- •English for Telecommunications and Radio Technologies in Rail Transport
- •Merger (n) – объединение
- •Read the text and make a summary: telecommunications
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Grammar Focus – noun chains (n-n-n…- n) (1)
- •Practise translating noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Unit 2 telecommunications resources
- •Read the text below and make a summary: telecommunications resources
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words in the box:
- •Grammar Focus – noun chains (n-n-n…- n) (2)
- •Practise translating noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Unit 3 radio communication
- •Radio Communication (1)
- •4. Make two questions to each paragraph of the text and ask you partner to answer them.
- •5. Make the verbs from the nouns:
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Match the words with their definitions:
- •Grammar Focus
- •Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Ving forms:
- •9. Read and translate the text «Radio Communication» Part 2, then put the paragraphs in the correct order: Radio Communication (2)
- •10. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •The properties of electromagnetic waves
- •1. Discuss the general knowledge questions connected with the topic of the unit:
- •2. Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read the first part of the text «Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» and translate it using the words from exercise 2. The properties of electromagnetic waves
- •Make questions to the text. The first word and the answer are given for you:
- •Read the second part of the text «The Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» and give the definitions of the phenomena describing in the text by your own words:
- •Rendering/summarizing an article/text – Реферирование статьи/текста
- •Your opinion of the article and of the issue/problem raised in it
- •Render the whole text «The Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» according to the plan above.
- •Grammar Focus
- •Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Ved forms:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
- •Unit 5 semiconductors
- •Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read and translate the text using the words from exercise 2. What are the most important uses of semiconductors?
- •4. Write 5 questions to the text and ask your partner to answer them.
- •5. Make the nouns from the verbs.
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Read the text about conductors, insulators and semiconductors:
- •Insulators
- •8. Fill the table with the information from the text above:
- •Grammar Focus Passive Voice
- •9. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense of the Passive Voice:
- •Convergence on digital transmission
- •Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •Read the text and make a summary: convergence on digital transmission
- •4. After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •5. Match the words with their definitions.
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •7. Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Grammar Focus – numerals (1)
- •8. Practice saying numerals and translating the sentences into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •9. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Unit 7 how satellites work
- •1. Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •2 . Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •Self-contained (adj) – автономный
- •Read the text below and make a summary: how satellites work
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Read the following text and render it.
- •Satellite (n) – спутник
- •Read the text and make a summary: satellite applications
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Grammar Focus – numerals (2)
- •Practise saying the numerals and translating the sentences into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Match the phrases and abbreviations below with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the words and phrases and learn them by heart:
- •Translate the following noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary to help you:
- •Read the text and match the headlines below with the paragraphs:
- •Complete these statements about gsm-r using information from the text:
- •The numbers below are mentioned in the text. What do they mean?
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words in the box:
- •Incompatible benefits availability guarantee implemented enabling surveillance communication
- •Translate the following phrases into English. Use the text of the unit to help you:
- •Work in pairs/small groups. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Unit 10 radio communication systems between train and trackside (rstt)
- •1. Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •2. Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read and translate the text using the words from the exercise 2: radio communication systems between train and trackside (rstt)
- •4. After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •5. Read the definition and give the suitable word. Use the words from exercise 2:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups:
- •Glossary
- •Banking (n) – банковские операции
- •Equitable access – равный доступ Error-checking –проверка ошибок Exceed (V) – превышать
4. Write 5 questions to the text and ask your partner to answer them.
5. Make the nouns from the verbs.
charge |
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conduct |
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control |
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create |
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found |
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insulate |
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manufacture |
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produce |
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select |
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transit |
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6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
materials resistance characteristics glass conductivity insulator copper charge type
Semiconductors are often defined as an electrical conductors having intermediate __________ between that of an __________ and that of a metal.
Semiconductor material is a material whose __________ is greater than that of a conductor like __________ and less than that of an insulator like __________.
Two __________ most frequently used in semiconductors are germanium and silicon.
These materials are chemical elements which have the same crystal structure and similar __________.
According to the nature of the material, semiconductors may be of two __________: N-type (the free __________ are negative) and P-type (the charge carry is positive) semi conductors.
7. Read the text about conductors, insulators and semiconductors:
Conductors
Most of the conductors used in electronics are metals like copper, aluminium and steel. Conductors are materials that obey Ohm's law and have very low resistance. They can therefore carry electric currents from place to place without dissipating a lot of power. As a result, metals are useful as connecting wires to carry electrical signals from place to place. They help ensure that most of the signal's power reaches its destination instead of warming up the wires in between!
In fact, although it sounds odd, modern resistors are also made of conductor materials. However, they use very thin pieces of conductor which don't pass current too easily.
Insulators
Glass, most polymers (plastics), rubber and wood are all examples of insulators. These are materials which will refuse to carry an electric current. They are useful for jobs like coating electric wires to prevent them from 'shorting together' or giving you a shock. Silk and cotton are also good insulators (when they're dry!!) and some of the mains wiring in very old houses once used them - but by modern standards this was pretty dangerous since you could get a shock when wet or a spark would set them alight when dry!
Insulators are also very useful to fill the 'gap' in between the metal plates of a capacitor. Very old capacitors (and some modern radio ones) use air gaps since air is a good insulator.
Semiconductors
All the transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, etc. used in modern electronics are built using a range of semiconductors. The basic property of a semiconductor is given away by its name - it 'conducts a little bit'. A semiconductor will carry electric current, but not as easily as a normal conductor.
Some materials are intrinsic semiconductors. The semiconducting properties occur in these materials naturally. However, most of the semiconducting materials used in electronics are extrinsic. This means that left to themselves they are excellent insulators. These materials are turned into semiconductors by doping them with small amounts of foreign atoms. The number of doping atoms you need to add is very small. If you left all the doping atoms inside the package of a transistor and removed the bulk of the material you'd be left with a vacuum better than exists between the planets of the solar system!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor