- •Система открытого образования
- •Часть 3
- •Под общей редакцией д-ра филил. Наук, проф. Л.М. Лещевой
- •Chapter 7. Verbs Modal verbs Entry Test
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences so that each sentence contains the modal verb can.
- •3. Complete these sentences with modal verbs to express possibility or uncertainty.
- •4. Respond to the following questions. Express supposition implying uncertainty.
- •5. Insert may/might or can/could or to be able to.
- •6. Make the following sentences negative.
- •8. Translate from Russian into English.
- •9. Rewrite these sentences so that each sentence contains the modal verb need.
- •10. Answer these questions. Show that a planned action was not carried out using the modal verb to be to.
- •12. Respond to the following remarks to criticise a past action.
- •14. Put in shall, will or would. Open the brackets.
- •15. Translate from Russian into English
- •Each modal verb may express a wide range of modality. Here is a quick reference to the major meanings of the modal verbs dealt in this chapter:
- •Can expresses ability or capability, possibility, incredulity or doubt.
- •§ 1 Can/could to express ability or capability
- •§ 2 Can/could to express possibility, choices and
- •§ 3 Can/could to express uncertainty, doubt,
- •§ 4 Can/could to express permission, requests,
- •§ 5 Can/could in set phrases
- •1. Comment on the meaning and the form of the modal verb can. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Read the situations and write what you would say.
- •3. Complete these sentences using the modal verbs can/could or to be able to. Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only to be able to is possible.
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the modal verbs can/could or to be able to plus a notional verb.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with a modal verb to talk about unrealized past ability.
- •7. Use the modal verb can/could followed by the appropriate infinitive.
- •8. Paraphrase the following sentences using the modal verb can in the meaning of astonishment, uncertainty or doubt.
- •9. Read the dialogue, single out the patterns with the modal verb can. Comment on emotional colouring of the meanings. Reproduce this dialogue by heart: Think of your own examples.
- •10. Fill in the following spaces with either can/could or to be able to.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •§ 1 May/might to express permission
- •§ 2 May/might to express possibility
- •§ 3 May/might to express wishes, persuasive requests, and criticism
- •§ 4 May/might in set phrases
- •§ 5 Compare may and can for permission and
- •1. Comment on the meaning and the form of the modal verb may.
- •2. Answer the questions using the modal verb may/might.
- •3. Respond to each situation making up your own sentences.
- •4. Use the modal verb may followed by the appropriate infinitive.
- •5. Read these situations and make up sentences with may/might as well.
- •6. How would you ask for permission in these situations?
- •7. Translate from Russian into English.
- •§ 1 Must to express obligation and prohibition
- •§ 2 Must to express a command and
- •§ 3 Must to express supposition
- •§ 4 Compare must and may for supposition and
- •1. Comment on the meaning and the form of the modal verbs must and may. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •4. Change the following sentences, making them opposite in meaning.
- •5. Fill in the gaps using the modal verbs may or must with the proper infinitive.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Comment on the meaning of the verb need. Translate these sentences into Russian.
- •2. Replace the phrases in italics with modal verb need or the full verb need to.
- •3. Use must not or need not to fill the spaces in the following sentences.
- •4. Add your comments to the sentences, using needn’t have.
- •5. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Comment on the meaning of have to and have got to. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Use a construction with the modal verb have to in place of the words in italics.
- •4. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Comment on the meaning of the verb to be to. Translate into Russian.
- •2. Fill in the blanks with must, have to or be to.
- •3. Combine the modal verb to be to with the proper form of the infinitive in the brackets.
- •4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the modal verb to be to. Translate your sentences.
- •5. Translate from Russian into English.
- •In comparison
- •1. Comment on the meaning and the form of the verbs need, have to, be to.
- •2. Replace the words in bold type by need not/need etc, or a negative/ interrogative have to form.
- •3. Change the following sentences into the negative and interrogative.
- •4. Fill in the blanks with must or have to with the proper form of the Infinitive.
