12. Условные предложения (second conditional)

Условное придаточное предложение является частью сложноподчиненного предложения, где главное выражает следствие условия, заключенного в придаточном. Условные предложения могут выражать реальное и нереальное условие, а главное предложение, соответственно, может выражать реальное и нереальное следствие.

Придаточные предложения условия соединяются с главным предложением союзами if ‘если’, in case ‘в случае’, unless ‘если …не’ и некоторыми другими.

e.g. He won’t go there unless he is invited. He wouldn’t cough if he didn’t smoke.

Условные предложения первого типа.

If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming.

Сложноподчиненные предложения первого типа (реальное условие) выражают вероятный и возможный результат в будущем: e.g. You'll get wet if you don’t take an umbrella.

В условных предложениях первого типа в главном предложении используется Future Simple (простое будущее время) со вспомогательным глаголом will + инфинитив без частицы to, а в придаточном предложении используется Present Simple (простое настоящее время). Если придаточное стоит в начале предложения, то после него ставится запятая. Если главное стоит в начале предложения, то запятая после него не ставится.

e.g.  If I work hard, I’ll pass my exam. I’ll pass my exam if I work hard.

Условные предложения второго типа.

If I were you, I wouldn’t be so rude.

Условные предложения второго типа выражают маловероятное или нереальное условие в настоящем или будущем.

e.g. If I were prime Minister, I’d increase taxes for rich people.

Условные предложения второго типа образуются при помощи использования простого прошедшего времени (PastSimple) в придаточной части и вспомогательного глагола would в главной части предложения.

e.g. If I had more money, I would build a house.

Вместо глагола was в придаточном предложении обычно используется were.

e.g. If I were you, I’d go to bed.

Правила пунктуации такие же, как и для условных предложений первого типа.

Exercise 1. Выберите правильную форму глагола (Second Conditional).

1. If I have / had an island, I will / would invite all my friends there.

2. If I am / were a fairy I will / would make something magic for you.

3. If he live / lived in Brazil, he will / would lie on the beach all day.

4. If they don’t / didn’t invite me, I will not / wouldn’t go there.

5. If cameras don’t / didn’t cost so much, we will / would buy one.

Exercise 2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужной форме (Second Conditional).

e.g. They would be rather offended if I didn’t go to see them. (not/go)

If you took more exercise, you would feel better. (feel)

1. If I were offered the job, I think I ______ it. (take)

2. I'm sure Amy will lend you the money. I'd be very surprised if she ______(refuse).

3. If I sold my car, I ______ much money for it. (not / get)

4. A lot of people would be out of work if the factory ______ (close down).

5. What would happen if I ______ that button? (press)

6. Liz gave me this ring. She ______very upset if I lost it. (be)

7. Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ______ (not / come).

8. Would Tim mind if I ______his bicycle without asking him? (borrow)

9. If he ______in here with a gun, I'd be scared. (walk)

10. I'm sure Sue ______ if you explained the situation to her. (understand)

Exercise 3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужной форме (Second Conditional).

A

1. If I _____ (have) more free time, I _____ (go) to the swimming pool.

2. If he _____ (want) to see us, he _____ (come).

3. If he _____ (not/ be) so stubborn, it _____ (be) easier to work with him.

4. If we _____ (go) to the Far East, we _____ (admire) the nature of this region.

5. If she _____ (eat) less, she _____ (not / be) so fat.

6. If she _____ (keep) to a diet, she _____ (look) wonderful.

7. If you _____ (discuss) it first, you _____ (not / have) such problems now.

8. If I _____ (be) you, I _____ (work) harder.

9. If you _____ (offer) him the job, he _____ (accept) it.

10. If I _____(live) in the country, I _____ (have) a dog.

11. I _____ (go) to the party if I _____ (not/ be) so busy.

B

1. If we _____ (have) a different government, I’m sure they _____ (find) solution to our economic problems.

2. If there _____ (be) more policemen at football matches, there _____ (not / be) so much hooliganism.

3. If the drivers actually _____ (follow) the rules, there _____ (be) fewer road accidents.

4. If more people _____ (give up) smoking, our health services _____ (save) a lot of money.

5. Burglars _____ (find) it almost impossible to rob the houses if more houses _____ (have) the alarm.

6. Parents _____ (understand) teenagers better if they _____ (try) to remember how they felt at that age.

7. If everyone _____ (become) a vegetarian, then the whole population of the world _____ (have) enough to eat.

8. If everyone _____ (stop) using cars and _____ (walk) instead, there _____ (be) less pollution and everyone _____ (be) healthier.

