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9.10. Read the text.

WAP PHONE

What is WAP? WAP stands for “wireless application protocol” which allows users to send e-mails and access any information from the Internet on a mobile phone. This has been made possible by technological advances in “bandwidths”, the amount of data that can be received or sent within a fraction of a second. This means that it can be used for many more purposes than were previously imagined, including video transmission.

People are expected to use WAP to access online news and financial services, sports scores and infotainment, most of which you should be able to reach by scrolling down a set menu bar. You will also be able to book tickets by WAP.

Sending e-mails is likely to be the application that is used most often, as people will be able to pick up messages at any time from anywhere in the world. Gambling and games, some of which can be downloaded, are also expected to be popular with users. But you can, of course, use the WAP to make regular phone calls.

9.11. Match the following words and expressions with their equivalents.

1. Wireless

a) строка меню (строка, содержащая названия

Application

меню приложения, расположенная под

Protocol

строкой заголовка окна)

2. a fraction of

b) протокол, предназначенный для

a second

распространения информационных

 

материалов по Интернет

3. to scroll

c) получать сообщения

4. online

d) комп. прикладная задача

5. a menu bar

e) загружать (по каналу связи)

6. an application

f) доля секунды

7. to pick up

g) в режиме реального времени

messages

 

 

8. to download

h) прокручивать изображение в окне,

 

скроллировать

9. e-mail

j) электронное письмо; имейл (разг.)

10. infotainment

i) информационно-развлекательная среда, такая

(information +

как мультимедиа системы

entertainment)

 

 

 

 

 

 

161

9.12. Match the beginnings and ends of the following sentences.

1.

WAP stands for

a) to access online news and financial

 

 

services.

2. This means that it can be used

b) that is used most often.

 

for many more purposes

 

3. People are expected to use

c) are also expected to be popular with

 

WAP

users.

4.

You will also be able

d) use the WAP to make regular phone

 

 

calls.

5.

Sending e-mails is likely to be

e) than were previously imagined.

 

the application

 

6. Gambling and games

f) “wireless application protocol”.

7.

You can

g) to book tickets by WAP.

9.13. Translate the text “WAP Phone” into Russian.

9.14. Work in pairs. Discuss answers to the following questions.

1.What are mobile phones mostly used for?

2.What do you personally use your mobile for?

3.What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a mobile phone?

 

Syntactical Мetalanguage

S

– subject

V

– verb

Vs

– verb + ending -s

Ved/2

– verb in the Past Simple

Ved/3

– Participle II

Ving

– Participle I

162

 

 

 

 

 

Table 9.1

 

 

 

Simple (Indefinite) Tenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Past

 

Present

Future

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S + Ved/2

 

S + V(s)

S + will V

 

 

 

 

 

 

I went to the cinema

 

I go to the cinema every

I will go to the cinema

yesterday.

 

week.

tomorrow.

 

 

 

 

(He goes…)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Did + S + V?

 

Do/Does + S + V?

Will + S + V?

 

 

 

 

 

 

Did you go to the cin-

 

Do you go to the cinema

Will you go to the

ema yesterday?

 

every week?

cinema tomorrow?

Yes, I did. / No, I

 

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

Yes, I will. / No,

didn’t.

 

(Does he go…?)

I won’t.

 

 

 

 

Yes, he does. / No, he

 

 

 

 

 

doesn’t.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S + did not + V

 

S + do/does not + V

S + will not + V

Short form: didn’t

 

Short forms: don’t,

Short form: won’t

 

 

 

 

doesn’t

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I didn’t go to the

 

I don’t go (He doesn’t

I won’t go to the

cinema yesterday.

 

go…) to the cinema eve-

cinema tomorrow.

 

 

 

 

ry week.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.15.Change the following sentences into the past simple or future simple tenses.

1.I usually compare the experiment results.

2.They do not often discuss their problems with us.

3.Do you often deal with complicated problems?

4.He always measures all these parameters during the experiment.

5.Does he ever take notes of the initial and final results?

6.We sometimes compare the results received with the theory.

7.I do not often get the equipment ready for the measurements.

8.My colleague and I do independent researches every month.

9.You sometimes try new methods.

163

10.Does she ever change the experiment conditions?

11.Нe works in the team on theoretical research.

12.He does not often use electron microscopy.

9.16.Write the following statements about each person involved, as in the model.

Model: – My assistant and I check the instruments.

I check the instruments.

