- •Unit 1 computer users
- •Using Computers
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 1
- •Text 1a. Computer users
- •Table a Table b
- •The digital age
- •Text 1b. Computers make the world smaller and smarter
- •Grammar review present forms
- •Verbs usually not used in any of the progressive tenses
- •Grammar Exercises
- •The Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
- •Writing
- •Unit 2 computer architecture
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 2
- •Text 2a. Computer architecture
- •Text 2b. Cache memory
- •How a disk cache works
- •Grammar review. Past forms
- •The present perfect and past simple
- •The present perfect continuous and present perfect
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Speaking/writing
- •Unit 3 peripherals
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 3
- •Advantage
- •Text a. Peripherals
- •Post-reading activity
- •Specialist reading
- •Text b. Types of Printers
- •Grammar review future forms
- •It is interesting to know:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect or the Futures Simple.
- •Exercise 11. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect.
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 4
- •Appliance
- •Relevance
- •Text 4a. Personal computers
- •Specialist reading
- •Text 4b.Data mining
- •Grammar review. The passive voice
- •Table of passive voice
- •Active and passive voice (compare) Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •The Prepositions
- •Grammar Exercises prepositions
- •Prepositions of location:
- •In used to show location or destination in an area:
- •Intended goal/target
- •In is used for
- •Other common prepositions with multiple meaning
- •Writing/speaking Think about advantages and disadvantages of using a desktop computer, a laptop and a palm computer. Compare them.
- •Unit 5 operating system
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 5
- •Environment
- •Search engine
- •Text 5a. Operating systems
- •Operating Systems: Hidden Software
- •General Features of Operating Systems
- •Vms: help, directory, search, copy, rename, print, show users, show time, create/directory, phone, delete Unix: write, cp, lpr, Is, mkdir, date, rm, man, grep, rwho, mv
- •Text 5b. Linux
- •Grammar review reported speech The sequence of tenses in the subordinate clauses:
- •The sequence of tenses is:
- •Modal verbs changes
- •Indirect speech for exclamatory and imperative sentences.
- •Indirect speech of imperative sentence
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Speaking/writing
- •Unit 6 graphical user interface
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 6
- •To perform
- •Text 6a. The graphical user interface
- •Post-reading Exercises
- •Text b. Interface with menus
- •Grammar review nouns
- •Plural of countable nouns
- •Irregular plurals
- •Plural forms
- •The possessive case
- •Nouns determiners
- •Grammar exercises Nouns
- •Some, any, much, many, a lot, few, a few, little, a little
- •Articles Revision of the Use of the Articles (in tables) Classification of Nouns
- •Functions of the Indefinite Article
- •Don’t confuse the articles in the generic function
- •The use of articles with names of people
- •The use of articles with other proper names
- •Numerals
- •Fractional numerals Common Fractions
- •Decimal Fractions
- •Extra information
- •Exercises
- •Writing
- •Unit 7 applications programs
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 7
- •Spreadsheet
- •Word processor Text 7a. Applications programs
- •Post-reading Activity
- •Text 7b. Application service providers
- •Listening and speaking
- •Vocabulary Bank. Interview. Former student
- •Environment
- •To upload
- •Exercises
- •Grammar review
- •First conditional
- •Second conditional
- •If I were you…
- •Oral Activity
- •Third conditional
- •Making a wish
- •Grammar revision
- •Writing
- •Unit 8 multimedia
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 8
- •Animation
- •Text 8a. Multimedia
- •Post-reading activity
- •Text 8b. New applications of the computer
- •Videodisc
- •Digital Video
- •Multimedia Authoring Systems
- •Virtual Reality
- •Grammar review. Adjectives. Adverbs. Pronouns.
- •The Adverb
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Pronouns
- •Writing
- •Unit 9 data processing
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 9
- •Equipment
- •Text a. Data processing and data processing systems
- •Basic data processing operations
- •Data storage hierarchy
- •Text 9b. Word processing facilities start up
- •Advantages of computer data processing
- •Grammar review The Modal Verbs (mv) can/could
- •May/might
- •To have (got) to
- •Should/ought to
- •Will/would
- •Grammar exercises
- •In brackets.
- •May/might/be allowed to
- •Must/have to/need
- •Mustn’t - needn’t - don’t have to
- •Should/ought to
- •Revision exercises
- •Unit 10
- •Internet and lan technology
- •Text 10a. The internet
- •Text 10 b. The language of e-mail
- •Grammar review the verbals The forms of the Verbals or the non-finite forms of the verb
- •The Infinitive
- •Infinitive without to
- •Complex object
- •See someone do and see someone doing
- •Personal/impresonal construction (the complex subject)
- •The gerund
- •Have something done
- •Writing/speaking task
- •Unit 11 networks
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 11
- •Text 11 a. Computer networks
- •Text 11 b. Network Communications
- •Grammar review questions
- •1. General questions
- •2. Special questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Yes/No Questions (General Questions)
- •Exercise 3. Quiz champion Claude Jennings is answering questions. Put in these words and phrases: How Far, How Long, How Often, How Many, What, What Colour, What Kind, When, Where, Who
- •Subject/Object Questions
- •Prepositions in Wh-questions
- •Exercise 5. Put in the question. Use What? and put the preposition in brackets at the end.
- •Negative Questions
- •Exercise 9. Complete the conversations using the words in brackets.
- •Question Tags (Disjunctive Questions)
- •Exercise 12. Complete the conversation. Put in tags.
- •Earthquakes
- •Grammar revision
- •Writing
- •Unit 12 the world wide web
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 12
- •Text 12 a. The world wide web
- •Viruses are something to worry about, but not a lot. A little common sense and the occasional virus-scan will keep you virus-free.
- •Speaking
- •Censorship on the Web
- •What do you think?
- •Grammar revision
- •Writing Projects. Perform the project given
- •Unit 13 programming languages
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 13
- •Text 13a. Types of programming languages
- •Machine Languages
- •Assembly Languages
- •Procedural Languages
- •Natural languages
- •Verb Prefix Meaning Example
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 14
- •Most Common Suffixes
- •Why Learn Suffixes?
- •Interviewer / trainer / employer / interviewee / trainee / employee
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 15
- •Introductory reading
- •In the following list, the two-word forms (shown first) are still more common, but the one-word forms are starting to take hold.
- •In the following list, the one-word forms (shown first) are more common, but the spaced or hyphenated forms are still being used.
- •In the following list, the hyphenated forms (shown first) are more common, but the solid or spaced forms (if given) are used in materials aimed at industry insiders.
- •Variables and the Declaration Statement
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 16
- •Isc2 cissp
- •Unit 17 web design
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 17
- •1. Bad Search
- •2. Pdf Files for Online Reading
- •3. Not Changing the Color of Visited Links
- •5. Fixed Font Size
- •6. Page Titles With Low Search Engine Visibility
- •7. Anything That Looks Like an Advertisement
- •8. Violating Design Conventions
- •9. Opening New Browser Windows
- •10. Not Answering Users' Questions
- •11. Discourse markers: softening and correcting
- •Interview: Website Designer
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 18
- •Store / hold / input / control / convert / process / provide (x2)/ speed up
- •5. Cache … (5) … extremely fast access for sections of a program and its data.
- •Imagine that you are to make a report on the following topics. While preparing it use the main information from the text.
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 19
- •Virus protection
- •Internet crime
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 20
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 21
- •Information systems analysis and design
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 22
- •If X, then y
- •Virtual reality
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 23
- •Appropriate
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 24
Pronouns
The pronoun is a part of speech which points out objects and their qualities without naming them. |
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Semantic classification |
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Personal |
We use object forms in such sentences: Who’s that? ~It’s me/us/them. ‘IT’: * in ‘cleft sentences’: It was Peter who drove us home.(not Paul) It was they/them who asked. * when an infinitive is a subject of a sentence: It is easy to criticize. It is better to be easy. * as a subject for impersonal verbs: it seems, it appears, it looks, it happens
Note!
The
coffee is too hot to drink |
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Possessive |
- possessive pronouns can replace possessive adjectives: possessive adjectives+nouns (my, your, his, her, its, our, their ;This is my room). Possessive pronouns (yours, mine, his, hers, ours, theirs ; This room is mine). of mine = one of my: a friend of mine = one of my friends
|
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Reflexive |
I got up, washed, dressed and went to school. BUT! When the action is difficult (for children or disabled) reflexive pronouns are used: Oh, look! Nicky has just dressed himself!
-
after
a preposition of place we use me,
you, him, her:
In
the mirror I saw a lorry behind
me.
(NOT
to enjoy oneself; to teach oneself ;to find oneself; Help yourself to something! Make yourself at home! to turn itself on /off Note: He behaved badly. BUT Behave yourself! |
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Emphatic |
Patterns: I grew these vegetables myself. The house itself is small, but the garden is enormous. I’m not myself today. You told me about it yourself! |
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Reciprocal |
A pattern: When we went on holiday, we sent a lot of postcards to each other / one another. |
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Demonstrative |
this/these |
that/those |
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these days → nowadays, now; this evening → tonight |
on the phone: Who’s that? |
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Interrogative |
In formal English we use preposition + whom: With whom did you go? In spoken English we usually move the preposition to the end of the sentence, with whom changing to who: Who did you go with? |
In formal English we use preposition + which/what: To which address did you send it? In spoken English we move the preposition to the end of the sentence: Which address did you send it to? |
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which |
what |
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Which size do you want – small, medium or large? |
What is your shoe size? |
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Which
of
you knows the answer? (NOT |
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what & how in questions about measurements |
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what |
how |
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What makes that noise?
