Эсперанто для студентов и не только - Гончарова И.Г

„U n]fU[ fc[`]RXV/ ƒƒƒƒƒƒ lU c[`i[ ZcdcbX\] bYUVeUVX \iV ]_`] \X_ƒƒƒX \]h Zi_`]h hifc_ƒƒƒXh

aW [\]^_`_

Vc\Yc^ck_c XYa]VUd]^X UVWXYZ]^X _UkcYfX_c b]YX_]^X [iYfXhc nXZ]YX \Yc^ck_c \iVfXh]mU Z]Vm]RX VXf]RX Yc[`]^X `cV^]YX oUY\]j]RX b]YX_Y]h`X ^XZ]oX `UiX\]dc `ciZU VX\`iZU ki`XViZU n]fck_] _cYV]V`]YX ]cYiZU Z]ViZX

bW sg{fd|^_ @] ^ge]|^d?|

~i ZXVX ]j []VX Z]V\][ ]_ fU} E tU]_ XVU Vc Y]h`][ ZXY`UaU kc[`XhV}

Lc\Yc^ck_c/ oi fU Vc [eU][/ \c fU] g[bcY]V`X c[`][ ]V\XY]j Vc `Yc kXV]}

tU]_ fU \Yc^U[ Vc\ ZUV/ Vc\ ]_UihV/ \U]Z XVU ^UYU[ ]_ fU bYU `UX}

q]\XV`i ]_ VU bYU fU]h b_]VXh bXY _] [XZcYX

~i fU \Yc^i[ ]_ fU]h acXV\_Xh/ [c U_U ^UYi[/ \c k]_^]j fU fc`iYX[ ]_ €]f]hX}

tUcV fU fXh]mU[ cV `Y]hVX}

tUXZ ^] fXY`]YXh fU n]f][ cV fU] nchZX}

0 tU]Z]VUcYc fU bXfi[ \XV`Y]j]aU Z]_biYUaXV oUY\]j fU] ^XZX}1 tU]Z fU b_cViZU[ _] nchZ]V `][\XV _][`WXhc}

tUiec_c XVU \iY]^][ oUiZ]`cVc _]j _] [`Y]`X}

E tUihV U^cXhV fU bYXbXVi[ ]_ _] bYcdU^cV`X ^c VU] l`]`X}

! " # #$%

NW [\]^_`_ `]? f]\`g\ij_

VWXYW?G

wUVWUVc Z]_\XV[`YiU[ VU _] ZiYXV/ Jc^ \UX c[`U[ ^X _] [c\f] b]lz}

•_ oUi ^XZX l_X[U _] [cYiYXV/

xUfU^U _] bXbX_XV bcY WX[]Rz

VWXYW?G

W [\]^_`_

SW "# " *# s•Jsrqu• Jgqyr} "# %&6- ug‚r/ *#"# (8 " ? %)> #-% 7,(") !"( " 8 8 6$&! #$!4 &" < "'( # $ "'#8 '#38#6!# "( - % "!# 7# "(") & $(!#84<% !!(*#' N6 7#$!# sJ 7#"# '(" !#'4; $ !(* '#(5 ,% !#' :# % $! " * *!(6* #$ 6(" -#% 0 1 $ #' (3 " ! # ' 5 *#!"(! !"#' 6$4; !"( " ! "#%)*# 8#%#$ 6) (8 " '# ( #%)3#' ") sJ/ $# " "#,!# *& (") $

!(* 4 "#6 8#6 " ( # $(!(") * sJ/ $% , 7# !&6!# ! '(") ' sJ'#; $ ( ' <( & %#'( ( 8 7# " ; N %( ' <( $ !!4 # $&" ' *!(6*&/ '4 #%&,(" - % "!#

