- •English for Telecommunications and Radio Technologies in Rail Transport
- •Merger (n) – объединение
- •Read the text and make a summary: telecommunications
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Grammar Focus – noun chains (n-n-n…- n) (1)
- •Practise translating noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Unit 2 telecommunications resources
- •Read the text below and make a summary: telecommunications resources
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words in the box:
- •Grammar Focus – noun chains (n-n-n…- n) (2)
- •Practise translating noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Unit 3 radio communication
- •Radio Communication (1)
- •4. Make two questions to each paragraph of the text and ask you partner to answer them.
- •5. Make the verbs from the nouns:
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Match the words with their definitions:
- •Grammar Focus
- •Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Ving forms:
- •9. Read and translate the text «Radio Communication» Part 2, then put the paragraphs in the correct order: Radio Communication (2)
- •10. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •The properties of electromagnetic waves
- •1. Discuss the general knowledge questions connected with the topic of the unit:
- •2. Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read the first part of the text «Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» and translate it using the words from exercise 2. The properties of electromagnetic waves
- •Make questions to the text. The first word and the answer are given for you:
- •Read the second part of the text «The Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» and give the definitions of the phenomena describing in the text by your own words:
- •Rendering/summarizing an article/text – Реферирование статьи/текста
- •Your opinion of the article and of the issue/problem raised in it
- •Render the whole text «The Properties of Electromagnetic Waves» according to the plan above.
- •Grammar Focus
- •Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Ved forms:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
- •Unit 5 semiconductors
- •Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read and translate the text using the words from exercise 2. What are the most important uses of semiconductors?
- •4. Write 5 questions to the text and ask your partner to answer them.
- •5. Make the nouns from the verbs.
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Read the text about conductors, insulators and semiconductors:
- •Insulators
- •8. Fill the table with the information from the text above:
- •Grammar Focus Passive Voice
- •9. Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense of the Passive Voice:
- •Convergence on digital transmission
- •Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •Read the text and make a summary: convergence on digital transmission
- •4. After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •5. Match the words with their definitions.
- •6. Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •7. Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Grammar Focus – numerals (1)
- •8. Practice saying numerals and translating the sentences into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •9. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Unit 7 how satellites work
- •1. Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •2 . Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •Self-contained (adj) – автономный
- •Read the text below and make a summary: how satellites work
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Read the following text and render it.
- •Satellite (n) – спутник
- •Read the text and make a summary: satellite applications
- •After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into English:
- •Grammar Focus – numerals (2)
- •Practise saying the numerals and translating the sentences into Russian. Use the dictionary if needed:
- •Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Match the phrases and abbreviations below with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the words and phrases and learn them by heart:
- •Translate the following noun chains into Russian. Use the dictionary to help you:
- •Read the text and match the headlines below with the paragraphs:
- •Complete these statements about gsm-r using information from the text:
- •The numbers below are mentioned in the text. What do they mean?
- •Match the words with their definitions.
- •Complete the sentences with the words in the box:
- •Incompatible benefits availability guarantee implemented enabling surveillance communication
- •Translate the following phrases into English. Use the text of the unit to help you:
- •Work in pairs/small groups. Discuss the following questions with your partner:
- •Unit 10 radio communication systems between train and trackside (rstt)
- •1. Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- •2. Read the words and learn them by heart:
- •3. Read and translate the text using the words from the exercise 2: radio communication systems between train and trackside (rstt)
- •4. After reading the text above answer the following questions:
- •5. Read the definition and give the suitable word. Use the words from exercise 2:
- •Complete the sentences with the words from the box below:
- •7. Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups:
- •Glossary
- •Banking (n) – банковские операции
- •Equitable access – равный доступ Error-checking –проверка ошибок Exceed (V) – превышать
Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to Ved forms:
Electrical energy is radiated as electromagnetic radiation.
When tested this new receiving set showed the desired results.
The power radiated increased four times when the current was doubled.
The results obtained are applicable to any type of wave.
Equipped with modern instruments the laboratory carried out important experiments.
Electromagnetic waves are propagated through the Earth’s atmosphere in two ways by travelling over the surface of the Earth and by leaving the surface of the Earth.
The operation of a receiving station is influenced by a number of factors.
The basic properties of electromagnetic waves are represented by a variety of manifestations.
Oscillations produced in this antenna are weak so engineers had to use an amplifier.
New electronic equipment developed by engineers improved the transmission of information.
When upgraded the device operated successfully under all conditions.
Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
Переведенная статья помогла инженерам освоить новое оборудование.
Новые методы исследования разрабатываются в этой научной лаборатории.
Позже эта гипотеза была подтверждена экспериментами.
Достигнутые результаты стали базой для новых исследований.
Радиоволны широко используются для передачи информации.
После того как новое оборудование испытали, его пустили в производство.
Метод, используемый этими учеными, подтвердил свою эффективность.
Свойства электромагнитных волн изучались многими учеными.
Изучив свойства электромагнитных волн, ученые научились управлять ими с помощью определенных методов.
Если приемник и излучатель волн расположены на разной высоте, то сигнал не будет улавливаться.
Unit 5 semiconductors
Before reading the text discuss the following questions:
- What are the most important uses of semiconductors?
- What functions can semiconductors perform?
Read the words and learn them by heart:
Add (v) – добавлять
Capability (n) - способность
Capacitor (n) – конденсатор
Coat (v) – покрывать
Carry (v) – переносить
Charge (n) – заряд
Conductivity (n) – проводимость
Conductor (n) – проводник
Copper (n) – медь
Destination (n) – место назначения
Dissipate (v) – рассеивать
Doping (n) – легирование, допирование (полупроводника)
Extrinsic (adj) – примесный
Impurity (n) – примесь
Intrinsic (adj) – беспримесный
Insulator (n) - изолятор
Purpose (n) – цель
Reach (v) – достигать
Resistance (n) – сопротивление
Steel (n) – сталь
3. Read and translate the text using the words from exercise 2. What are the most important uses of semiconductors?
Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between conductors such as most metals and nonconductors or insulators like ceramics. How much electricity a semiconductor can conduct depends on the material and its mixture content. Semiconductors can be insulators at low temperatures and conductors at high temperatures. As they are used in the fabrication of electronic devices, semiconductors play an important role in our lives.
These materials are the foundation of modern day electronics such as radio, computers and mobile phones. Semiconductor material is used in the manufacturing of electrical components and used in electronic devices such as transistors and diodes. They can be classified into mainly two categories known as intrinsic semiconductors and extrinsic semiconductors. An intrinsic semiconductor material is very pure and possesses poor conductivity. It is a single element not mixed with anything else. On the other hand, extrinsic is a semiconductor material to which small amounts of impurities are added in a process called doping which cause changes in the conductivity of this material. The doping process produces two groups of semiconductors which are known as the negative charge conductor known as n-type and the positive charge conductor known as p-type. The materials selected to be added to an intrinsic depend on the atomic properties of both the material being added and the material to be doped.
Semiconductors are especially important as varying conditions like temperature and impurity content can easily change their conductivity. The combination of various semiconductor types together generates devices with special electrical properties, which allow control of electrical signals. Imagine a world without electronics if these materials were not discovered. Despite the fact that vacuum tubes can be used to replace them, using semiconductors has made electronics faster, reliable and a lot smaller in size. Also, they have allowed for creation of electrical devices with special capabilities which can be used for various purposes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor