- •Unit 1 computer users
- •Using Computers
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 1
- •Text 1a. Computer users
- •Table a Table b
- •The digital age
- •Text 1b. Computers make the world smaller and smarter
- •Grammar review present forms
- •Verbs usually not used in any of the progressive tenses
- •Grammar Exercises
- •The Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
- •Writing
- •Unit 2 computer architecture
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 2
- •Text 2a. Computer architecture
- •Text 2b. Cache memory
- •How a disk cache works
- •Grammar review. Past forms
- •The present perfect and past simple
- •The present perfect continuous and present perfect
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Speaking/writing
- •Unit 3 peripherals
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 3
- •Advantage
- •Text a. Peripherals
- •Post-reading activity
- •Specialist reading
- •Text b. Types of Printers
- •Grammar review future forms
- •It is interesting to know:
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect or the Futures Simple.
- •Exercise 11. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous or the Future Perfect.
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 4
- •Appliance
- •Relevance
- •Text 4a. Personal computers
- •Specialist reading
- •Text 4b.Data mining
- •Grammar review. The passive voice
- •Table of passive voice
- •Active and passive voice (compare) Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •The Prepositions
- •Grammar Exercises prepositions
- •Prepositions of location:
- •In used to show location or destination in an area:
- •Intended goal/target
- •In is used for
- •Other common prepositions with multiple meaning
- •Writing/speaking Think about advantages and disadvantages of using a desktop computer, a laptop and a palm computer. Compare them.
- •Unit 5 operating system
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 5
- •Environment
- •Search engine
- •Text 5a. Operating systems
- •Operating Systems: Hidden Software
- •General Features of Operating Systems
- •Vms: help, directory, search, copy, rename, print, show users, show time, create/directory, phone, delete Unix: write, cp, lpr, Is, mkdir, date, rm, man, grep, rwho, mv
- •Text 5b. Linux
- •Grammar review reported speech The sequence of tenses in the subordinate clauses:
- •The sequence of tenses is:
- •Modal verbs changes
- •Indirect speech for exclamatory and imperative sentences.
- •Indirect speech of imperative sentence
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Speaking/writing
- •Unit 6 graphical user interface
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 6
- •To perform
- •Text 6a. The graphical user interface
- •Post-reading Exercises
- •Text b. Interface with menus
- •Grammar review nouns
- •Plural of countable nouns
- •Irregular plurals
- •Plural forms
- •The possessive case
- •Nouns determiners
- •Grammar exercises Nouns
- •Some, any, much, many, a lot, few, a few, little, a little
- •Articles Revision of the Use of the Articles (in tables) Classification of Nouns
- •Functions of the Indefinite Article
- •Don’t confuse the articles in the generic function
- •The use of articles with names of people
- •The use of articles with other proper names
- •Numerals
- •Fractional numerals Common Fractions
- •Decimal Fractions
- •Extra information
- •Exercises
- •Writing
- •Unit 7 applications programs
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 7
- •Spreadsheet
- •Word processor Text 7a. Applications programs
- •Post-reading Activity
- •Text 7b. Application service providers
- •Listening and speaking
- •Vocabulary Bank. Interview. Former student
- •Environment
- •To upload
- •Exercises
- •Grammar review
- •First conditional
- •Second conditional
- •If I were you…
- •Oral Activity
- •Third conditional
- •Making a wish
- •Grammar revision
- •Writing
- •Unit 8 multimedia
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 8
- •Animation
- •Text 8a. Multimedia
- •Post-reading activity
- •Text 8b. New applications of the computer
- •Videodisc
- •Digital Video
- •Multimedia Authoring Systems
- •Virtual Reality
- •Grammar review. Adjectives. Adverbs. Pronouns.
- •The Adverb
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Pronouns
- •Writing
- •Unit 9 data processing
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 9
- •Equipment
- •Text a. Data processing and data processing systems
- •Basic data processing operations
- •Data storage hierarchy
- •Text 9b. Word processing facilities start up
- •Advantages of computer data processing
- •Grammar review The Modal Verbs (mv) can/could
- •May/might
- •To have (got) to
- •Should/ought to
- •Will/would
- •Grammar exercises
- •In brackets.