- •5. Write a sentence with must, have to to respond to the remarks.
- •6. Put in must or have to. Choose which is the best for the situation.
- •7. Insert to have or to be in the appropriate form.
- •8. Complete this article about learning to drive in Britain. Put in a positive or negative form of be allowed to or have to.
- •9. Write a few sentences about learning to drive in your country.
- •10. Translate from Russian into English.
- •§ 1 Should and ought to in comparison
- •§ 2 Must, should, and ought to in comparison
- •§3 Emotional should: in subordinate clauses,
- •1. Comment on the meaning of the modal verbs should/ought to. Translate the sentences.
- •2. Give some advice to a person or express disapproval.
- •3. Complete these sentences.
- •5. Respond to the statements with constructive suggestions, using the words in brackets.
- •6. Complete these sentences using the modal verbs should or have to with the correct form of the infinitive in brackets.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Comment on the meaning of the verb shall. Translate the sentences.
- •2. Make offers for the following situations. Think of your own situations.
- •3. Make suggestions to a friend for the following situations. You feel like ...
- •4. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.
- •§ 1 Will and Would for characteristic habit,
- •1. Comment on the meaning of the verb will and would. Translate the sentences.
- •2. Make requests for the following situations. You want someone to
- •3. Use a phrase with will or would in place of the words in italics.
- •§ 2 Will and would for intention, insistence,
- •1. Comment on the meaning of the verb will and would. Translate the sentences.
- •3. Oral Activity.
- •4. Put in appropriate forms of the past used to, will, would. Alternatives are possible. Retell the story. Water, water everywhere.
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs shall/will or should/would.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Review Exercises
- •2. Choose the most suitable words underlined.
- •3. Oral Activity
- •4. Put in will have to, must, having to, has to, should, had to, have to, should have. Retell the story. Arijaba!
- •5. Complete the sentences with appropriate modals (can, must, may).
- •6. Choose the sentence closest in meaning to the sentences given.
- •7. Rewrite each of the following sentences using the modal verb should and one of the words listed: important, normal, odd, insisted, warned, incredible.
- •9. Translate these sentences from Russian into English.
- •Progress Test
- •1. Supply the modal verbs can, could, to be able to, or managed to.
- •7. Change the following responses using the modal verb may/might to express supposition implying uncertainty.
- •8. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the modal verb must and the meaning remains the same.
- •9. Paraphrase the sentences to express supposition implying assurance with reference to the future.
- •10. Complete these sentences with the modal verbs (must or may).
- •12. Explain the difference in meaning between the two pairs.
- •13. Fill in the gaps using the modal verbs must, have to, to be to.
- •15. Insert the modal verbs shall/should or will/would.
- •16. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Mood. Conditional sentences entry test
- •1. Choose the correct word or phrase to fill the spaces.
- •2. Choose the correct answer.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •5. Complete the following sentences.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •7. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negative.
- •8. Translate into English.
- •And Subjunctive Moods.
- •§ 1 Mood. General Information
- •§ 2 The Subjunctive Mood
- •1. The forms of the Subjunctive Mood.
- •2. The use of the Subjunctive Mood.
- •2. Thus, we may speak about three major types of complex conditional sentences, or conditionals (Units 3-5):
- •3. Alternatives to ‘if’ in conditionals.
- •1. Put the verbs into the correct form.
- •3. Use the correct verb form instead of the Infinitive in brackets.
- •4. Choose the correct expression in the following sentences.
- •5. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets. Use will, going to, Present Simple and Present Perfect. There are may be two possibilities.
- •7. Some workers are demonstrating outside their factory. Use their demands to decide what they actually say to the managers and make conditional sentences (Type 1).
- •8. The managers of the factory are considering the worker’s demands. Complete the sentences by choosing suitable linking word from the box below.
- •9. Complete the following sentences.
- •10. Think of a suitable way to complete the second half of the dialogue.
- •11. Translate into English:
- •2. Type II Conditionals are used:
- •1. Put the verb into the correct form.
