Солнцева Практический курс английского языка Ч.2 2011

условиях и получают крайне низкую зарплату, неравенство, уничтожение природных ресурсов, приносить пользу;

3.целесообразный, развивающиеся страны, движение антиглобалистов, выгодный;

4.многонациональная компания, законное избранное правительство.

10b. Listen for the equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

1.справедливый, детский труд, нарушение прав человека, равномерно распределенный, пропасть между богатыми и бедными странами, эксплуатировать;

2.доступ к информации, квалифицированный рабочий (работник), торговля на основе взаимной выгоды (честная торговля), вытащить людей из нищеты, конкурентоспособность, производительность;

3.расталкивать, производство, снижать затраты;

4.конкурировать, отдаленный рынок;

5.наносить вред окружающей среде, глобальное потепление, изменение климата, зарабатывать деньги.

11. Translate into English using the vocabulary from ex.7a, 10a, 10b.

1.В попытке снизить затраты многонациональные компании наносят непоправимый вред окружающей среде, уничтожая природные ресурсы, что приводит к изменениям климата, и является причиной глобального потепления.

2.О какой честной торговле ты говоришь?

3.Развитые страны стараются заработать деньги и получить прибыль любыми средствами - эксплуатируют детский труд, заставляют граждан развивающихся стран работать в чрезвычайно тяжелых условиях.

4.Повсеместное нарушение прав человека перестало быть чем-то из ряда вон выходящим.

5.Конкурентоспособность китайской экономики, правительственные инвестиции, быстрые темпы развития производства и высокая производительность даже в условиях мирового финансового кризиса позволили законно избранному правительству вытащить многих людей из нищеты и превратить страну из отдаленного рынка в державу, способную конкурировать с лидерами мировой экономики.

6.Что ты думаешь о неравенстве и пропасти между богатыми и бедными странами?

7.В этой компании доступ к информации неравномерно распределен между квалифицированными работниками.

8.Движение антиглобалистов становится все популярнее.

41

Listening and Speaking: Rich and Poor

1. Look at the graphs. Is the 3. Do the matching task to help you information true (T) or false (F)? understand the lecture you are going to

4. Listen to the lecture and take notes about the following: the number of poor people;

the place where the majority of the poor live; who exactly the poor people are;

why poverty exists;

the ―vicious circle‖ of poverty; what can be done about poverty.

Example:

* Poverty

-increasing – 1/3 world pop.

-rich / poor gap - growing

5.Work in pairs. Use your notes to give short answers to the questions in ex.4.

6.What do the following numbers refer to: 1/3, 1960, 35 million, late 1990s, 1996, 0.7%? Give a short context.

Listening and Speaking: Helping the Third World Countries

You will hear a radio panel discussion about Third World charities, with a presenter and three speakers.

1. Before you listen make sure you know the following vocabulary units:

starvation, famine, drought, earthquake, to feel guilt, to donate, there‘s no point in doing sth, with the best of intentions, the first world, to tamper with water system, complex, victim, to impose sth on sb, a will

2. Listen and answer the questions:

a. What does each speaker think about giving money to Third World charities? Write А, В or С in the table.

It's something everyone should do.

In general, it's worthwhile.

In general, it isn't worth it.

There's absolutely no point in it.

b. Which of these points do the speakers make? Write A, В, or С beside each statement.

The West's efforts to help the Third World have often led to disaster. Many people in the West give money to charities because they feel guilty. The West has no right to tell the Third World what to do.

You shouldn't give money to charities unless you know how it's going to be used.

43

The West has so much money that they have a duty to give some to the Third World.

Money given to the Third World is often wasted.

It's worth spending money on educating people, so that they can help themselves.

3. Work in pairs. Discuss your attitude to the issue of the Third World countries.

Reading and Speaking: The World Population Problem

1. Here are three opinions about the problem of world population. Read each one and summarise the main point in one sentence. Which opinion do you agree with most? Use the matching task to help you with the unfamiliar vocabulary.

A.

If we carry on like this, the world will eventually run out of energy, clean water, food and land. Some of the poorest countries will soon have nuclear weapons, and will probably use them, as resources become scarce and wars begin to break out.

