13. Настоящее завершённо-продолженное время (present perfect continous tense)

Образуется при помощи глагола to be в форме Present Perfect и Participle I основного глагола: have been doing.

Утвердительная форма +	I (We/You/They) have been reading since morning.
	He (She/It) has been reading since morning.
Вопросительная форма ?	Have I (we/you/they) been reading since morning?
	Has he (she) been reading since morning?
Отрицательная форма -	I (We/You/They) have not been reading since morning.
	He (She/It) has not been reading since morning.

1. Обозначает действие, начавшееся в прошлом, продолжавшееся по настоящий момент и все еще идущего. Обычно сопровождается предлогами: since, обозначающим отправную точку: I have been learning English since last summer и for, обозначающим период времени:I have been teaching for 10 years. В этом случае глагол в Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык настоящим временем.

2. Обозначает действие в развитии, которое недавно или только что закончилось: The ground is wet. It has been raining. В этом случае глагол в Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык глаголом в прошедшем времени несовершенного вида.

Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

1. Мы часто используем длительное время c вопросом How long?: How long have you been learning English?

Простое время часто используется с вопросами How much? How many?:  How many pages have you read?

2. Используя длительное время, мы интересуемся самой деятельностью: My hands are very dirty. I’ve been repairing the car.

Используя простое время, мы интересуемся результатом: The car is OK again now. I’ve repaired it.

3. C глаголами live and work можно употреблять любое время: Tom has lived in London for a long time. Tom has been living in London for a long time.

4. Помните, что ряд глаголов не употребляется в длительных временах!

like love hate want need prefer know realize suppose mean understand believe recognize be remember belong contain consist depend seem find see hear smell taste feel have (принадлежность)

Exercise 1. Постройте предложения в Present Perfect Continuous.

1. looking, you, I, been, for, have, 2 hours.

2. have, you, what, doing, been?

3. been, Linda, as a guide, has, for,3 months, working.

4. as a guide, how long, has working, Linda, been?

5. TV, all day, have, my children, watching.

6. you, here, been, how long, living, have?

7. shopping, we, all morning, going, have, been.

8. long, waiting, been, you, have?

Exercise 2. К предложениям 1-8 напишите вопросы, начинающиеся с вопросительного слова how long. Используйте глаголы, данные в скобках в Present Perfect Continuous или Simple. Первое предложение дано в качестве образца.

1. I'm a member of a gym. (go there)

How long have you been going there?

2. They have their dance class on Tuesdays. (do)

3. She speaks English well. (learn)

4. I'm a drummer in a band. (play)

5. I'm running in a marathon next week. (train)

6. Peter's my oldest friend. (know)

7. Franco is Violetta's boyfriend. (go out)

8. It's our wedding anniversary today. (be married)

Exercise 3. К каждой ситуации напишите по два предложения: Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous.

e.g. Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53. (read / for two hours) ...(read / 53 pages so far) ...

Tom has been reading for two hours. Tom has read 53 pages so far.

1. Linda is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe at the moment. She began her tour three months ago. (travel / for three months) … (visit / six countries so far) …

2. Jimmy is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was ten years old. This year he is the national champion again - for the fourth time.(win / the national championship four times) … (play / tennis since he was ten) … .

3. When they left college, Mary and Sue started making films together. They still make films. (make / ten films since they left college) … (make / films since they left college)

Exercise 4. Для каждой ситуации задайте вопросы, используя слова в скобках в Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous.

e.g. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask: (how long/ learn / Arabic?).... How long have you been learning Arabic?

1. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask: (how long/wait?)

2. You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask: (how many fish / catch?)

3. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask: (how many people / invite?)

4. A friend of yours is a teacher. You ask: (how long/ teach?)

5. You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (how many books / write?)(how long / write / books?)

6. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. You ask: (how long/ save?)(how much money / save?)

Exercise 5. Выберите правильную форму глагола: Present Perfect Simple / Present Perfect Continuous.

2. Look at my bathroom! I have just painted / have just been painting it.

3. We have played / have been playing four games.

4. We have played / have been playing basketball all day.

5. I have studied / have been studying the items of the exam.

6. I have studied / have been studying seven items.

7. My friends have planted / have been planting trees for already two days.

8. They have already planted / have been planting thirty trees.

Exercise 6. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужном времени: Present Perfect Simple/ Present Perfect Continuous.

