Complex Object

1. I noticed some mistakes in my test to be not corrected. 2. The monitor of our group instructed us to attend all the lectures this week. 3. All of us hope our Chemistry teacher to give some extra lectures before the exam. 4. I know her to speak English fluently. 5. We didn’t want anybody to stop the experiment. 6. Everybody noticed him to be proud of the results received. 7. The students of our faculty know Professor White to be a very experienced and talented teacher. 8. The authorities of the company expect the contract to be signed immediately. 9. He didn’t hope his parents to give him some money for the second higher education. 10. I heard his name to be mentioned among the members of the students’ research team. 11. I noticed the text to be difficult, so I had to use a dictionary. 12. His friends knew him to have come just back from England. 13. Nobody noticed her to have left the classroom. 14. We heard her to be good at German, so we asked her to help with the translation.

Infinitive Construction with for

1. For such data to find application in further work their validity must be left in no doubt. 2. For this effect to manifest itself the following conditions should be created. 3. For the long-term experiments to be realizable various aspects of the problem must be taken into account. 4. For such a study to be of any scientific value the researcher must have acquaintance with several adjacent fields. 5. For such a modification to be justifiable the resulting conditions must have several advantages over the present situation. 6. For such an approach to be justified the final result must have a much degree of accuracy. 7. For the pupils to understand the function of the mouse in computer operation was not difficult. 8. For such suggestions to be of practical use they must be based on observation and experience. 9. For this method to become applicable to our experiment the following alterations should be made.

COMPLEX SENTENCES

Subject Clauses

1. That the lawyer’s advice is necessary persuaded me to find a good lawyer. 2. Who of the third-year students will take part in research project depends on the dean’s choice. 3. Where to stay while traveling on business is usually very important. 4. What he has done doesn’t clear the matter.

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5. Whether both these devices will be exhibited during the conference has yet to be decided. 6. That you have failed the exam in management is known to everybody in our group. 7. Who has won in the competition will be known after the public voting. 8. That you are an intelligent student will give you the opportunity to graduate from the university with the Red Diploma. 9. Where we will carry out the experiment is very meaningful. 10. Whether he is a student of our group or another doesn’t matter at all. 11. That he has missed a very important meeting is strange. 12. Whether we will have the same number of exams next semester is uncertain. 13. Where we will have summer practice is not known yet. 14. How much money I will need to start my business is not calculated yet.

Predicate Clauses

1. The importance of our experiment is that it will be carried out in cooperation with some students from Holland. 2. The matter of starting any business is whether to take a partner or to take a loan from a bank. 3. The difficulty is whether the dean will give the permission to miss his lecture. 4. The trouble is that I have completely forgotten to inform the teacher about the students’ meeting. 5. The problem is who of the students wouldn’t like to work for our company. 6. The question was whether our university had won the international grant. 7. The only important result of our cooperation with the students from another faculty was that our project was announced the best one. 8. According to statistics, the most popular question among young people is whether to find a well-paid job abroad.

Object Clauses

1.He was sure that the book was a standard of clarity and objectivity.

2.He emphasized in his talk that the new program made provision for intensive theoretical investigations. 3. We were aware of the fact that the problem required fundamental study. 4. We concluded from this finding that the feedback mechanism was involved. 5. We expected that the new conference regulations would stimulate informal discussion and exchange of ideas. 6. We were convinced that some day we would be able to benefit from these findings.

7.They admitted that even after the research was completed, the nature of these changes would still remain open to the question. 8. He pointed out in his paper that lack of experimental evidence would stand in the way of further work.

9. We were aware that a mistake had been made in the experimental design. 10. He said that he had encountered references to that work in earlier

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literature. 11. He reported two years later that his original idea had been erroneous. 12. He pointed out that the question had been raised long before any actual work was started in this direction. 13. We showed in our previous paper that a certain balance had been achieved between the experiment and the theory. 14. We believe that this case is an exception to the general rule. 15. We think that this problem is a great challenge to a theorist.