My assistant checks the instruments.

1.My assistant and I analyze the results.

2.My colleague and I take part in all the experiments.

3.Dr. Brown and I often talk about our achievements.

4.My assistant and I design measuring instruments.

5.My colleague and I always keep a record of the results received.

6.My colleague and I never obtain bad results.

7.My assistant and I often make computations.

8.Dr. Smith and I rarely apply infrared spectroscopy.

9.17.Make questions with what, when, where, how, how often, how much, why, as in the model.

Model: – You measure it.

What do you measure?

How do you measure it?

Why do you measure it?

When do you measure it?

1.You study them.

2.We observe it.

3.It changes.

4.He determines it.

5.She checks them.

6.They detect it.

7.We analyze them.

8.It increases.

9.They produce them.

10.It divides.

11.I ignore them.

12.We talk about it.

164

9.18.Contradict the following statements, as in the model.

Model: – I assume Dr. Fox reported some new data.

You are mistaken. (You are wrong.) He didn’t report any new data.

1.I think he used some experimental techniques.

2.I suppose he outlined the present state of research in this field.

3.If I am not mistaken, his paper included some theoretical aspects of the last investigations.

4.I think you made some progress in your research work last year.

5.He presented some new experimental data in his paper.

6.I think he took all these facts into account.

7.If I am not mistaken, he formulated a new theoretical concept.

8.I think you made reference to our previous research in your paper.

9.I am sure his experiment attracted the attention of specialists.

10.I think his theory led to some discoveries in physics.

11.I think his research resulted in a new mechanism of the process.

12.If I am not mistaken, they made this experiment last year.

13.I suppose it took her two hours to complete the experiment.

14.If I am not mistaken, this hypothesis lacked confirmation.

15.I think this course of investigation suited our purpose.

16.I suppose they made the fundamental discoveries in this new science nearly twenty years ago.

17.If I am not mistaken, all available data correlated well.

9.19.Answer the following questions using the future simple tense, as in the model.

Model: – What are you going to do tomorrow? (go on with experiments)

I think I will go on with my experiments.

1.What are you going to do on Monday? (write a report)

2.What are you going to do at the weekend? (have a rest)

3.What are you going to do next week? (pass exams)

4.What are you going to do next month? (read a lot of literature in English)

5.What are you going to do next year? (graduate from the university)

6.What are you going to do in the near future? (become a programmer)

7.What another problem are you going to take during the next meeting? (bring the experiment and theory into agreement)

8.What are your plans for the next year? (find a good job)

165

 

 

 

 

Table 9.2

 

 

Progressive (Continuous) Tenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Past

Present

Future

 

 

 

 

 

 

S + was/were + Ving

S + am/is /are + Ving

S + will be + Ving

 

 

 

 

 

I was doing

I am doing

I will be doing

my homework

my homework now.

my homework

at 5 o’clock / when he

 

at 5 o’clock / when he

came.

 

comes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Was/Were + S + Ving?

Am/Is/Are + S + Ving?

Will + S + be + Ving?

 

 

 

 

 

Were you doing your

Are you doing your

Will you be doing

homework at 5 o’clock /

homework now?

your homework at 5

when he came?

 

o’clock / when he

 

 

 

 

comes?

Yes, I was. / No,

Yes, I am. / No,

Yes, I will. / No,

I wasn’t.

I’m not.

I won’t.

S + was/were not + Ving

S + am/is/are not + Ving

S + will not be + Ving

 

 

Short forms:

Short forms:

Short form:

 

 

I (he she, it) wasn’t

I’m not

won’t

 

we (you, they) weren’t

he (she, it) isn’t

 

 

 

 

you (we, they) aren’t

 

 

 

 

 

 

I wasn’t doing my

I’m not doing my

I won’t be doing my

homework at 5 o’clock /

homework now.

homework at

when he came.

 

5 o’clock / when he

 

 

 

 

comes.

 

 

 

 

 

9.20.Use the following sentences to describe the modern science, as in the model.

Model: – Scientific information did not grow so rapidly during the last century.

Scientific information is growing very rapidly now.

1.Not so many people took part in research during the last century.

2.Scientists did not work in big research teams during the last century.

166

3.Knowledge did not expand so rapidly during the last century.

4.Science did not provide such a vast mass of data during the last century.

5.Science did not attract so many people during the last century.

6.Scientists did not publish so many papers during the last century.