What was the exam like? ~It was very difficult.
What does she look like? ~She’s tall and glamorous.
What is his father? ~He is a tailor.
NOTE!
What
is
it called? (NOT
What was the trip like? → |
How did you get on in the exam? ~Quite well, I hope! We ask questions with ‘how’ for:
How do you do? answered by How do you do?
How was the trip? |
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Relative |
Subject Object Possessive For persons who, that whom (very form al) / that (who / - ) whose For things which, that which, that whose / of which (all / everybody/everyone/ no one + that) |
Examples 1. The man who robbed you has been arrested. 2. Everyone who/that knew him liked him. 3. The man whom I saw told me to come back OR The man who/that I saw… OR The man I saw… 4. The man to whom I spoke was 30. (formal) The man (that/who/whom) I spoke to was 30. (inf.) 5. The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him. |
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Defining |
All or every? All = a number of people or things considered as a group Every = a number of people or things considered individually |
Both = one and the other Both+plural verbs: Both doors were open. Both of + us/you/them: Both of us knew him. Both … and … – как … так и …; и… и He both acts and directs. |
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Each or every? - each = a number of persons or things considered individually Each man had a weapon = the speaker went to each man and checked that he had a weapon. - every has the same meaning but there is less emphasis on individual. Every man had a weapon = the speaker counted the men & the weapons & he had the same number of each. - every is used with nouns in the meaning of total, complete (chance, hope, reason, sympathy, right, confidence) You have every right to be here. – Ти маєш повне право тут бути.. - each is used when we have the choice from two things only! There were tears streaming down each side of her face. Each + of these/those, the of can’t be omitted; each of you = you each |
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-
everyone/everybody + singular verb: Everyone
is
ready
(NOT
-
everything
+ singular verb: Everything
has
been
wasted
(NOT Note! The expressions all (the people), all (the) things are possible when followed by a noun, pronoun or a clause:
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We use whole most often with singular countable nouns; we use all most often with uncountable & plural nouns: a whole concert – all the music; a whole plate – all the food We use the whole of before the names of places: the whole of Europe. Note! The whole night BUT all the night/day/time/life. Patterns: Tell me all about it. They left me all alone. That’s all. |
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Other(s) & Another |
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When other is used before a plural noun, it doesn’t have –s. When other is used without a noun, it has –s in the plural. Tell the other people. Tell the others. |
- we can use another to mean ‘one more’. But with uncountables & plurals, we generally use other to mean ‘more’: Have another potato. Have some more meat. - another + few, another + a number with a plural noun. Let’s wait another few minutes = ще декілька хвилин |
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Negative |
Neither/Either |
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- neither = not one and not the other; + an affirmative singular verb: I’ve read neither of these books. - either = any of two; + an affirmative singular verb: Would you like either of these? - either + negative verb can replace neither + affirmative: I haven’t read either of these books. - neither… nor + affirmative verb is an emphatic way of combining two negatives: He neither wrote nor phoned. - either… or is used to express alternatives emphatically: You can have either tea or fruit juice. (not both) Note! Either/neither = the choice from two things/people: Neither of his parents knew what he had done.
None
of you –
ніхто
з вас
(NOT |
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Indefinite |
SOME is used: |
ANY is used: |
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- with affirmative verbs: They bought some honey. - in questions where the answer ‘yes’ is expected: Did some of you sleep on the floor? (I expect so). - in offers & requests: Would you like some wine? - some = unknown: Some idiot broke my window! |
- with negative verbs: I haven’t got any matches. - with hardly, barely, scarcely (which are almost negatives): I hardly have any spare time.
He crossed the frontier without any difficulty.
Have you got any money? - after if/whether & in expressions of doubt: If you need any more money, please let me know. - in imperative sentences: Take any book you like. |
whoever, whichever, whatever, whenever, wherever, however |
Patterns: I will win whatever happens. However rich you are you can’t buy happiness. Whichever of you broke the window will have to pay for it. I’ll find him, wherever he has gone. (= no matter where he has gone) |
Exercise 10. Fill in the gaps with the correct subject or object pronoun.
Do your brothers play football?
Yes, they play ______ all the time. ______ think ______’s a brilliant game.
Does Susan eat chocolate?
Yes, ______eats ______ all the time. ______. Says______ ’s her favourite food.
Do your parents know Mr. Jones?
Yes, ______know ______ very well. ______lives next door to ______ .
Does Clare like David?
No, ______doesn’t like ______ very much. ______says______’s too noisy.
Do you listen to rock music?
Yes, ______ listen to ______ all the time. ______ think ______’s fantastic.
Does Tony enjoy fishing?