- •2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense form.
- •5. Write Type II Conditionals to match these situations.
- •6. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could, ought to, might in the main clause.
- •7. The following things might happen. What would you do if they happened to you? Write your answers.
- •8. Put the verb into the correct form.
- •10. Translate into English:
- •3. If I had been you/in your position
- •4. Inversion with had in Type III Conditionals
- •2. Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs. Use could have (done) or might have (done) in the main class.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets.
- •4. The Principal of the Express School of English is thinking about his life, and the conditions that led him to do things. What does he say to himself? Write sentences with an if-clause.
- •5. Open the brackets. Both right and both wrong
- •6. Comment on the following situations with if (expressing regret, etc.).
- •7. Read a situation and write a sentence with if.
- •8. Rewrite these sentences as conditionals.
- •9. Complete the sentences.
- •10. Translate into English
- •2. Use mixed conditionals in these sentences.
- •4. Put in the right conditionals. The secret of a long life
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •6. Translate into Russian.
- •If only
- •2. Write sentences with ‘I wish’.
- •3. Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation write a sentence with ‘I wish’.
- •4. Express wishes and regrets about these situations. Refer to yourself where possible.
- •5. Complain about the present situation and express your wish about some future actions. Begin your sentences with ‘if only’ or ‘I wish’.
- •6. Read a situation and then write a sentence with ‘I wish ... Would’ .... .
- •7. Here are some problems in brackets. How could they have been avoided? Use the words and phrases to help you write two sentences about each problem using I wish and If only.
- •8. Translate into English:
- •Review exercises
- •1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •3. Fill in: if, unless, provided or as long.
- •4. Complete the sentences using these words and phrases.
- •5. Complete these sentences to make appropriate Third Conditional or Mixed Conditional sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •6. Complete these conditional sentences in any way appropriate.
- •8. Complete the following sentences with an appropriate conditional clause.
- •9. Write sentences as in the model.
- •10. Complete the dialogue by putting the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •11. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •12. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
- •13. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
- •14. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negative.
- •15. Write a sentence about each problem using I wish or if only and the word in brackets.
- •Progress test
- •1. Choose the correct answer.
- •3. Correct the errors, if necessary.
- •5. Make up sentences.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •Sequence of Tenses and reported speech entry test
- •1. Open the brackets using the correct tense form.
- •2. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech.
- •3. Report the following questions.
- •4. Report the following commands, requests, and suggestions. Change an introductory verb, if necessary.
- •5. Turn the following sentences with the modals into Reported Speech.
- •1.Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •2.Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Report the following utterances. Use the reporting verbs best suited to the sense of the utterance.
- •2.Put in tell or say.
- •Unit 3 reported statements
- •1. Turn the following statements into Reported Speech. Mind the changes of place and time.
- •2. Put in is or was. Sometimes both are possible.
- •3. Change the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •4. Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.
- •5. Choose the most suitable word in cursive.
- •6. Report what these people are saying with the reporting verbs provided.
- •7. Turn each direct-speech statement into Reported Speech with tense changes.
- •8. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Martha. Here are some of the things Martha said to you:
- •10. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •11. Look at the extract from the interview 1 and the following report of it. Then write your own report of the next interviews.
- •Interview 1
- •Interview 2
- •Interview 3
- •Report… He said that…
- •Interview 4
- •Report… He said that…
- •12. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Rewrite each of these questions in Reported Speech. Start with the words given, and make any additions you need.
- •2. Turn the questions into Reported Speech.
- •4. Put the following into Reported Speech.
- •A job interview
- •7. Put the following into Direct Speech.
- •8. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •9. Rita is moving to a new flat. Bill has come to see the flat and help her move in. Convert their dialogue into Reported Speech.
- •10. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Mrs Smith is giving her cleaner instructions about what to do for the day. Report them.
- •2. Report the following using an appropriate introductory verb from the box below.
- •3. First read, then report what the teacher told the students before the exam.
