Пособие по английскому языку

tracking station, remotely operated spacecraft, flight controllers, console, guidance, maintenance area.

Read the key words. Find their Russian equivalents in «Active vocabulary» if necessary.

K e y w o r d s : artificial satellite, automatic station, manned spacecraft, control centre, equipment, TV ca­ meras, receivers, flight plan, forecasts, development, longlived stations, economic tasks.

Ex. 1. Listen to the space terms and the key words and repeat them alter the speaker.

Ex. 2. Listen to the word combinations and their Russian equi­ valents, repeat them after the speaker.

contemporary cosmonautics, comprehensive exploration, highly sophisticated equipment, orbiting space laborato­ ries, man’s most pressing environmental problems, selfpropelled automatic Lunokhod laboratories, against the flight plan.

R u s s i a n e q u i v a l e n t s : современная космонавтика/космонавтика сегодня, всестороннее исследова­ ние, сложнейшее оборудование, орбитальные космиче­ ские лаборатории, наиболее острые проблемы окру­ жающей среды (стоящие перед человеком), самоходные автоматические станции/лаборатории «Луноход», по плану полета.

Ех. 3. Listen to the sentences and repeat them after the speaker.

1. There are various facilities for space research.

2. There is much highly sophisticated equipment onboard the Salyut-5. 3. There are many displays and TV cameras at mission control centres. 4. There were many unmanned projects at the first stage of the exploration of space. 5. There are launch complexes in space centres. 6. Space laboratory equipment is used to look at the sun^to study

1. It is evident that there will be more spacecraft in the future. 2. The orientation and guidance of manned spa­ cecraft can be carried out either by ground control or ma­ nually by astronauts. 3. The Soviet Sputnik-1 went into orbit in 1957. 4. All missions are controlled from Mission

at a touch of a button, on the progress of the mission aga­ inst the flight plan. There are many TV cameras and a lot of receivers in Mission Control Centres.

There are several space centres — the Baikonur Space Centre, the Johnson Space Centre, the Kennedy Space Centre and others. Some of these space centres have launch complexes for launching space vehicles.

Space research facilities include also tracking stations which work together with mission control centres.

At the first stage of space exploration there were many unmanned projects: the Soviet Sputnik-1; America’s Ran­

There will be more spacecraft in the future, manned and unmanned as well. The development of long-lived orbital stations for comprehensive exploration of near-Earth space, for remotely controlled studies and coping with practical

1. Cosmonauts use highly sophisticated equipment to look at the sun only. 2. We do not need any facilities in order to study man’s most pressing environmental problems.

3. The orientation and guidance of the manned spacecraft can be carried out by ground control. 4. Flight controllers do not use any special equipment to check on the progress of the mission. 5. There are many TV cameras and receivers in Mission Control Centres. 6. No tracking stations work during a space mission. 7. The unmanned spacecraft are remo­ tely operated. 8. We know only two examples of unmanned projects — Lunar orbiter and Lunokhod laboratory. 9. There will be more spacecraft in the future, manned and unmanned as well. 10. The exploration1 of near-Earth space is the main trend in contemporary cosmonautics.

Ex. 9. Listen and repeat after the speaker.

As we already know-there are manned and unmanned spacecraft. The orientation and guidance of the manned spacecraft-can be carried out-either by ground control •or manually by the cosmonauts. The unmanned spacecraft are remotely operated.

В: Near Houston, the largest industrial and commercial city in Texas.

A:Do you know anything about the history of the Kennedy space Centre? If the Johnson Space Centre was named after Lyndon Johnson, the Kennedy Space Centre must have been named after John. Kennedy.

B:Quite so! It was used for Intercontinental Ballistic

Missiles before it became the Kennedy Space Centre.

A:The Baikonur Space Centre has a number of launch comp­ lexes, maintenance areas and tracking stations located along its ranges. Sputnik-1, Yury Gagarin, and all our subsequent manned flights were launched from Baiko­ nur. Can spacecraft be launched from both American centres?

B:The Americans call Baikonur the Soviet equivalent of Cape Canaveral. All US manned space flights have been

launched from the Kennedy Space Centre at Cape Ca­ naveral. Control of all manned spaceflights passes from the Launch Control Centre (LCC) at Cape Canaveral to the Manned Spacecraft Centre (MSC) near Houston.