Oh, yes. ______ enjoys ______ very much. ______ says ______ relaxes him.
Exercise 11. Fill in the correct possessive adjective or pronoun.
Have you met your new neighbours yet?
No. I’ve seen ______ children in the garden, though.
You took ______ coat home last night.
I know, I’m sorry. I thought it was ______ because they are both black.
What’s wrong with Rosie?
Oh, she’s been having problems with ______ back recently.
James is doing well at school.
I know. ______teacher says he’s very advanced for his age.
Is this bag ______ ?
Oh, yes, thank you. I nearly forgot it.
Julie and Frank are so lucky. ______. house is beautiful.
Yes, and it’s so much bigger than ______ . I envy them.
I like ______ shirt. It’s like Sandra’s.
Actually, it is______ . I borrowed it from her yesterday.
Why did you lend Tom ______ car?
Because ______ is being repaired at the moment.
Exercise 12. Fill in its or it’s.
The car is nice to drive, but I don’t like its colour.
This town is wonderful. ______Got lots of shops!
I’m staying at home today because ______ cold outside.
Let’s go in here. ______my favourite restaurant.
A bird has built ______ nest in our garden.
The company I work for has changed ______ name.
Exercise 13. Fill in the gaps with of where necessary, and my, your, etc. own.
John doesn’t live with his parents any more. He’s got a flat of his own.
She doesn’t travel by bus any more because she’s got ______ car.
I don’t need to borrow your umbrella. I’ve got one______. .
Haven’t you got ______ pen? You’re always borrowing mine.
My job includes doing research in ______ time.
Sam is tired of using his friend’s computer, so he is going to buy one______.
The couple moved into ______ house after they got married.
Exercise 14. Fill in the gaps with the correct reflexive pronoun.
The girl has hurt herself.
He put the fire out by ______.
She is looking at ______ in the mirror.
They are serving ______.
He cooked the food by ______.
They bought this house for ______.
They are enjoying ______.
He introduced ______.
Did you buy that bag for your sister?
No, I bought it for ______.
Did Susan paint that picture for Lee?
No, she painted it for ______.
Exercise 15. Fill in the gaps with both, all, neither, either or none.
Dear Beth,
Thank you for your letter. It was good to hear 1) all your news. I get lots of letters, but 2) __________ of them cheer me up as much as yours.
Bill and I are 3) __________ very tired at the moment. He’s very busy because he’s been promoted to manager of his firm. I’ve started a new job, so I don’t have much spare time, 4) ___________. I love my job and 5) __________ of people I work with are friendly, but the long hours seem to take up 6) __________ of my energy.
My parents are coming to visit us tomorrow. 7) __________ of them have seen the new house yet, so I’ll have to show them 8) __________ around. Bill has decorated the 9) __________ of the rooms, so 10) __________ of them looks the way they did when we moved in. I hope 11) __________ you and Toby will be able to visit us again soon, then you can see 12) __________ the changes.
Write soon. I’m looking forward to 13) __________hearing from you or seeing you soon.
With love,
Jane
Exercise 16. Rewrite the sentences using both….and, neither …. nor or either …. or.
John hasn’t got any money. Paul hasn’t got any, either.
Neither John nor Paul has got any money.
Marion likes swimming. Linda likes swimming, too.
____________________________________________________________________________
Carol doesn’t go to the gym. Anne doesn’t, either.
____________________________________________________________________________
Fiona has got curly hair. Angela has got curly hair, too.
____________________________________________________________________________
John will go to the shop, or else I will.
____________________________________________________________________________
Claire is going to pick the children up, or else Simon is going to.
____________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 17. Fill in the gaps with the correct pronoun.
This food is wonderful.
Yes, but don’t eat so fast. You’ll make yourself ill.
What shall we do tonight?
Well, Caroline has invited ______ to her house. Shall ______ go?
Is that Mary and Alex’s car?
No, ______ is blue.
Is that bird alright?
No. I think ______ wing is broken.
Is that you sister new leather jacket?
Yes. And those black leather trousers are______, too.
Should I leave my job?
Well, the decision is ______, but I wouldn’t advise it.
Has Adam gone out?
Yes. I told ______ not to come home late.
Is this David’s jacket?
No, it’s ______. I bought it yesterday.
Exercise 18. Translate the sentences.
1. Ми записали номери телефонів один одного.
2. Ти поранився? –- Так, я порізався.
3. Нам потрібна ціла хлібина, щоб зробити сендвічі для всіх.
4. Кожного з нас оглянув лікар.
5. Мені не подобається жодна з цих картин.
6. Ніхто з моїх друзів не дзвонить мені більше.
7. Хто з вас говорить німецькою? –- Марія.
8. Який твій? –- Той.
9. Я сам навчився грати на гітарі, у мене ніколи не було занять.
10. Усі написали тест, чи ні?