A

1. I ______ (cook) mushroom soup. It smells delicious!

2. I ______ (cook) for two hours.

3. How long ______she ______ (study) German?

4. She ______ (study) English and German. She speaks them fluently.

5. Ouch! I ______ (break) the glass.

6. ______ you ______ (study) English long?

7. Stop it! You ______ (talk) for an hour.

8. How long you ______ (know) him?

9. He ______ (live) in the street since he came to London a year ago.

10. He ______ (have) his car for two years already.

B

1. Where have you been? _____ (you/ play) tennis?

2. Look! Somebody _____ (break) that window.

3. You look tired. _____(you/ work) hard?

4. ‘_____(you/ ever/ work) in a factory?’ ‘No, never.’

5. ‘Jane is away on holiday.’ ‘Oh, is she? Where … (she/ go)?’

6. My brother is an actor. He _____ (appear) in several films.

7. ‘Sorry I'm late.’ ‘That's all right. I _____(not/ wait) long.’

8. ‘Is it still raining?’ ‘No, it _____(stop).’

9. I _____ (lose) my address book. _____(you/ see) it anywhere?

C

1. My hands are very dirty. I ______ (repair) the car.

2. The car is OK now. I ______ (repair) it.

3. Somebody ______ (smoke) all my cigarettes, the packet is empty.

4. Mary is still writing letters. She ______ (write) letters all day. She ______ (write) 10 letters today.

5. Where ______ you______ (be)? I ______ (look) for you for the last half hour.

6. How long ______you ______ (know) each other? – We______ just ______ (get) acquainted.

7. What you ______ (do) since we last met?

8. I _____(read) the book you lent me but I _____(not/finish) it yet.

9. I _____(read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.

Exercise 7. Выберите правильную форму.

1. El Sistema is a social programme in Venezuela. It aims to help children from poor backgrounds avoid problems like crime and drug addiction by teaching classical music. It has been running 1) for /since over 30 years and it 2) has been producing / has produced several international stars, including the conductor Gustavo Dudamel. He 3) is conducting / has been conducting the National Youth Orchestra for the last ten years. Since 2007, Scotland 4) has been having / has had a similar scheme and many other countries are also considering adopting the idea.

2. Henning Mankell 5) has been writing / is writing since the late 1960s. He 6) has started / started by writing plays, but then became internationally famous through his crime novels. He 7) has been winning / has won several awards for his books. In 1985, he founded a theatre in Mozambique and 8) for / since then, he's been working there part-time.

3. I've always 9) loved / been loving the Eurovision Song Contest. It's great. I've been watching it 10) for /since I was eight, when a rock band from Finland won. Apparently, it 11) has been being shown / has been shown on TV every year since 1956 and is one of the longest-running TV programmes in the world. Abba and Celine Dion were both past winners.

Exercise 8. Определите правильны ли данные ниже предложения. Исправьте неправильные.

1. Bob is a friend of mine. I know him very well.

2. Bob is a friend of mine. I know him for a long time.

3. Sue and Alan are married since July.

4. The weather is awful. It's raining again.

5. The weather is awful. It's raining all day.

6. I like your house. How long are you living there?

7. Graham is workingin a shop for the last few months.

8. I'm going to Paris tomorrow. I'm stayingthere until next Friday.

9. ‘Do you still smoke?’ ‘No, I gave it up. I don't smoke for years.’

10. That's a very old bicycle. How long do you have it?

Exercise 9. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Мы с Питом встречаемся уже 6 месяцев.

2. Как долго Вы пытаетесь найти работу?

3. Кэтти всегда имела только одну профессию.

4. Как долго Вы знаете друг друга?

5. Улицы мокрые. Шел дождь?

6. Здравствуйте, я Ваш сосед. Как долго Вы здесь живете?

7. В течение 25 лет Терри был полицейским, но последние 10 лет он тренирует команду юных футболистов.

8. Я крашу дом, и я еще не закончил.

9. Том работает в супермаркете Тэско в течение 15 месяцев, а перед этим он был водопроводчиком 30 лет.

10. Я целый день пишу эссе и написал уже 6 страниц.