- •4. Change the following direct commands into reported commands using the verbs: tell, order, ask, beg, advise, remind, warn, etc.
- •5. Put the following into Reported Speech using ask, advise, invite, offer, remind, tell, warn.
- •6. Report the following using the simple past of the verbs in brackets.
- •7. Report the dialogue.
- •8. Convert into Reported Speech.
- •10. Mr Andrews is the boss at Techniques. He tells everyone what to do. Report his orders and requests.
- •11. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •12. Give the original words represented by the following reported sentences.
- •13. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Unit 6 modals in reported speech
- •1. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.
- •2. Open the brackets. Use the appropriate verb form.
- •3. Turn the conversation into Reported Speech.
- •4. Report the dialogue.
- •5. Convert the conversations into Reported Speech.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Review exercises
- •2. Rewrite the following sentences in Reported Speech.
- •3. Use an appropriate introductory verb to report the following.
- •4. Supply the correct forms of the verbs.
- •5. Cross out the unnecessary word.
- •6. Read the news report and write the missing words. Use one word only in each space. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.
- •7. Here is the report of what the judge said to an accused. Convert his words into Direct Speech.
- •8. Put in the missing words.
- •9. Put in the correct forms.
- •10. Match the first part (1-10) with an appropriate reporting verb (a-j).
- •11. Finish these sentences using the information above. Use Reported Speech.
- •12. Complete the following letter using the correct form of a verb from the list. The first (0) is given as an example.
- •13. Complete each sentence in Reported Speech.
- •14. Choose the correct answer to fill the spaces in the sentences given.
- •15 Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word in bold.
- •17. Complete the sentences with say or tell (in the correct form). Use only one word each time.
- •18. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Progress test
- •1. Convert the following into Reported Speech. Use an appropriate introductory verb.
- •Chapter 8 verbals (nonfinite forms of the verb) entry test
- •1. Complete the sentences with the correct Nonfinite form of the verbs in brackets. Put in the particle to or the appropriate preposition where required.
- •2. Translate the sentences into English using the Verbals.
- •Verbal Predicate
- •§ 1 General Information
- •§ 2 The Use of Particle to with the Infinitive
- •Why not explain everything to her?
- •1. Fill in the suitable form of the verbs from the box in the following text. Some verbs can be used more than once. Reproduce the text.
- •2. Change the sentences as in the model.
- •3. Fill in the particle to before the Infinitive where required.
- •4. Complete the sentences using the correct type of the Infinitive. The first sentence has been done for you.
- •5. Fill in the particle to where required and retell the dialogues.
- •6. Translate the sentences into English using the Infinitive with or without the particle to.
- •§ 3 Forms of the Infinitive
- •§ 4 The functions of the infinitive
- •1. Make one sentence out of two using the Infinitive as a Subject. The first sentence has been done for you.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the suitable Infinitives from the box as a Subject or a Predicative.
- •4. Translate into English using the Infinitive as a Subject or a Predicative.
- •5. Make one sentence out of two using the Infinitive as an Attribute. The first one has been done for you.
- •6. Read and then retell the dialogue in pairs.
- •8. Paraphrase the sentences using the Infinitive as an Attribute. The first one has been done for you.
- •9. Translate into English using the Infinitive as an Attribute.
- •10. Put questions to the Infinitives as an Object.
- •11. Say that somebody is glad, happy, surprised, sorry, delighted to do or to have done something.
- •12. Complete the following letter using the appropriate Infinitive as an Object from the box.
- •13. Make one sentence with the Infinitive as an Object out of two. The first one has been done for you.
- •14. Complete with the correct form of the Infinitives in brackets as an Object.
- •15. Make one sentence with the Infinitive as a Result out of two. The first one has been done for you.
- •16. Paraphrase as in the model.
- •17. Change the compound or complex sentences into the one with the Infinitive as in the model.
- •19. Translate into English using the Infinitive where possible in the functions of an Object, Attribute or Result.