If disaster is to be avoided, we must take action now to reduce the size of the world's population.

There is much the richer nations could do to encourage people to have smaller families. For example, if they gave all women in developing countries $25 a month until the birth of their third child, this would double or triple family

44

incomes, and most women would decide to stop at two children, so as to keep receiving the money.

The problem is not that there are too many people in the world, but that we have not yet developed ways of meeting their needs. The world has faced many other challenges in the past, and found ways of dealing with them - indeed, progress is made precisely because there are problems to be solved.

There have already been spectacular increases in food production to meet the demands of rising populations, and as new problems arise, so solutions will be found for them.

What is not acceptable is for rich nations to tell poor people that they're not allowed to have children. If we continue to interfere in their affairs, we will only cause suffering and resentment.

The main reason that poor people have a lot of children is that children represent money: they can get jobs or provide their parents with free labour.

So the answer to the population problem lies in development. If their prosperity can be increased, people will begin to have fewer children. This has already happened in most of Europe, and is happening at the moment in countries such as South Korea and Taiwan.

If the rich nations want this to happen, they must cancel the huge debts that are crippling many developing countries. This would release much-needed money for economic development, and the population problem would look after itself.

2. Split into groups of three or four. Discuss your own suggestion for helping to solve the world population problem, write it down on a piece of paper and pass it to another group. Look at the suggestion you have received. Do you think it's a good idea? Why do you think it would or wouldn't work? Tell the class.

45

Grammar: Reported Speech

1a. In everyday life people often report what other people have said ... but not always accurately!

Answer the following questions

for each picture:

What's happening? What do the speakers claim were the original words?

1b. Listen to the actual words and correct what was

said (t/s 75). You do not have to report every single word, as long as the content is correct.

Actually, she said…

2a. Listen to two people reporting

what another said (t/s 76). Who thinks Debbie is telling the truth: A or B? What is the difference in the stress pattern?

2b. Listen to eight more people reporting what

others said (t/s 77).

Which did not think the speaker was telling the truth?

46

3.Correct the mistakes underlined in the reported speech:

1.The journalist told the Prime Minister did he know anything about the scandal.

2.The minister said journalists last year he will resign if his policy is not successful, but he is still in his job.

3.The manager told that his team had done their best yesterday but if the other side had simply played better.

4.Journalists added the minister when will he make his decision.

5.The President said he is speaking to other leaders later this day to discuss how they will react.

Reading and Speaking: Paradise Lost

1.Before you read the text discuss the following questions in small groups:

What are the most important tourist spots in your country? Does tourism cause any problems there?

What are the main problems associated with the tourist industry in the world?

2. Use the matching task to help you with the difficult vocabulary:

3.Read the article and answer the following questions:

1.How is tourism destroying the object of its affection in Majorca and the

47

Philippines?

2.What are the statistics of the global tourist industry?

3.What are the effects of tourism?

4.Who are the winners and losers?

5.What are possible future developments?

What can be done to stop tourism destroying the object of its affection? Maurice Chandler reports on the boom in world travel.

On the sun-soaked Mediterranean island of Majorca, the locals are angry. Too late. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, they cashed in on foreign nationals, mainly Germans, wanting to buy up property on their idyllic island. Suddenly it occurred to Majorcans that the island no longer belonged to them. They don't deny tourism's vital contribution to the local economy. The industry has transformed Majorca from one of Spain's poorest parts to the richest in per capita income. But the island's 630,000 inhabitants are increasingly convinced that the 14 million foreign visitors a year are far too much of a good thing. Water is rationed, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.

On the other side of the world, 250 Filipinos were recently evicted from their homes. Their lake-shore village of Ambulong was cleared by

hundreds of police, who demolished 24 houses. The intention of the authorities was to make way for a major business venture - not oil, logging, or mining, but an environmentally-friendly holiday resort.

A growth industry

Tourism is the world's largest and fastest growing industry. In 1950, 25m people travelled abroad; last year it was 750m. The World Tourism Organization estimates that by 2020 1.6bn people will travel each year, spending over two trillion US dollars.