- •May/might/be allowed to
- •Must/have to/need
- •Mustn’t - needn’t - don’t have to
- •Should/ought to
- •Revision exercises
- •Unit 10
- •Internet and lan technology
- •Text 10a. The internet
- •Text 10 b. The language of e-mail
- •Grammar review the verbals The forms of the Verbals or the non-finite forms of the verb
- •The Infinitive
- •Infinitive without to
- •Complex object
- •See someone do and see someone doing
- •Personal/impresonal construction (the complex subject)
- •The gerund
- •Have something done
- •Writing/speaking task
- •Unit 11 networks
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 11
- •Text 11 a. Computer networks
- •Text 11 b. Network Communications
- •Grammar review questions
- •1. General questions
- •2. Special questions
- •3. Alternative questions
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Yes/No Questions (General Questions)
- •Exercise 3. Quiz champion Claude Jennings is answering questions. Put in these words and phrases: How Far, How Long, How Often, How Many, What, What Colour, What Kind, When, Where, Who
- •Subject/Object Questions
- •Prepositions in Wh-questions
- •Exercise 5. Put in the question. Use What? and put the preposition in brackets at the end.
- •Negative Questions
- •Exercise 9. Complete the conversations using the words in brackets.
- •Question Tags (Disjunctive Questions)
- •Exercise 12. Complete the conversation. Put in tags.
- •Earthquakes
- •Grammar revision
- •Writing
- •Unit 12 the world wide web
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 12
- •Text 12 a. The world wide web
- •Viruses are something to worry about, but not a lot. A little common sense and the occasional virus-scan will keep you virus-free.
- •Speaking
- •Censorship on the Web
- •What do you think?
- •Grammar revision
- •Writing Projects. Perform the project given
- •Unit 13 programming languages
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 13
- •Text 13a. Types of programming languages
- •Machine Languages
- •Assembly Languages
- •Procedural Languages
- •Natural languages
- •Verb Prefix Meaning Example
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 14
- •Most Common Suffixes
- •Why Learn Suffixes?
- •Interviewer / trainer / employer / interviewee / trainee / employee
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 15
- •Introductory reading
- •In the following list, the two-word forms (shown first) are still more common, but the one-word forms are starting to take hold.
- •In the following list, the one-word forms (shown first) are more common, but the spaced or hyphenated forms are still being used.
- •In the following list, the hyphenated forms (shown first) are more common, but the solid or spaced forms (if given) are used in materials aimed at industry insiders.
- •Variables and the Declaration Statement
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 16
- •Isc2 cissp
- •Unit 17 web design
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 17
- •1. Bad Search
- •2. Pdf Files for Online Reading
- •3. Not Changing the Color of Visited Links
- •5. Fixed Font Size
- •6. Page Titles With Low Search Engine Visibility
- •7. Anything That Looks Like an Advertisement
- •8. Violating Design Conventions
- •9. Opening New Browser Windows
- •10. Not Answering Users' Questions
- •11. Discourse markers: softening and correcting
- •Interview: Website Designer
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 18
- •Store / hold / input / control / convert / process / provide (x2)/ speed up
- •5. Cache … (5) … extremely fast access for sections of a program and its data.
- •Imagine that you are to make a report on the following topics. While preparing it use the main information from the text.
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 19
- •Virus protection
- •Internet crime
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 20
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 21
- •Information systems analysis and design
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 22
- •If X, then y
- •Virtual reality
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 23
- •Appropriate
- •Vocabulary Bank Unit 24
Unit 8 multimedia
Vocabulary Bank Unit 8
Task 1. Read, write the translation and learn the basic vocabulary terms:
Animation
audio and video compression
audio file format
car dashboard
compilation
compress (v)
control features
data transfer rate
digital audio
discrete code
DVD (digital versatile disk)
encoder
equalizer
frequency display
graphic equalizer
interchangeable faceplates
jukebox
key difference
Kilohertz
Megabytes
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
mixing desk
MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3)
MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group)
multimedia
music library
music synthesisers
musical genres
optical storage media
play lists
randomize
randomize the selection
recorder
reproduce
rip/extract (v)
route the signals
ripper
sample (v, n)
skin (n)
song’s lyrics
sound sample
speakers
spectrum analyzer
standalone players
strip (v)
strip out sounds
tag
track info button
Text 8a. Multimedia
Multimedia is the term used to refer to a combination of text, graphics, animation, sound and video.
MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3) is a standard way of storing compressed, digital audio files (usually music). The name MP3 comes from MPEG (pronounced EM-peg), which stands for the Motion Picture Experts Group, an organisation that develops standards for audio and video compression. MP3 is actually MPEG Audio Layer 3.
MP3 competes with another audio file format called WAV. The key difference is that MP3 files are much smaller than WAV files. An MP3 file can store a minute of sound per megabyte, while a WAV file needs 11 or 12 megabytes to hold the same amount. How does MP3 achieve this compression? CDs and audio files don't reproduce every sound of a performance. Instead, they sample the performance and store a discrete code for each sampled note. A CD or WAV file may sample a song 44,000 times a second, creating a huge mass of information.
By stripping out sounds most people can't hear, MP3 significantly reduces the information stored. For instance, most people can't hear notes above a frequency of 16kHz, so it eliminates them from the mix. Similarly, it eliminates quiet sounds masked by noise at the same frequency. The result is a file that sounds very similar to a CD, but which is much smaller. An MP3 file can contain spoken word performances, such as radio shows or audio books, as well as music. It can provide information about itself in a coded block called a tag. The tag may include the performer's name, a graphic such as an album cover, the song's lyrics, the musical genre, and a URL for more details.
Digital audio is created by sampling sound 44,000 times a second and storing a code number to represent each sound sample. The files are compressed by removing any sounds that are inaudible to the human ear, making them much smaller than files created using other digital audio storage standards, such as WAV. The size of an audio file is commonly measured in megabytes (MB) (millions of bytes). The frequency of a sound is measured in kilohertz (kHz) (thousands of cycles per second). MP3 files have extra code added, called tags, that give the user information about the file e.g. the performer's name, a URL (uniform resource locator i.e. a web address) or a graphic such as an album cover.
Because of their small size, MP3 files are more suitable for transferring across the Internet (the connection of computer networks across the world). Some Internet websites (sets of related pages stored on a Web server on the World Wide Web) are devoted to providing MP3 files for downloading (copying from a server computer to a client computer). The user can create their own music compilations (combinations of files) by listening to each file using a computer program, such as Windows Media Player, and choosing what files to download, They can then use a computer program called an MP3 player to listen to the files and control the sound. MP3 players let the user group songs into play lists and randomize the selections. They also have sound control features such as spectrum analyzers, graphic equalizers, and frequency displays.
A track info button allows the user to see the information stored in the MP3 file tag. Other buttons may take you to a music library where you can organize your MP3 files by performer or genre. The appearance of MP3 players can be changed using programs called skins (or themes). These programs are designed to change the appearance of the most popular players. MP3 players often include a program, called a ripper, that lets the user rip (extract) a song from a CD (compact disk) and convert it to a standard WAV file. Another program called an encoder is used to convert WAV files into MP3 files or vice versa.
Recorder programs are also available that enable the user to create audio CDs using a writable CD-ROM drive. Special MP3 player devices are also available that enable the user to listen to MP3 files without a computer.
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a standard way of connecting musical instruments, music synthesizers, and computers. A piece of electronics called a MIDI interface board is installed on each device to enable the device to communicate using MIDI standards. As music is being played, it can be displayed on a monitor screen as a musical score, then edited using a computer program that uses all the features of a mixing desk (an electronic device for mixing sounds together), stored and printed. MIDI systems do not store the actual sound. Instead the sound is encoded (stored as MIDI messages) in the form of 8-bit bytes (units of capacity equal to eight binary digits i.e. 1s and 0s) of digital information. A bit is a binary digit i.e. a 1 or a 0, and a byte is a group of 8 bits. The MIDI messages commonly consist of instructions that tell the receiving instrument what note to play, how long and how loud it should be played, including a number that indicates which instrument to play. Each instrument is represented by a different number e.g. 67 is a saxophone.
A DVD-ROM, commonly referred to as a DVD (digital versatile disk - previously known as digital video disk), is a development of CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory). It is an optical storage medium (a storage medium that uses laser light to store data) that provides large amounts of storage space for multimedia files. A DVD-ROM drive (a storage device for reading DVD disks) uses blue laser light (rather than the red laser light used by CD-ROM drives) to read information from the disk. Both sides of the disk can be used for storing files and each side can have two separate storage layers. The data transfer rate of a DVD (the speed at which data can be read from a DVD) is also faster than that of a CD-ROM. The capacity of a DVD is commonly measured in gigabytes (GB) (thousands of millions of bytes).