Attribute Clauses

1. I have mentioned a few cases to which the theory applies. 2. You are asking a question to which no answer can be given at present. 3. I can describe the conditions under which the experiment was conducted. 4. There is no doubt where the defect is localized. 5. There is no evidence when this mechanism comes into action. 6. There is no doubt which factor plays an essential part in this process. 7. There is no evidence how these facts are interrelated. 8. We have no idea how far this relation goes. 9. We have no information on what factors might be involved. 10. We have no explanation why this value should be so large. 11. We have no idea to what extent these processes are interrelated. 12. There is no explanation why these values should differ so much. 13. The man who is talking to somebody by the window is the dean of our faculty. 14. The person whose e-mail I received yesterday wants to invite me to the interview. 15. The report which I presented at the conference has been discussed for two hours. 16. The members of the university football team who had taken part in the competition were awarded with gold medals. 17. I have finally found the title for the article which I have written already.

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

I.

1. If we used this approach, we would have a lot of problems. 2. You should understand the point if you made an effort. 3. If I met Professor Bright, I would discuss my future plans. 4. If you offered your assistance, the authorities of the university would appreciate it. 5. If Den didn’t take part in scientific conferences, he wouldn’t be responsible for the project. 6. The questions wouldn’t be discussed right now if the dean didn’t agree to sign the paper. 7. We shouldn’t go into too many details if the problem was not very serious. 8. If John was able to describe the results of the experiment, they would include his article in the journal. 9. If Henry knew how to control the process, the results would be different. 10. Our group would start a laboratory work, if we knew the answers to some questions. 11. We should be warned if

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something went wrong. 12. If they had all the necessary equipment, we would start the experiment. 13. We would have a better result of the experiment if we used the modern equipment. 14. If I was in the town, I would visit the exhibition of the new computer equipment. 15. If somebody informed me about the meeting I wouldn’t be late. 16. The data accuracy would be higher if we combined the two methods. 17. What would happen if certain experimental conditions were not satisfied? 18. I would start the laboratory work just now if I knew that you would help me. 19. If the technology supplied the science, we would have more contracts with our colleagues abroad.

II.

1. It would be more useful now to renew our contact with the research group. 2. It would be necessary to stimulate the researchers’ interest in this particular problem. 3. It would be interesting now to discuss the possibilities that arise from the application of this approach. 4. It would be natural to ask how the problem is solved in this case. 5. It would be difficult for our research group to analyze the results of the experiment without Mr. Owen. 6. It would be useful to learn where this error comes from. It would be unacceptable to have the tests in the end of this year. 7. It would be interesting to know weather our principal will work in other conditions. 8. It would be useful for you to choose between the two methods as they are both inaccurate. 9. It would be impossible for our department to build a new laboratory during this year. 10. It would be necessary to invite the members of the committee to take part in the experiment.

III.

1. He would have received the post if he hadn’t been late. 2. What would you have done if I had given you the list of the recent discoveries? 3. If Mr. Harris had asked me those questions earlier, I would definitely have got the results in the morning. 4. ‘What would have happened if the teacher had given us the test to home?’ ‘We would have written it with the better results.’ 5. We would have discussed your suggestion if we had had the plan of your research work. 6. I wouldn’t have answered the questions if I hadn’t read the article the day before. 7. If I had been informed about the conference a week before, I would have taken part and would have presented some new ideas. 8. We would have obtained the better results if we had used this method in combination with X-ray analyses. 9. If the equipment of the laboratory hadn’t been so primitive and old we would have already finished the project. 10. The work would have been done much better if the students had prepared for it properly. 11. They would have responded to our request in time if they had known about it.

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APPENDIX A

Английский алфавит

Знаки транскрипции

457

Правила чтения

458

APPENDIX B

Основные способы словообразования

Аффиксация (суффиксация и префиксация)

Основные суффиксы существительных

459

Основные суффиксы прилагательных

Основные суффиксы глаголов

460

Префиксы с отрицательным значением

461

Префиксы с разными значениями

462