A:I expect to find some more information on the MSC later.

Ex. 13. Read the dialogue as if you were A, B.

Ex. 14. Translate into English,

1. В центрах управления полетом много телекамер и приемников. 2. Управляющие полетом нажатием кнопки на своих пультах проверяют ход полета по плану полета.

3. Все космические аппараты управляются из центров управления полетами. 4. Центр управления полетом яв­ ляется частью космического центра. 5. На космодроме несколько стартовых комплексов. 6. Во время полета корабля работают станции слежения. 7. Непилотируемые аппараты — это искусственные спутники, зонды, орби­ тальные космические станции без экипажа. 8. Пилоти­ руемые аппараты так же, как и непилотируемые, имеют сложнейшее оборудование для экспериментов. 9. Непило­ тируемые и пилотируемые полеты дополняют друг друга. 10. Оба вида полетов призваны помочь нам в познании окружающей среды на нашей планете. 11. Создание дол­ госрочных орбитальных станций для всестороннего иссле­ дования околоземного пространства — основное направ­ ление в космонавтике сегодня. 12. Орбитальный косми­ ческий комплекс — долгосрочная орбитальная станция

«СашшпЧб»» (г дрряда кораблями «Союз» — еще один шаг в

Ex. 16Read tUhie tarts and retell them.

A.Manned Spacecraft Centre, Houston. Control of all manned spaceflights passes from the Launch Control Centre (LCC) at Cape Canaveral to the Manned Space­ craft Centre (MSC), 20 miles (32 km) south-east of Hous­ ton, 10 seconds after lift-off. Until 1961 it was unde­ veloped cattle country; in three years it became the world’s most sophisticated scientific centre. Unlike an

1965. The US Mission Control Centre is a three-story buil­ ding at the NASA Johnson Space Centre. In it is some of the most sophisticated communication, computer, data reduction and data display equipment available. Ope­ rating it — 24 hours a day during manned space flights — are hundreds of engineers and tehnicians with a wide scope of specialized skills. And from it come the deci­ sions that can mean mission success or failure.

B. The focal point of the Mission Control Centre is the Mis­ sion Operations Control Room (MOCR). There flight controllers get information from television-like screens on the consoles or from projected displays that fill the wall at the front of the room. The MOCR (pronounced as though it were a word spelled «moker») provides wor­ king space for three basic operating groups of flight controllers: a) mission command and control, b) systems operations, and c) flight dynamics.

The command and control group is headed by the mis­ sion director who is responsible for overall mission conduct. There is also a flight operations director who represents the Johnson Space Center management and a flight director who is responsible for operational decisions and actions in the MOCR.

Others in the command and control group are: the flight activities officer, who develops and coordinates the flight plan; the surgeon who monitors the crew’s medical condition; the spacecraft communicator, referred to as

«Сарсош» (from early manned flight, when Mercury was called a capsule rather than a spacecraft), who is the voice contact with the crew; the experiments officer who coordi­ nates mission experiments activity; and the public affairs officer who reports mission events to the public.

C. The system operations group monitors data on the spacecraft and the launch vehicle and, when necessary, suggests ways to repair or circumvent malfunctioning equip­ ment. The group includes an environmental, electrical and communications engineer for each spacecraft and a guid­ ance, navigation, and control engineer for each. Other posi­ tions are booster systems engineers, communication engine­ ers, and procedures officers. In the flight dynamics grouping are the flight dynamics officer (FIDO), who monitors and plans spacecraft maneuvers, the guidance officer (GUIDO), who keeps spacecraft guidance systems updated with cur­ rent flight information, and the retrofire officer, who plans deorbit maneuvers for earth orbital flights, or calculates reentry trajectories for return from deep space.

IV. SOVIET SPACE PROGRAMME

Read the space terms (Russian equivalents are on p. 132).

Read the key words. Find their Russian equivalents in «Active vocabulary» if necessary.

K e y w o r d s : Soviet space firsts, artificial satellites, piloted space vehicles, interplanetary stations, imple­ menting, programme, the Earth, the Moon, the Sun.

