4. Порядок слов в предложении (word order)

4.1. Повествовательные предложения (Declarative Sentences)

Повествовательные предложения содержат сообщения о различных событиях, фактах, действиях и т. п. Повествовательные предложения могут быть утвердительным или отрицательным. В английском языке существует фиксированный порядок слов, т. е. каждый член предложения имеет своё определённое место в предложении. Для английского повествовательного предложения характерен прямой порядок слов, а именно:

подлежащее	сказуемое	дополнение	обстоятельство
Ann	wrote	a letter	yesterday
(кто?) Анна	(что сделала?) написала	( что?) письмо	(когда?) вчера

Определение (какой? какая?) употребляется перед дополнением.

Подлежащее	сказуемое	определение	дополнение	обстоятельство
Ann	wrote	a long	letter	yesterday
Анна	написала	длинное	письмо	вчера

Когда в предложении несколько обстоятельств, то они располагаются в следующем порядке: обстоятельства места, затем обстоятельство времени.

Примечание: обстоятельства времени может употребляться в начале или в конце предложения.

подлежащее	сказуемое	дополнение	обстоятельство
			места	времени
Ann	wrote	a letter	to Moscow	yesterday
Анна	написала	письмо	в Москву	вчера

Exercise 1. Составьте утвердительные предложения, поставив слова в правильном порядке.

e.g. from Tom New York is. – Tom is from New York.

1. plays piano She the nicely.

2. small Ann a brown has table got.

3. gave He me ring gold a.

4. I at every six o’clock day swimming go.

5. by taxi to work usually comes He.

6. room Mary a is now cleaning.

7. playing the in children at moment are garden The.

8. When home came I watching children TV my were.

9. from John Spain comes.

10. me She yesterday gave a present.

11. in works My brother bank a.

12. Rostov year We last lived in.

13. family not My is large.

14. restaurant We a Sunday on go to sometimes.

15. My piano very sister plays well.

16. French Martin learning at is moment the.

17. very Everybody the much party enjoyed.

18. after Sam gave the me lift party a.

19. fell so were We we tired all that asleep.

20. at of Please, your the write page name top the.

4.2. Вопросительные предложения (Interrogative Sentences)

Вопросительные предложения имеют обратный порядок слов, т.е вспомогательный или модальный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. По способу образования вопросы делятся на две группы: общие и специальные вопросы.

Общий вопрос (Yes/No question) задаётся с целью получить подтверждение или отрицание (Yes, No).

Схема общего вопроса.

вспомогательный или модальный глагол	подлежащее	основной глагол	дополнение	обстоятельство
Did	Ann	send	a letter	yesterday?
	Анна	послала	письмо	вчера?
Сan	Ann	send	a letter	today?
Может ли	Анна	послать	письмо	сегодня?

Специальный вопрос (Special question or Wh-question) можно задать к любому члену предложения. Специальные вопросы начинаются с вопросительных слов. Who? (кто?), What?(что? какой?),When (когда?), Why (почему?), Where (где? куда?), Whose? (чей?),Which? (который?), How? (как?), How much|many? (сколько?), How long? (как долго? сколько?), How often? (как часто?).

Схема специального вопроса.

вопросит. слово	вспомогат. глагол	подлежащее	основной глагол	дополнение.	обстоятельство
Where	did	Ann	send	a letter	yesterday?
Куда		Анна	послала	письмо	вчера?
What	did	Ann	send		yesterday?
Что		Анна	послала		вчера?
What	could	Ann	send		yesterday?
Что	смогла	Анна	послать		вчера?

Exercise 2. Составьте вопросительные предложения, поставив слова в правильном порядке.

e.g. you swimming do like? – Do you like swimming?

1. see you Did friend your?

2. is Who teacher the?

3. When her you see did sister?

4. does Ann Where from come?

5. Italy go Why you did to?

6. have sisters many How got you?

7. your Has a got father car?

8. children are My of afraid dogs?

9. the in building is highest Which Moscow?

10. time you What have usually supper do?

Exercise 3. Выберите правильный вопрос к предложению.

1. They went to the concert two days ago.

a) Do they go to the concert two days ago?

b) Did they go to the concert two days ago?

c) Did they went to the concert two days ago?

2. He leaves home at 9 a.m. every day.

a) When does he leaves home every day?

b) When do he leaves home every day?

c) When does he leave home every day?

3. He will return in two hours.

a) When will he return?

b) When he will return?

c) When return will he?

4. The children are glad to have many toys.

a) Why do the children glad to have many toys?

b) Why are the children glad to have many toys?

c) Why the children are glad to have many toys?

5. There are two new buildings in the street.

a) How many new buildings are in the street?

b) How many new buildings are there in the street?

c) How many new buildings is there in the street?

Exercise 4. Постройте общие вопросы в следующих предложениях.

1. Lisa is so lazy.

2. You are still working.

3. Sam can speak French.

4. I got up at 7 yesterday.

5. Jim has gone to Spain.

6. Your parents have not come yet.

7. They enjoyed this film very much.

8. My son was late to school.

9. I wrote a test last week.

10. Ann plays the piano very well.

Exercise 5. Задайте специальные вопросы, используя вопросительные слова в скобках.

1. Fred Jones was born on March, 17, 1930 in Liverpool. (When)

2. He goes to work by bus. (How)

3. Julie died last year. (When)

4. Fred Jones felt lonely when she died. (How)

5. Now Fred lives in an old parents’ house. (Where)

6. They left home at 8.30. (What time)

7. Fred will blow out the candles on his cake at 5 o’clock. (When)

8. Tom won’t eat any cake because he doesn’t like cake at all. (Why)

Exercise 6. Задайте специальные вопросы к выделенным словам в предложениях.

e.g. They went to Italy last year. – Where did they go last year?

1. It costs ten pounds.

2. Mrs Brown wants to see Sally.

3. We are going to leave at 6 p.m.

4. They are Mr. Smith’s children.

5. Margaret was in Australia last year.

6. Janet and Paul live in the centre of London.

7. When I came home my son was watching TV.

8. Our teacher studied at Cambridge.

Exercise 7. Составьте общие и специальные вопросы.

e.g. You like music. – Do you like music? What do you like? What music do you like?

1. She comes from France.

2. My friend watched an interesting film last night.

3. I go to the university every morning.

4. My friend has a nice car.

5. This girl is my cousin.

6. My sister was at the disco yesterday.

7. George Brown is an English student.

8. They are at home now.

Exercise 8. Исправьте ошибку в каждом вопросе.

1. Were the film exciting?

2. Where you went last week?

3. Who did broke the window?

4. When was you graduate from the university?

5. Who your friend is?

6. What you are looking for?

7. Do Mary live in Kent?

8. You have written the report?

9. Does you still work at the library? – No, I don’t.

10. The bus is usually late?

11. Do Diana work on Sundays?

12. What you usually have for breakfast?

13. Are Mary always late?

14. Is her parents Russian?

15. Did Dorothy lost her purse last evening?

16. Are Ann the best student in this group?

17. Has they already painted the house?

18. Have Peter just bought a new computer ?

19. Has you ever been to America?

20. Paul will do shopping next week?

21. Does Helen wears contact lenses?

22. Was you tired yesterday?

23. ‘What Mary is doing?’ 'Am she playing the piano now?’

24. Am Tom going to meet his friends at the station?

25. What is your friend read now?

26. Where is your children playing football now?

27. What newspaper you are reading at the moment?

28. Your hands are very dirty?

29. What film you see last week?

30. This book is interesting?