- •21. Fill in the correct form of the Infinitive as a Purpose in brackets.
- •22. Use your own ideas to complete the sentences with the Infinitive as a Purpose.
- •23. Read the text about the first world’s largest airship, the Hindenburg, that crashed in 1937. Complete five sentences after reading and reproduce the text.
- •24. Translate into English using the Infinitive as a Purpose.
- •25. Translate the sentences with the Infinitive as Parantheses into Russian.
- •26. Translate into English using the Infinitive as Parantheses.
- •§ 5 The Infinitive Constructions
- •5.1. Complex Object with the Infinitive
- •In the Active Voice without the particle to:
- •1. Translate the sentences with Complex Object into Russian.
- •2. Use the particle to with the Infinitive where required.
- •3. Change these sentences using Complex Object as shown in the model.
- •4. Act out the dialogue containing Complex Object.
- •5. Use Complex Object instead of the subordinate clause.
- •6. Paraphraze the sentences using Complex Object.
- •7. Translate the sentences into English using Complex Obiect where possible.
- •5.2. Complex Subject (The Subjective Infinitive Construction)
- •1. Paraphraze using Complex Subject.
- •2. Put in the correct form of the Infinitive as a Complex Subject.
- •3. Use your own ideas to complete the sentences with the Infinitive in the correct form.
- •4. Put in suitable words to make Complex Subject.
- •5. Fill in with the correct form of the Infinitive in brackets.
- •6. Translate the sentences into English using Complex Subject.
- •2. Exchange the subordinate clause for the For-to-Infinitive constructions.
- •3. Translate the following sentences into English using the For-To-Infinitive constructions.
- •4. Use your ideas to begin the sentences with the For-To-Infinitive construction.
- •5. Translate into English using the For-To-Infinitive construction.
- •Unit 3 the g e r u n d
- •§ 1 General information
- •§ 2 The Forms of the Gerund
- •§ 3 The Functions of the Gerund
- •§ 4 The Use of the Gerund
- •Insist on, congratulate on
- •1. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the Gerund from the verbs in brackets.
- •2. Make sentences with the same meaning by using the Gerund as a Subject.
- •3. Join the two sentences to make one sentence with the Gerund as a Subject following the model.
- •4. Read the sentences about Michael who is going to college soon. And then remember if you had the same or different feelings and problems.
- •5. Translate the sentences into English using the Gerund as a Subject.
- •6. Complete using the appropriate form of the Gerund as a Part of a Compound Predicate from the verbs in brackets.
- •7. Translate into English using the Gerund as a Part of a Compound Predicate.
- •8. Put in the right preposition before the Gerund as an Object.
- •9. Translate into English using the Gerund as an Object.
- •11. Complete and then retell the story told by Tracy about herself and her family using Gerund from the box.
- •12. Translate the sentences into English using the Gerund.
- •13. Complete the sentences with one of the nouns from the box.
- •14. Join two sentences to make one with the Gerund as an Attribute. The first sentence has been done for you.
- •15. Put in the Gerund as an Attribute to complete the sentences about experience, skills and abilities a manager must possess. Comment on them.
- •16. Complete the sentences with the Gerund in the function of an Attribute and a suitable noun. The first sentence has been done for you.
- •17. Translate into English using the Gerund as an Attribute.
- •18. Complete the sentences by using the Gerund as an Adverbial Modifier of Manner. The first sentence has been done for you.
- •19. Use the prompts from the box to complete the sentences with the Gerund as an Adverbial Modifier of Manner.
- •21. Translate into English using the Gerund as an Adverbial Modifier of Manner.
- •22. Put in the suitable prepositions: before, after, on, in with the Gerund as an Adverbial Modifier of Time.
- •23. Change the sentences as shown in the model using the Gerund as an Adverbial Modifier of Purpose.
- •24. Complete the sentences using the Gerund in different functions. Put in the suitable preposition where required.
- •25. Complete using the appropriate form of the Gerund.