SSW [\]^_`_ g@ R{fg\]|hd @] hg`{hd| ^g @] `]|hd ’sg•]{ ei’ g@ @] @g3 }id|d W

W /21672, 0 0 ,G* +,--PD 6 0 /1D / >O,-), -1 2,D4

6.tU] c[`][ _] V]`iYX `Uc}

7.tU] c[`U[ _] fc`cYX/ \U]Z fU fXh]mU[}

8.tUX Vc b_]lU[ ]_ fU cV _] fUdU` _]V^X}

9.gV \Ui _]V^X ^c _] ZXV^X fU bYcWcYi[ _XmU} tU]_}

10.KXVfX_i \XZb]YU fU]V b]`YX_]V^XV \]h _] _]V^XV ^c fU] fUdU`X

11.gV \Ui [cdXVX fU bYcWcY][ fXh]mU \]h \UcV oi [i^cV ]i VXY^cV} tU]_}

12.tUcV fU b_]V][ fXh]mU [c\f]WXhc} tU]_}

bW /21672, 6 0 /P 0 G- 5 )J 0 ,G* +,--PF 2,Dl 26,272, -1 -)F

0)/7D,-- ) /G,*152, 4/2- , / >O,-),

†YkX/ \Uc ZU V][\UmU[ E tU]_ ZU l]`][ qi[UXV}

tUXV ZU ZXV`Yi[ ]_ c\[`cY_]V^] a][`X cV vX[\fX}

tUX c[`][ 9s][bXY`] JcYfX9}

E

L %L

,% ! *#%% *"(' / 6(" %) 8 "!# "(/ # % $#' " %) &, !( +

2 % L SB~=TFl 8 % # + '( &) % # + * i & ) &) j( % # 1 ( ) % # + (

8 %#$() %# & +

L-L

- " *"!# # "# !( / '#; "'#/ * , "'#+

&- # 1 (0- # (8 0 &)- # #

(2 8- # (&4 &- # (- # '&- ) & 4 8 -&X# D

L'.L

$8 "/ ' *#"# #8 ,"# %(-# 5 !(" '8 "(%(2 D

E " ! # " !!# '4" ! " &@@(* #8 L*3 D

%#$#!# 2 $ '# '8 "# &@@(* L'.L , 2 ( #%)3& " *# !)

83 +

& # / ( &'. # @ I &)8 # ( &)8'. #

' I8# / (8 '. 8 *# j ' *I0# *1 (0 '. 0 7# *1 *

9L%j)/0 *7J4,2/Q G*Q > J-1E,-)QV

: ( ( V

*#!, !( L% #"8 , " #-O *"/ #"' , >2(; ! '# # =BGB` lAB`

& !/ ! *#"# 4; ! '% !# $ ; "'( &-O *" +

3 & 0 8 & %X L R & + ) &

) 8& % : % % %X# .1* + . + #

+ @ & 4 8 " % % % & % 8 %X# N 1 % .1

: ( V

2 & 9`ign†:& 8) & %X# N @ 4G1†

V 08 &9`ig†:& 8) & X# N / *9=G,†:

8 & & 8 % %9`ign†:8 2 % %X# 1 #

& * 4G1† @

V 89`ig†:8 2 X# S / & =G,† @ + #

) & 8 0 )9`ign†:%X# / * + @ + 4G1† +

V ) & &9`ig†:X# / * + 1 + =G,† +

8 & 89`ign†:8 & %X# 4G1†

V 9`ig†:+8 & 0 8 & X# =G,† ; '

: V

% % 2 2 % 4 8 & X# A . . & 1 # + +1 )1-2V(' 2 2 4 8 & X

'& 8 % & 4 X# C * / E 11 )1-2V

% , & 8 4 X

! % 6 ) % &2 & &-0 8 & X# S & /

1 . * % # 1 1 )1-2V -% " 6 ) &2 & & -0 8 & L X ! 6 )-&2 & &-0 8 & L X

!: V

4 ) ) 8 % & X# Q 1 ' +

&4 & 0 : ) 8 8 %X# 1 ' / +# +8 % 8 %X# R + + / + .

YW cdef@ghij_ @] x\]~d?|

gV hiVƒƒƒX XVU n]f][ ]V\]j kc_ƒƒƒXV

E v]_[UZb_]hV `][\XhV Vcec[][ b_U[UZb_ƒƒƒU

gV hiV] ]mX _U h]Z W]YUmU[ ]\]^cZUƒƒƒX ^c _] •\]^cZUX IV`cYV]eU] ^c _] JeUcVeXh

vXVXV XVU Zc`][ cV ZXVƒƒƒXV \]h ^X\iZcV`XhV cV ]\`ƒƒƒXV

Jc\fi _] c\dcZb_XV ^c _] b_ch ]\`Uf]h []Z\_][ƒƒXh

tUc_ `Ub] fU_]mƒƒƒX _U n]fU[ [UZb_ƒƒƒXV \]h V]`iY]V []mƒƒƒXV

aW [\]^_`_

fcYl]hVc `i`[UZb_c Vcj`Y]_ceX `UiYU_]`c iVUfcY[]_ceX ck_ceX b]Y`XbYcVU b_chb]Y`c []Z`cZbc ]V[`]`]jUaU c_Rc`U \]j\]d]VX WUVUmU UVWXYZUmU [ibihX \iUYU[`UVX YUa]VX [X_U^]YceX `Y]V[WXYZUmU _]\`ihX [X_i_X `Y]V[_XmUmU f]YZceX bX_Ue]VX `Y]V[_X\UmU WXYRc`U [UV[c\fc b][UaU UV`cY]_Uc UV`cYiYk] Z]Y[]VX []ZiYk]VX

