |
|
1(3) |
49–51, 113, 136, 162, 185, 247, |
||
459 305 |
|
261, 342 |
||||
461 |
305 |
|
1(4) |
49–51, 113, 136–7, 162, 185, 247, |
||
464 |
74–5 |
261, 342 |
||||
468 |
75 |
|
1(5) |
50 |
|
|
469 |
75 |
|
1(7) |
274 |
||
762(2) |
203 |
2(1) |
49 |
|
||
778(1) |
271 |
2(2) |
49 |
|
||
798 108, 157, 323 |
11 48 n. 107 |
|||||
863(72) |
271 |
|
|
|
||
875 287 |
|
Spain |
|
|
||
940 38 |
|
Civil Code (Catalan), 18 36 n. 49 |
||||
941 75, 244 |
Civil Code (Código civil) 1889 |
|||||
947 38–9 |
294 |
259 |
||||
969 38 |
|
334 |
259 |
|||
974 |
39 |
|
406(1) |
258 |
||
975(b) |
75 |
619 |
74 |
|
||
1129 179 |
622 |
74 |
|
|||
1140 179 |
632 |
37 |
|
|||
1154 108, 157, 304 |
633 |
38 n. 55 |
||||
|
|
|
table of legisl ation |
xxi |
|
1101 243 |
1710 156 |
|
|||
1107 |
244, 304 |
1711 |
156 |
|
|
1156 |
38, 257, 270 |
1742 |
179 |
|
|
1177 270 |
1749 179 |
|
|||
1187(2) |
270 |
1750 |
179 |
|
|
1203 226–7, 257 |
1775 127 |
|
|||
1203-13 257 |
1776 127 |
|
|||
1218 258 |
1920 91 |
|
|||
1248 286 |
Labour Contract Law, 81 243 |
|
|||
1261 36 |
Law on Urban Leasing 258 |
|
|||
1263 92 |
Law on Workers, 49(d) 243 |
|
|||
1267 227 |
Reglamento Hipotecario, 14 286–7 |
|
|||
1277 |
108, 126, 243 |
|
|
|
|
1280 270, 286 |
Switzerland, Code of Obligations (CC), |
||||
1311 92 |
|
242 46 |
|
||
1544 156 |
|
|
|
||