Absolute Participle I Construction

1. Data being accessed randomly, semiconductor memories are called random access memory (RAM). 2. The information capacity of a single bit being limited to two alternatives, codes are based on combination of bits. 3. Primary storage having similarity to a function of the human brain, the storage is also called memory. 4. Computer system architecture being organized around the primary storage unit, all instructions must pass through it. 5. Electromechanical memories depend upon moving mechanical parts, their data access time being longer than is that of electronic memories. 6. For this reason most computer systems use electronic memory for primary storage, electromechanical memory being used for secondary storage. 7. A new technique having been worked out, the yields rose. 8. The steam engine having been invented 1825, a self-propelled vehicle was built. 9. These data must be taken into account, the effect of interconnections being by no means negligible.

10.Brakes having become more efficient, cars achieved greater reliability.

11.Some new devices having been obtained, the researches could make more complex experiment. 12. It being late, we decided to stop the experiment.

13.The program having been written, the students had to attend some extra lectures. 14. The important decision having been made, the head of the company had to refuse some new ideas. 15. No new information being received, I am asked to cancel the meeting.

Participle II

Functions

1. Data recorded in the form of magnetized dots can be arranged to represent coded patterns of bits. 2. The essential point of this talk is to give a unified treatment of seemingly unrelated data cited above. 3. The evidence presented points to the possible existence of a common mechanism for these changes. 4. A theoretical treatment of the problem concerned keeps in line with the main purpose of this paper. 5. Within the accuracy of the data described these rules are strikingly well satisfied. 6. For want of a better analogy we shall turn to the one given in the earlier paper. 7. The fundamental point of our approach is to use profitably the knowledge gained during the past two years. 8. The time required for the computer to locate and transfer data to and from a storage medium is called the access time. 9. The scientist chooses between several procedures mentioned above. 10. Much of the data collected will be fed into machines and computers during the coming months.

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Complex Object

1. I found my article published in the scientific journal. 2. We don’t want the conference held in the state University. 3. The leading engineer of our company wishes his device exhibited at the exhibition of modern scientific applications. 4. My group-mates feel the last exam been the most difficult. 5. The head of the financial company wants the business meeting taken place in time. 6. Our English teacher noticed one test written by the student from another group. 7. I have heard some prices on computer equipment gone down sufficiently. 8. All the members of the delegation want to have the contract signed. 9. He found his e-mail read by somebody else. 10. The secretary observed some letters corrected and but not sent.

Absolute Participle II Construction

1. The article written, he could take part at the conference. 2. The device tested, we used it to make some important calculations. 3. The questions asked, the students started translating the article without a dictionary. 4. The themes of the course projects given, we went to the library. 5. The choice made, all the other variants were rejected. 6. The equipment installed in the laboratory, the members of the delegation signed the documents. 7. The model reconstructed, we had to change the experiment conditions. 8. The new method discussed, the engineers decided to continue the project later. 9. The difficulties recognized, the authorities of the faculty changed some points of the academic plan. 10. The task properly carried out, they were given a new one. 11. The conference held in Moscow, we discussed a number of important scientific problems at the meeting of our faculty.

GERUND

Functions

1. This warning will keep us from making the same mistake. 2. Some of our failures result from underestimating the importance of theory in research. 3. The best way of approaching this knotty problem is to treat it in terms of the newest data. 4. The problem of introducing this principle in research brings about much difficulty. 5. In his report he emphasized the complexity of producing these materials in sufficient quantities. 6. In his talk he drew our attention to the simplicity of performing such observations. 7. We are having a lot of difficulty in trying to avoid these complications. 8. The procedure of

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awarding scientific degrees has been much criticized lately. 9. The question of financing this work brought about a spirited discussion. 10. I have the honour of being present at a meeting of scientists who have made substantial contributions to the ever developing area of magnetism. 11. The idea of looking for a compromise solution to this problem has been much debated in literature. 12. One should avoid giving too general definitions of these phenomena. 13. Lack of active contacts among scientists results in duplicating some investigations. 14. This approach consists in practicing sentence structures. 15. I think you should keep on practicing the exercises at home. 16. Excuse my being late in answering your letter. 17. I can see that you have made good progress in studying this problem. 18. I look forward to seeing you at the conference next year. 19. New technical developments have occurred for processing educational data and for organizing instructional material in the classroom.

Gerund Construction

1. They insisted on my staying here till tomorrow. 2. My Physics teacher insisted on my passing the exam together with other students. 3. I feel satisfied of our having taken part in the main scientific contest of the year. 4. We have known of his having won the President Grant. 5. He approved of my writing a description of the experiment results. 6. Everybody has heard of Professor Smith’s retiring. 7. The dean of the faculty didn’t mind the competition with the other faculties being announced. 8. Nobody knew of his moving to another country. 9. There is no possibility of his entering the university next year. 10. I know of his having been offered the post of the director of the big financial company. 11. All the students insisted on the results of the test being commented.

INFINITIVE

Functions

1. Lasers to be placed on Earth satellites will transform solar radiation into laser beams. 2. To design, construct and operate a laser system is a great technological achievement. 3. To illustrate the use of the technique described in this article two examples are now presented. 4. The instruction is loaded from memory and then decoded to provide the control signals necessary for the processor to execute the instruction. 5. The apparatus to be assembled is very complicated. 6. He asked the student to define the unit of resistance more accurately. 7. Equipment must be analyzed to determine the kinds of

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equipment needed and how the data processing functions will be mechanized. 8. The system should be designed to meet information requirements. 9. The problem to be investigated is set up from the electronic analogue computer model. 10. A linear differential equation results from the assumptions to be made. 11. The literature to be reviewed in connection with this problem should primarily be concerned with theoretical treatments of the electron transfer phenomena. 12. The difficulties to be resolved in the first place concern the theoretical aspects of the experiments to be carried out. 13. The attempts to explain the deviation of the experimental findings from calculations to be found in current literature have been inadequate. 14. For lack of time many of the important contributions to be considered in this connection will only be mentioned in passing. 15. The best experimental evidence for the correlation to be considered later in more detail comes from the recent work by Hiller and his collaborators. 16. The data to be reported here point to the possibility of a feedback mechanism, but this is to be checked. 17. A committee headed by Professor Bright began to work out a resolution to be presented to the conference.

Complex Subject

1. A computer centre is expected to be installed at the University next year. 2. Improvements in decision making are expected to result from new development in data processing and management science. 3. Business application of computers may not appear to be as difficult as scientific problems, although some people consider them to be more intricate. 4. More limitations are likely to exist on the freedom to change the input and output, that on the freedom to modify processing methods. 5. We expect a computer to work for at least several hours without a fault. 6. A machine which carried out its internal arithmetic in binary notation is likely to be especially suitable for scientific and mathematical applications.7. The result of a computation is said to involve error if the result differs by only a small percentage from the solution. 8. This idea has recently been reported to contradict experimental findings. 9. These experiments are likely to throw some light on this complicated problem. 10. Some time ago these phenomena were found to be intimately related to solar activity. 11. This idea has recently been reported to contradict experimental findings. 12. This hypothesis has been found to disagree with experimental evidence. 13. The relativity theory appeared to be a turning point in physical thinking. 14. Lasers have proved to be indispensable in many fields of research. 15. Electronic equipment is likely to find an over growing applications.

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