10.2. Функции инфинитива (Functions of the Infinitive)

1. Инфинитив может использоваться в предложении в качестве обстоятельства цели (отвечает на вопрос Why? Зачем? Для чего?): e.g. I am learning English to get a good job. – Я изучаю английский, чтобы получить хорошую работу.

2. Инфинитив используется в качестве подлежащего после некоторых прилагательных:

I’m	pleased/ surprised	to see you.
It’s	hard / important	to learn Chinese.
This book is	interesting / boring	to read.

3. Инфинитив в качестве дополнения используется после вопросительных слов.

e.g. Can you tell me how to get to the station? – Скажите, пожалуйста, как добраться до станции.

I don’t know who to speak to. – Я не знаю, с кем поговорить.

Show me what to do. – Покажи мне, что делать.

4. Инфинитив в качестве определения используется после неопределенных местоимений.

e.g. I have nothing to give you. – Мне нечего тебе дать.

Have you got anything else to say? – У Вас есть, что сказать?

There was nobody there to show him how to do it. – Там не было никого, кто бы показал ему, как это делать.

Exercise 7. Переделайте предложения по образцу.

e.g. It's difficult to understand him. –He is difficult to understand.

1. It's quite easy to use this machine. – This machine is ______________.

2. It was very difficult to open the window. – The window ____________.

3. It's impossible to translate some words. – Some words ______________.

4. It's not safe to stand on that chair. – That chair ____________________.

5. It's expensive to maintain a car. – A ______________________________.

Exercise 8. Дополните предложения, используя прилагательное в скобках.

e.g. I couldn't answer the question, (difficult) It was a difficult question to answer.

1. Everybody makes that mistake, (easy). It's an _________.

2. I like living in this place, (nice). It's a ________________.

3. We enjoyed watching the game, (good). It was_________.

Exercise 9. Дополните предложения приведенными словами.

sorry/hear glad/hear delighted/get surprised/see

e.g. We were delighted to get your letter last week.

1. Thank you for your letter. I ___________ that you're well.

2. We ___________ Pauline at the party. We didn't expect her to come.

3. I ___________ that your mother isn't well. I hope she gets well soon.

Exercise 10. Дополните предложения подходящим по смыслу глаголом.

e.g. The President has a team of bodyguards to protect him.

1. I didn't have enough time ___________ the newspaper today.

2. I came home by taxi. I didn't have the energy ___________.

3. ‘Would you like something …?’ ‘Yes, please. A cup of coffee.’

4. We need a bag ___________ these things in.

5. There will be a meeting next week ___________ the problem.

6. I wish we had enough money ___________ a new car.

7. I saw Helen at the party but we didn't have a chance ___________ to each other.

8. I need some new clothes. I haven't got anything nice ___________.

9. They've just passed their exams. They're having a party ___________.

Exercise 11. Выберите правильную глагольную форму.

A

1. Don’t let your children eat / to eat so many sweets.

2. I told them not to shout / not shout.

3. She asked Peter to lend / lend her some money.

4. Doctor told my friend to keep / keep to a diet.

5. My teacher always made me to do / do some extra work.

6. They never let me to talk / talk at the lessons.

7. They told me to study / study all the rules.

8. Some marks made me to cry / cry.

B

1. I asked my friend to help / help / helping me with the washing-up.

2. I’d like to invite / invite / inviting you for dinner.

3. She enjoys to be / be / being alone.

4. It makes her to feel / feel / feeling calm.

5. We decided to go / go / going to the cinema.

6. Peter asked Pam to stop / stop / stopping crying.

7. He told her to concentrate / concentrate / concentrating.

8. But she continued to weep / weep / weeping and didn’t want to hear / hear / hearing anything.

Exercise 12. Дополните предложения правильной формой глаголов в скобках.

1. I enjoy ______ (listen) music.

2. There was a lot of traffic but we managed ______ (get) to the airport in time.

3. I’ve never been to Iceland but I’d like ______ (go) there one day.

4. Her parents wouldn’t let her ______ (go out) alone.

5. Hot weather makes me ______ (feel) tired.

6. She doesn’t like ______ (do) the ironing.

7. It’s impossible ______ (sleep) in such a noise!

8. I was asked ______ (be) careful.

9. Let him ______ (do) what he wants.

10. His jokes always make me ______ (laugh).

11. I was happy ______ (see) him again.

12. She told children ______ (stop ) ______ (talk).

Exercise 13. Ответьте на вопросы, употребляя известные вам глагольные модели.

A e.g.Why have you bought milk and flour? – I’ve bought it to bake a cake. 1. What did you go shopping for? 2. What are you going to Moscow for? 3. Why should we hurry? (not be late) 4. Why aren’t you eating anything this week? (get thinner)

B e.g.What is interesting for you to do? – It’s interesting for me to read books. 1. What is easy for you to do? 2. What is important for you to do? 3. What is difficult for you to do? 4. What is necessary for you to do?

Exercise 14. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Они отказались платить за еду в кафе вчера.

2. Мне приятно увидеть, что ты бросил курить.

3. Я хочу занять немного денег, чтобы купить новую машину.

4. Дома не были такими дорогими раньше.

5. Сейчас трудно найти работу, если вам больше сорока лет.

6. Я не могу сделать мое домашнее задание, мне нужен кто-то, чтобы мне помочь.

7. Я голоден. Мне нужно что-нибудь поесть.

8. Раньше у нас была собака, но сейчас у нас нет никаких питомцев.

9. Я позвонил в театр, чтобы заказать два билета. 10. Изучать английский легко.