- •English for Telecommunications and Radio Technologies in Rail Transport
- •Merger (n) – объединение
- •Read the text and make a summary: telecommunications
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Grammar Focus – noun chains (n-n-n…- n) (1)
- •Practise translating noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Unit 2 telecommunications resources
- •Read the text below and make a summary: telecommunications resources
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words in the box:
- •Grammar Focus – noun chains (n-n-n…- n) (2)
- •Practise translating noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Unit 3 radio communication
- •Radio Communication (1)
- •4. Make two questions to each paragraph of the text and ask you partner to answer them.
- •5. Make the verbs from the nouns:
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Match the words with their definitions:
- •Grammar Focus
- •Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Ving forms:
- •9. Read and translate the text «Radio Communication» Part 2, then put the paragraphs in the correct order: Radio Communication (2)
- •10. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •The properties of electromagnetic waves
- •1. Discuss the general knowledge questions connected with the topic of the unit:
- •2. Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read the first part of the text «Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» and translate it using the words from exercise 2. The properties of electromagnetic waves
- •Make questions to the text. The first word and the answer are given for you:
- •Read the second part of the text «The Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» and give the definitions of the phenomena describing in the text by your own words:
- •Rendering/summarizing an article/text – Реферирование статьи/текста
- •Your opinion of the article and of the issue/problem raised in it
- •Render the whole text «The Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» according to the plan above.
- •Grammar Focus
- •Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Ved forms:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
- •Unit 5 semiconductors
- •Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read and translate the text using the words from exercise 2. What are the most important uses of semiconductors?
- •4. Write 5 questions to the text and ask your partner to answer them.
- •5. Make the nouns from the verbs.
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Read the text about conductors, insulators and semiconductors:
- •Insulators
- •8. Fill the table with the information from the text above:
- •Grammar Focus Passive Voice
- •9. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense of the Passive Voice:
- •Convergence on digital transmission
- •Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •Read the text and make a summary: convergence on digital transmission
- •4. After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •5. Match the words with their definitions.
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •7. Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Grammar Focus – numerals (1)
- •8. Practice saying numerals and translating the sentences into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •9. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Unit 7 how satellites work
- •1. Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •2 . Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •Self-contained (adj) – автономный
- •Read the text below and make a summary: how satellites work
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Read the following text and render it.
- •Satellite (n) – спутник
- •Read the text and make a summary: satellite applications
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Grammar Focus – numerals (2)
- •Practise saying the numerals and translating the sentences into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Match the phrases and abbreviations below with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the words and phrases and learn them by heart:
- •Translate the following noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary to help you:
- •Read the text and match the headlines below with the paragraphs:
- •Complete these statements about gsm-r using information from the text:
- •The numbers below are mentioned in the text. What do they mean?
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words in the box:
- •Incompatible benefits availability guarantee implemented enabling surveillance communication
- •Translate the following phrases into English. Use the text of the unit to help you:
- •Work in pairs/small groups. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Unit 10 radio communication systems between train and trackside (rstt)
- •1. Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •2. Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read and translate the text using the words from the exercise 2: radio communication systems between train and trackside (rstt)
- •4. After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •5. Read the definition and give the suitable word. Use the words from exercise 2:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups:
- •Glossary
- •Banking (n) – банковские операции
- •Equitable access – равный доступ Error-checking –проверка ошибок Exceed (V) – превышать
Convergence on digital transmission
Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- What is the role of digital transmission in modern life?
- What digital devices are used to transmit information? Why are they so popular?
Read the words and learn them by heart:
Bandwidth (n) – ширина полосы частот, пропускная способность, полоса пропускания канала
Circuit (n) – цепь
Circuit-switching (n) – коммутация каналов
Coaxial (adj) – коаксиальны, совпадающий осями, имеющий общую ось
Compressed (adj) – сжатый
Convergence [kənˈvɜːdʒ(ə)ns] (n) – взаимодействие, взаимопроникновение, конвергенция
Copper (adj) –медный
Envelop (n) – конверт
Error-checking –проверка ошибок
Exceed (v) – превышать
Fiber-optic (adj) – оптоволоконный
Frequency division multiplexing — мультиплексирование с разделением частот
Implementation (n) – внедрение, реализация, осуществление
Multiplexing (n) – уплотнение каналов связи, многоканальная передача (информации), мультиплексирование
Packet switching device – устройство коммутации пакетов
Protocol (n) – протокол
Receiver (n) – получатель
Router (n) – маршрутизатор, роутер
Semi-permanent (adj) - полупостоянный
Sender (n) – отправитель
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) – протокол управления передачей данных
Two-way (adj) – двусторонний
UNIX – операционная система UNIX
Zip code (n) – почтовый индекс
Read the text and make a summary: convergence on digital transmission
Many long-distance companies are implementing a data networking approach, now called an IP standard from the UNIX TCP/IP protocol suite. Data, voice, and video are being sent digitally as packets of data, rather than as parts of an analog frequency. The digital approach promises faster, cheaper, and better telecommunications services; it is especially well suited to fiber-optic wiring. The widespread popularity of digital devices suggests that digital data networks make the most sense. In long-distance and wireless activity the amount of data now exceeds the amount of voice transmission, moving both voice and data to IP networking.
Cable-TV transmissions employ frequency division multiplexing to continuously send many channels one-way to TV tuners. Data and voice transmissions are two-way, often short bursts from sender to receiver. This adds considerable complexity, as TCI and Time Warner discovered during the implementation of phone and Internet services over their coaxial cables.
Phone conversations are semi-permanent sessions between sender and receiver. The phone companies use circuit-switching technology to connect the two parties by establishing a circuit, or connection, for the duration of the call for the exclusive use of the two parties. But that is preceded by establishing the link or circuit through the local switching center, the long-distance carrier, and another switching center. Here again the wire capacity is broken up into circuits using frequency division multiplexing. The traditional T-1 line provides twenty-four separate telephone circuits over copper wire; each circuit is equivalent to 64,000 bits per second digital channel.
Data network standards were established as millions of local area networks were created in businesses all over the world. Data is sent and received in packets, called “datagrams,” defined by protocols, such as the dominant IP protocol. The packets have a “to” address, a “from” address, considerable digital data, and error-checking data; each packet also indicates that it is one of many in a group, to be assembled by the receiving computer. Data networks operate like the mail delivery system in that data is put into envelops. The “to” and “from” addresses contain both a single individual address as well as the area's zip code. Trucks (wires) take all the mail to central hubs, where it is again sorted and sent to the right zip code post office which delivers the envelop to the right home address. Data networks use packet switching devices, typically routers, to truck the packets from router to router along the path.
Packet switching is much more efficient for little e-mail messages or slow phone conversations. With packet switching, an exclusive circuit is not necessary as the entire bandwidth is always open to accept packets. The standard for fiber optic transmission is 2.5 Gbps (2.5 billion bits per second), so very large amounts of information can be moved in the blink of an eye. Compressed video and compressed music take up lots of bandwidth; a CD holds 600 million bytes (4.8 billion bits), but data can be compressed by half into roughly 2.5 billion bits, and sent and received in a second.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/telecommunications