Ex. 1. Listen to the space terms and the key words and repeat them after the speaker.

Ex. 2. Listen to the word combinations and their Russian equi­ valents, repeat them after the speaker.

space rocketry, space carrier-rockets, the other side of the moon, in the vicinity of the earth, man’s dream came true, space walk, in the wake of, by no means, in the im­ mediate future, the first to reach, to attach importance.

R u s s i a n e q u i v a l e n t s : космическое ракетострое­ ние, космические ракеты-носители, невидимая сторона Луны, на околоземной орбите, осуществилась мечта человека, выход в открытый космос, вслед за, ни­ коим образом/вовсе не, в ближайшем будущем, пер­ вый, кто достиг, придавать значение.

Ех. 3. Listen to the sentences and repeat them after the speaker.

1.In October 1957 the first sputnik rocketed into space.

2.In its wake came the most sophisticated piloted space­

ships. 3. The study of outer space is now a prominent field of science. 4. The name of S. Korolev is associated with the development of space carrier-rockets. 5. Academician Kel­ dysh has made a great contribution to theoretical work in cosmonautics. 6. Luna-2 was the first to reach the moon. 7. A. Leonov made the first space walk. 8. We by no means exclude manned flights to the Moon. 9. In the imme­ diate future we’ll continue exploring the immediate vicinity of the earth. 10. The group flight was a new step in solving this problem.

Ex. 4. Make up questions for which the folowing would be the answers.

1.We by no means exclude manned flights to the Moon.

2.Man’s dream of outer space came true on April 12, 1961.

3.His name is associated with the implementation of a broad space programme. 4. The first space walk was made by A. Leonov. 5. Luna-3 sent back the first photographs of the other side of the Moon. 6. The road into space covered by Soviet cosmonautics began in October, 1957.

Ex. 5. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The road covered by Soviet cosmonautics began in October, 1957. 2. In the wake of the first sputnik came the most sophisticated piloted spaceships. 3. When we speak of successes in space exploration we always41mention Acade­ mician S. Korolev. 4. Luna-2 was the first to reach the moon’s surface in September, 1959. 5. Soviet space firsts also include the first experimental orbital station formed

by Soyuz-4 and Soyuz-5. 6. We attach primary importance to the epxloration of the moon by automatic stations,™^

Ex. 6. Show in some way that you understand the meaning of the following:

the immediate future; group flight; space rocketry; space carrier-rockets; piloted space vehicles; orbital space station; artificial satellite; flight trajectory; launching sites; the other side of the Moon.

Ex. 7. Read the text and answer the questions.

1. What was the basis for the exploration of space?

2.Who was the soul of the development of space rocketry?

3.What was the first stage of space exploration? 4.What

was characteristic of the second stage of space research? 5. How can we characterize the third stage of space explo­ ration? 6. What achievement in space exploration can he considered its fourth stage? 7. What are the prospects of the space research development?

TEXT 4

The space road covered by Soviet cosmonautics began in October, 1957, when the sputnik, the first artificial Earth satellite, rocketed into space. In its wake came the most sophisticated piloted space vehicles, orbital and interpla­ netary automatic stations.

The study of outer space is now a prominent field of science. When we speak of successes in space exploration, we must mention the man who was the soul of the development of space rocketry in this country. He was Academician Ser­ gey Korolev. His name is associated with the development of space carrier-rockets, Earth’s first artificial satellite, the Vostok and Voskhod spaceships, the first sputniks of the Cosmos series, and Soviet successes in the first flights to the Moon, Venus and Mars with interplanetary automatic stations. Academician Mstislav Keldysh, known through­ out the world, has made a great contribution to theoretical work in cosmonautics, in determining and implementing a broad programme of space exploration in this country.

Luna-1, the world’s first automatic interplanetary station, was put into a flight trajectory to the Moon in January, 1959. Luna-2 was the first to reach the Moon’s surface in September, 1959. Luna-3 sent back the first photographs of the other side of the Moon. Man’s dream of outer space came true on April 12, 1961. Yuri Gagarin made the first space flight on board the Vostok. Alexei Leonov made the first space walk in March, 1965.