bW sg{fd|^_ @] ^ge]|^d?|

~i fU l]`i[ YcfU^U oUihV fU]hV W]ZU_U]VXhV []Z`cZbc}

E tU]_ fU Vc Yc]_UaU[ fU]hV b_]VXhV bYU fXh]mX c\[`cY_]V^cV}

tU]Z fU YUZ]Y\U[/ \c _] fc`cYX l]VmUmU[}

tUc `YXfUm][ _] _X\X ^c fU] V][\UmX}

tUc_ fU XbUVU][/ oi nXZXh cV oUi ]mX []Zc [cV`][ kc_ceXV ^c _] fUfX}

tUcV fU bYcWcY][ UYU bXY kXVc YUbXdU}

tUc cV `Ui oU iYkX ck_][ l]VmU ZXVXV}

tU]_ Vc oUih fU]h []Z]mi_Xh l]`][ _cYVU cV UV[`U`i`X}

0 tUXV fU XbUVU][ bYU †VUfcY[]_]h tXVaYc[Xh ^c g[bcY]V`X}

1 tUc_ fU XbUVU][/ \UXZ ^] ZXVX ViV `YXfUmi[ cV ZXVihXh ^c oUih fU]h []ZaYib]VXh}

tU]Z fU V][\UmU[ \]h cV \Ui iYkX}E ~i fU c[`UZ][ _UkcYceXV ^c ]_Uih}

! " ) # #$%

NW [\]^_`_ `]? f]\`g\ij_

LU YcV\XV`UmX[

W [\]^_`_

' ;" #7#'# (8 # ! *#"# 45 !"# # 7 !(3 ?( 5 .#6!# ! $") / ,"# 4 3 (!" & " ) "#; " 8#; = 8 7% '! (3 !(5 †g•!(' %)! !"# #?( ?( ! #-O $(! " #*#%# "4 , ,% !#' (3 -#% , 8 11 " ! N ? %) <( ") ( #%)3#' !( !"#/ * (") 8 6$& ! #$ 8( '3 (8# #!(8 !( / - " "'# ( '3 (8!# &' 6 !(

†g• ") 8#%#$ 6! *?( ug‚r 8( ! !" * .#%# $ 6! 7 !(3 ?( N6 7#$!# †g• ( ug‚r # 7 !(3&>" †t ( I‚t '

8( !4 !"# *#!7 4/ * 6$4; 3 ' !#'#; " ! & ! ") qg†

# (; *(; #>3 !"( "#' ( Jg‚v 8#%#$ 6!# !"# $'(6 !( # (( 4 8#6 " " ") ,% ! 8( %>-#; (3 "(5 # 7 !(3 ?(;

W /21672, 0 0 ,G* +,--PD 6 0 /1D / >O,-), -1 2,D4

6.tUX c[`][ ug‚r}

7.tUc \]h \U]Z oU h]Yc X\]dX[ I‚t/ \UX c[`][ `UX}

8.tUih ]_U]h c[bcY]V`U[`]h XYa]VUd]RXh c\dU[`][ cV _] ZXV^X}

9.tUih hiVi_]Y]h XYa]VUd]RXh WiV\eU][ cV qi[UX} ~i fU h]Z c[`][ `Uc[ ZcZkYX} tU]_}