7.The number of publications did not increase so rapidly during the last century.

8.Not so many new branches of science emerged during the last century.

9.21.Complete the following sentences with the present, past or the future progressive form of the verb in brackets, as in the model.

Model: – What … you … now? (read)

What are you reading now?

1.When I came home, my sister … her report. (prepare)

2.What … you … tomorrow at 11 o’clock? (do)

3.Who… he … yesterday evening? (talk to)

4.We … a test tomorrow morning. (write)

5.Where is the teacher? He … a new material. (explain)

6.I … the article yesterday at 5 o’clock. (translate)

7.They … their exam tomorrow afternoon. (pass)

 

 

 

 

Table 9.3

 

 

 

Perfect Tenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Past

Present

Future

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S + had + Ved/3

S + has/have + Ved/3

S + will have + Ved/3

 

 

 

 

 

I had written the letter

I have just / already /

I will have written the

by 5 o’clock / before he

recently / lately

letter by 5 o’clock /

came.

written the letter.

before he comes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Had + S + Ved/3?

Have/Has + S + Ved/3?

Will + S + have + Ved/3?

 

 

 

 

 

167

Had you written the

 

Have you already

Will you have written

letter by 5 o’clock /

 

written the letter?

the letter by 5 o’clock /

before he came?

 

 

 

before he comes?

Yes, I had. / No,

 

Yes, I have. / No,

Yes, I will. / No,

I hadn’t.

 

I haven’t.

I won’t.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

S + had not + Ved/3

S + have/has not + Ved/3

 

S + will not have + Ved/3

Short form:

 

Short forms:

 

Short form:

hadn’t

 

haven’t, hasn’t

 

won’t have

 

 

 

 

I hadn’t written the

I haven’t written the

 

I won’t have written the

letter by 5 o’clock /

letter yet.

 

letter by 5 o’clock /

before he came.

 

 

 

before he comes.

9.22.Change the following sentences, as in the model.

Model: – I am going to show my slides.

I haven’t shown my slides yet.

1.I am going to review the data.

2.I am going to explain the result of the experiment.

3.I am going to find some mistakes in the article.

4.I am going to write my thesis.

5.He is going to visit our laboratory.

6.He is going to read his paper.

7.She is going to describe the results.

8.She is going to complete this experiment.

9.We are going to test this installation.

10.We are going to discuss this problem.

11.They are going to send us reprints of their papers.

12.They are going to use the new approach.

9.23.Answer the following questions using the present, past or the future perfect tense, as in the model.

Model: – Why don’t you send your paper to a journal? (already)

I have already sent it to “Nature” journal.

1.Why don’t you write to the editor of this journal? (by the end of this week)

168

2.Why don’t you read my article? (by 5 o’clock yesterday)

3.Why don’t you have a talk with your group leader? (recently)

4.Why doesn’t he answer your letter? (by the end of the week)

5.Why don’t you show him your results? (just)

6.Why doesn’t he send you a copy of his paper? (by next Monday)

7.Why doesn’t your leader give you some advice on the matter? (already)

8.Why don’t you show Dr. Brown a copy of your recent paper? (by the beginning of the next term)

9.24.Choose the right variant and complete the following sentences.

1.My friend … the university last year.

 

a) had entered

b) entered

c) has entered

2.

Yesterday at 1 p.m. I … some additional material in the library.

 

a) read

b) had read

c) was reading

3.

A programmer … instructions and data to the computer.

 

а) give

b) giving

c) gives

4.

They … their new project by the end of May.

 

 

a) will finish

b) will have finished

c) will be finishing

5.

I …this question over when I … him.

 

 

a) will talk; meet

b) will talk; met

c) will talk; will meet

6.

I … already … my report.

 

 

a) had made

b) has made

c) have made

7.

He … English before he went to the USA.

 

 

a) learnt

b) had learnt

c) has learnt

8. ‘Have you done your homework yet?’ a) do b) doing

‘No, I … it now.’ c) am doing

9. Don’t come to my place at 5 o’clock. I … .

 

a) will work

b) will be working

c) will have worked

10. I … my Diploma Project now.

 

a) write

b) wrote

c) am writing

11. We … it before you … .

 

a) have done; come

b) had done; came

c) had done; come

169

12. As a rule he … tests well.

 

a) is writing

b) write

c) writes

13. I can’t go out because I … the experiment.

 

a) haven’t finished

b) hadn’t finished

c) didn’t finish

170

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