The effects of tourism

To millions of tourists, foreign destinations are exotic paradises, unspoilt, idyllic, and full of local charm. But many of the world's resorts are struggling to

48

cope with relentless waves of tourists, whose demands for ever more swimming pools and golf courses are sucking them dry.

'The issue is massive and global,' says Tricia Barnett, director of Tourism Concern, a charity which campaigns for more responsible approaches to travel. Tourists in Africa will be having a shower and then will see a local woman with a pot of water on her head, and they are not making the connection. Sometimes you'll see a village with a single tap, when each hotel has taps and showers in every room.'

The problem is that tourists demand so much water. It has been calculated that a tourist in Spain uses up 880 litres of water a day, compared with 250 litres by a local. An 18-hole golf course in a dry country can consume as much water as a town of 10,000 people. In the Caribbean, hundreds of thousands of people go without piped water during the high tourist season, as springs are piped to hotels.

Winners and losers

The host country may not see many benefits. In Thailand, 60% of the $4bn annual tourism revenue leaves the country. Low-end package tourists tend to stay at big foreign-owned hotels, cooped up in the hotel compound, buying few local products, and having no contact with the local community other than with the waiters and chambermaids employed by the hotel. 'Mass tourism usually leaves little money inside the country,' says Tricia Barnett. 'Most of the money ends up with the airlines, the tour operators, and the foreign hotel owners.'

These days the industry's most urgent question may be how to keep the crowds at bay. A prime example of this is Italy, where great cultural centres like Florence and Venice can't handle all the tourists they get every summer. In Florence, where the city's half-million or so inhabitants have to live with the pollution, gridlock, and crime generated by 11 million visitors a year, there's talk not only of boosting hotel taxes, but even of charging admission to some public squares. The idea is to discourage at least some visitors, as well as to pay for cleaning up the mess.

The future

For many poorer countries, tourism may still offer the best hope for development. 'The Vietnamese are doing their best to open up their country,' says Patrick Duffey of the World Tourism Organization. 'Iran is working on a master plan for their tourism. Libya has paid $1 million for a study. They all want tourists. And people like to discover ever new parts of the world, they are tired of mass tourism. Even if a country doesn't have beaches, it can offer mountains and deserts and unique cultures.'

Yet if something isn't done, tourism seems destined to become the victim of its own success. Its impact on the environment is a major concern. In hindsight, tourist organizations might have second thoughts about what exactly they were trying to sell.

49

As Steve McGuire, a tourist consultant, says, 'Tourism more often than not ruins the very assets it seeks to exploit, and having done the damage, simply moves off elsewhere.'

4.Look through the text again and find equivalents to the following words and word combinations: купающийся в солнечных лучах, иностранные

граждане, существенный вклад, нормировать, ухудшаться, доступное жилье, крупное коммерческое предприятие, курорт, массовый, кувшин, (водопроводный) кран, поле для гольфа, водопроводная вода, источник, принимающая страна, годовой оборот; человек, купивший недорогой тур, включающий в себя перелет, трансфер, проживание, питание, мед. страховку и др. услуги; территория отеля, брать плату за вход, генеральный план.

5.Match a line in A with a line in B. Can you remember the contexts?

6.Translate the last two paragraphs of the text into literary Russian.

7.What do the following numbers refer to? Supply a short context:

630,000; 14 million; 250; 24; 1950; 25 million; 750 million; 2020; 1.6 billion; 2

trillion; 880; 250; 10,000; 60%; 0.5 million; 11 million

8. Translate into English using the vocabulary from the matching task.

1.Я не могу и часа обойтись без своего телефона.

2.Я тоже люблю спорт, но 5 часов подряд на лыжах – это уже перебор!

3.Вода, которая подается по трубам в наши квартиры, нуждается в дополнительной фильтрации.

4.Из-за непрекращающегося дождя им пришлось бóльшую часть отпуска просидеть взаперти в отеле.

5.Местное население выселяют из домов. Ужас, да?

6.Оглядываясь назад, я начинаю сомневаться в том, что правильно выбрал профессию.

7.Эти жуткие пробки выжимают все соки из москвичей!

8.В большинстве случаев ей удавалось держать своих фанатов на расстоянии.

50