10.tUX c[`][ _] ocW]h ]Y]VmXh ^c Jg‚v}

11.tUihV ]_U]hV c[bcY]V`U[`]hV ]Y]VmXhV cV VU] _]V^X fU [eU][}

12.tUihV g[bcY]V`]hV bcYUX^]RXhV fU fU^U[} tUc[ bYc[XYa]VXh U_U c[`][}

13.~i fUV UV`cYc[][ c[bcY]V`U[`] ZXf]^X} ~i fU l]`i[ b]Y`XbYcVU mUV}

bW /21672, 6 0 /P 0 G- 5 )J 0 ,G* +,--PF 2,Dl 26,272, -1 -)F

0)/7D,-- ) /G,*152, 4/2- , / >O,-),

vU] b]Y`XbYcVX cV c[bcY]V`U[`] ]Y]VmX

E tU]_ ZU fX_][ c[`U ZcZkYX ^c c[bcY]V`U[`]h XYa]VUd]RXh

qcV\XV`Xh \]h ^U[UmXh …UkYXh/ \UihV ZU _ca][

kW /21672,l =G, -, >F G)D l -E1-), 6)-)2,*7- = 01G,+1 6D,/2

0 GE, )61-)Q

•V`]jVc_XVacƒƒ cV sXY`ia]_UXƒƒ Wc[`U[ [U]ƒƒ 1 ]ƒƒ V][\Um`]aXƒƒ iViƒƒ fU_]m]VXƒƒ …U]ƒƒ VXZXƒƒ c[`U[ s]j_X ^c J] ui`]ƒƒ fUfXƒƒ _Uƒƒ c[`U[

kXVniZXY]ƒƒ/ cVcYaU]ƒƒ/ WXY`]ƒƒ \]h []V]ƒƒ •V\]j ViV _Uƒƒ W]Y`][ kXVcacƒƒ/ c[`][ bYc[\]j E Zc`YXhƒƒ ]_`]ƒƒ \]h bcd][ oUY\]j 01 \U_XaY]ZXhƒƒ xiZ _] hikU_c]ƒƒ `]aXƒƒ \c_\]hƒƒ RiYV]_U[`Xhƒƒ fUdU`U[ _] fU_]mXƒƒ I_Uƒƒ fcVU[ ]_ _] Z]_hiVi_Xƒƒ bXY c\[eUU/ \Uc_ _Uƒƒ [i\ec[U[ \XV[cYfU _] kXVca]ƒƒ []V[`]`Xƒƒ qc[bXV^cƒƒ s]j_Xƒƒ ^c J] Zc`U[ [iY `]k_Xƒƒ \c_\]hƒƒ eU`YXVXhƒƒ+ 9~Uiƒƒ `]aXƒƒ ZUƒƒ Z]Vm][ `Uihƒƒ WYi\`Xhƒƒ9/ ^UYU[ _Uƒƒ ]_ _] RiYV]_U[`Xhƒƒ 9vUƒƒ l]`ca][ eU`YXVXhƒƒ \]h XbUVU][/ \c _] [i\Xƒƒ/ \Uiƒƒ cVn]f][ U_Uƒƒ/ c[`][ c_c\[UYXƒƒ ^c _] fUfXƒƒ 9 …] Yc[bXV^Xƒƒ ZUYUaU[ _] RiYV]_U[`Xhƒƒ ~i ]V\]j fUƒƒ} tUXƒƒ fU XbUVU][ bYU oUXƒƒ `UXƒƒ}

( L

#"!# " * &2 "'(" %)!#8&/ (8 >" #*#!, !( # * * (% 7 " %)!4 (

#- 3&>" ( #8#2( &@@(* #'+ L %3$% ! "# 2 7# ' 8 !(D*%3 $% #< $< 7# ' 8 !(D L+%3 $% -&$&2 7# ' 8 !(+

& % & X# 7 ( #

% .) + ) & 8 0 &)* 8 0 &)*%) & X # ( # % @

2+ 2+% X # R ( # %

.)

( L

#"!# " * &2 "'(" %)!#8&/ (8 >" #*#!, !( # * * (% 7 " %)!4 (

#- 3&>" ( #8#2( &@@(* #'+ L L$% ! "# 2 7# ' 8 !(D L* L $% #< $< 7# ' 8 !(D L+ L $% -&$&2 7# ' 8 !(+

*&4 & & & &4 & X # 1 ( / .# 1* ( # % .1 + 1 & & 08 &* 08 &*

X # J + ( . * ( # % * * + 8 & &

+ + 8 X# S / ( . + 1 ( # %

/ ( * 1 *

( L

#"!# " * 7% 7#%& ( #- 3&>" " * 6 / * * (, "( / !# (8 >" #*#!, !( ! ,(; #NV

%- # *(*%- # (+%- # 1 *

( 8*-L 4 8*-X# #08 &*-X# *

3%3 ‹ 3+

% +# I8& % +# ) *I& % +# .#

) I 8 % + # 1 .) ( 8*% + # 1 @ ( 8+% + #

( 1 1

3 3 ‹ 3+

+# .1 + (&+# .1 + *

#38#6!4 ( @# 84 L*3 ‹ 3+l 3+3 ‹ 3+W

0

1