- •26. Complete the story with the correct Infinitive or Gerund form of the verbs in brackets and reproduce it.
- •27. Translate into English using the Gerund.
- •§ 1 General Information
- •§ 2 The Forms of the Participles
- •§ 3 The Functions of the Participles
- •1. Complete the sentences using either Participle I or Participle II as an Attribute from the verbs in brackets.
- •2. Make one sentence out of two using either Participle I or Participle II as an Attribute. The first sentence has been done for you.
- •3. Complete the sentences using the suitable Participle as an Attribute of the verbs from the box.
- •4. Use the words in brackets to make sentences with the Participles. The first two have been done for you.
- •5. Complete the texts using appropriate Participles from the box and retell the texts.
- •6. Translate the sentences into English using the Participles as an Attribute.
- •8. Complete the sentences using either the Participle or a clause bearing in mind that in the function of an Attribute Participle I is usually not used to express a past or a prior action.
- •9. Translate the sentences into English using either the Participle or a clause.
- •10. Translate into English using Participle II as an Attribute.
- •11. Write out in two separate columns the word-combinations with the Gerund and those with Participle I. Comment on them doing the transformations as shown:
- •13. Translate the sentences into English using the Participle as a Predicative.
- •14. Make one sentence out of two using Participle I as an Adverbial Modifier of Time. The first sentence has been done for you.
- •15. Put in the correct form of Participle I as an Adverbial Modifier of Time or Cause.
- •16. Exchange the compound or complex sentences by those with the Participles in different Adverbial functions.
- •17. Put in the appropriate preposition/conjunction with the Participles as an Adverbial Modifier.
- •18. Use the suitable Participle from the verbs in brackets.
- •19. Complete the stories with the correct forms of the Verbals and reproduce the stories.
- •20. Complete the news report with appropriate Verbals from the verbs in brackets and reproduce it.
- •21. Translate the sentences into English using the Verbals.
- •§ 4 Participial Constructions
- •4.1. Complex Object
- •1. Complete the sentences using Complex Object either with Participle I or Participle II as shown in the model.
- •2. Translate the sentences into English using Complex Object with the Participle.
- •4.2. Absolute Participial Construction
- •1. Translate the sentences with the Participle in Absolute Constructions into Russian and comment on their form.
- •2. Translate the sentences into English using Absolute Participial Constructions.
- •§ 5 Parenthesis
- •2. Translate the sentences into English using the Participles as Parentheses.
- •Review exercises
- •2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Infinitive from the verbs in brackets.
- •3. Translate into English using the Infinitive.
- •4. Complete the sentences using the appropriate Gerund or Infinitive form.
- •5. Put in the prepositions/particles where required.
- •6. Translate the sentences into English using either the Gerund or the Infinitive.
- •7. Put in the appropriate Verbals into the story and the interview about lorry hijackings using the verbs in brackets. Reproduce them.
- •8. Complete the text using appropriate Nonfinite forms of the verbs in brackets and retell the text.
- •9. Complete the sentences using the correct Participle form.
- •10. Complete the sentences to form Participial constructions.
- •11. Translate the sentences into English using Participles where possible.
- •12. Put in the appropriate preposition/conjunction /particle where required.
- •13. Put in the appropriate Nonfinite form of the verbs in brackets.
- •14. Translate the sentences into English using the appropriate Infinite forms of the verb.
- •Progress test
- •1. Put in the correct form of the Infinitive choosing from a, b or c.
- •2. Complete the sentences choosing the verbs from a, b or c.
- •3. Complete choosing the right preposition from a,b or c.
- •4. Complete with the correct form of the Verbals choosing them from a, b or c.
- •5. Complete the sentences using the correct form of Participles from the verbs in brackets.
- •6. Translate the sentences into English using Nonfinite forms of the verb where possible.
- •Chapter 9 numerals Entry test
- •4. Spell out the reading of the following numbers.
- •Ежегодно миллионы людей умирают от голода.