9. If I _____ (be) you, I _____ (try) harder.

10. If I _____ (have) a lot of money, I _____ (not / work).

11. What _____ you _____ (do) if someone _____ (give) you a million pounds?

12. If I _____ (be) you, I _____ (look) for another job.

Exercise 4. Используйте информацию в скобках, чтобы задать своему другу вопрос What would you do if...?

e.g. Maybe one day your friend will win a lot of money. - What would you do if you won a lot of money?

1. Your friend's car has never been stolen but perhaps one day it will be.

2. Perhaps one day your friend will lose his/her passport.

3. There has never been a fire in the building.

4. Perhaps he/she will be late for his/her wedding ceremony.

5. Perhaps one day he /she will be invited to a TV program.

Exercise 5. Ответьте на вопросы, следуя образцу.

e.g. A: Shall we catch the 10.30 train? B: No. (arrive / too early)

If we caught the 10.30 train, we’d arrive too early.

1. A: Is Ken going to take the exam?

B: No. (fail) If he __________

2. A: Why don't we stay at a hotel?

B: No. (cost too much money) If __________

3. A: Is Sally going to apply for the job?

B: No. (not / get it) If __________

4. A: Let's tell them the truth.

B: No. (not / believe us) If __________

5. A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party?

B: No. (have to invite his friends too) If __________

Exercise 6. Напишите предложения в Second Conditional.

A

1. He eats a lot of sweets. He's fat.

2. She smokes 40 cigarettes a day. She coughs a lot.

3. They don’t have a garden. They don’t grow vegetables.

4. I don’t have a boat. I won't sail around the world.

5. I can't swim well. I won't take part in the competition.

B

1. I didn’t hear the children were fighting, so I didn’t stop them.

2. I didn’t talk to Marry, so I didn’t help her.

3. You didn’t take care, so you had problems.

4. You opened the cage and the parrot flew away.

5. She didn’t work much, so she didn’t earn money to buy car.

6. I had a lot of books on History, so I wrote my report at home.

7. I promised to take my daughter to the cinema, so I couldn't meet you

8. It was very important for me, so I tired to do my best.

Exercise 7. Дополните предложения глаголом в скобках и одним из вспомогательных глаголов will или would.

1. As soon as I hear the news, I (let) _____ you know.

2. If they keep playing as badly as this, they (lose) _____the match.

3. If I were you, I (not spend) _____so much time at home.

4. I (give) _____you a ring when I get home tonight.

5. Look out! If you stand near the edge you (fall) _____

6. You (feel) _____better if you didn't smoke.

7. Don't worry. I (wait) _____here for you until you come back.

8. If you don't stop making such a terrible noise, I (call) _____the police.

9. If more people used bicycles, there (not be) _____so much pollution.

10. If I lived in a house as big as yours, I (buy) _____more furniture.

Exercise 8. Исправьте ошибки в каждом предложении.

1. If the weather is not warm tomorrow, we would turn on the heating.

2. If I were the president of the country, I will pay good grants to students.

3. If I am you, I would change the job.

4. I would bought a better car, if I had more money.

5. If he would be my brother, I would get on with him.

Exercise 9. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Если бы у меня было много денег, я бы купил себе большой дом и отправился бы путешествовать вокруг света.

2. На твоём месте я бы поговорила с ним о вашей проблеме.

3. Джон одолжил бы тебе денег, если бы ты попросил его.

4. Если она получит хорошие оценки, она будет поступать в университет.

5. Если бы ты был богат, ты бы работал?

6. Что бы вы сделали, если бы увидели привидение?

7. В какие страны вы бы поехали, если бы у вас был год отпуска?

8. Если бы зимой было жарко, мы бы праздновали Новый Год на пляже.

9. Если бы он не курил, он бы чувствовал себя гораздо лучше.

10. На Вашем месте я бы не стал говорить ему неправду.