- •Numerals. Meaning and Use
- •Telling the time
- •Addition
- •Subtraction
- •Multiplication
- •Division
- •1. Practise reading the following dates.
- •2. Practise reading the following numbers.
- •Progress Test
- •Entry test Unit 2
- •Unit 10, 11
- •Progress Test Unit 2
- •Entry test
- •Review exercises
- •Progress test
- •Verbals ( nonfinite forms of the verb ) Entry test
- •Progress Test
- •Numerals Entry test
- •Progress Test
- •Bibliography
- •Dictionaries
- •Практическая грамматика английского языка для среднего и продвинутого уровней обучения
- •Часть 3
- •220007, Г. Минск, ул. Московская, 17.
Unit 10, 11
Would, 77) Shall, would, 78) Shall, 79) Won’t, 80) Shall not, 81) Shall, 82) Would.
.
She must have lost her address.
You ought to follow my advice.
To think that she should have accepted that offer.
Why should I do this?
To think that it should have come to this!
It is queer that such troubles should have happened to her.
If you should see Ann, tell her all about it.
You shall listen to my orders!
Can't she have failed to get my letter?
You might have asked your sister's advice (consulted your sister).
He might be afraid of being given an injection.
I needn't have waited for the end of this programme.
We settled (agreed) that you were not to say anything!
You shall not move! You shall stay were you are!
He might have been taken into hospital.
This will be the house, I hope (I think).
She doesn't have to be present during our conversation.
Why should I speak to her?!
Review Exercises
1) Will have to; 2) haven’t been able to make; 3) had to get; 4) wasn’t allowed to; 5) haven’t been allowed to work; 6) have had to report.
should 2) couldn’t 3) can’t 4) can 5) could 6) shouldn’t 7) may 8) should 9) shall 10) may 11) couldn’t 12) should 13) should
should 2) will have to 3) Must 4) Must 5) Should have 6) Must 7) will have to 8) should 9) should 10) had to
1) may, 2) must, 3) mustn’t 4) mustn’t, 5) may, 6) could, 7) couldn’t, 8) may, 9) may, 10) can, 11) can’t have taken, 12) must, 13) may have left, 14) must have met
1-a 2-b 3-b 4-b 5-a 6-b.
It is odd that the new trainee should hand in his notice already.
It is normal that some students should feel a little homesick in their first week here.
It is incredible that he should complain now, right at the end of his course? .
It is important that children should be taught the difference between right and wrong.
It is strange that she should have left without saying anything.
It is not insisted that you should let your feelings run away with you.
A bystander warned that we should go to the police.
Could /might; can’t; can; must; mustn’t/shouldn’t/oughtn’t to; might/could; will have to; will; ought to; should; might / could; might; should ; needn’t; will/shall; shall; must; would; mustn’t/can’t; must/should/ought to; won’t; should/ought to; would; will
Progress Test Unit 2
….
1) Can 2) Is not able 3) Can 4) Could. Can 5) Can, can’t 6) Couldn’t 7) Was able to 8) Managed to 9) Couldn’t 10) Managed to
…. .
Can you see that man over there?
I can smell something burning.
I could understand.
Could you understand?
I can’t see anything.
I could skate before I was five.
I hope one day we can meet again in more favourable circumstances.
It can be very cold here in March.
Some supermarket beef can be rather tough.
In the end we could communicate with a sign language.
If you don’t feel you can make a contribution, just say so.
.
Could 23) was able to 24) to be able to 25) can 26) be able to
Unit 3
may 28) can 29) may 30) might 31) might 32) could.
.
You might have had the prescription made up on the way home:
You might have warned me about a change in the time-table.
You might have come to see me when I was ill.
You might have bought some oranges at the market.
You might have been more polite to the aged.
You might have stopped interfering in my affairs.
Irene may have taken it with her.
She may have gone to a dentist.
I may have been keeping to a strict diet of salads and very little meat too long.
His pain may have been bothering him too long.
Unit 4
He must have got all he needed.
She must be ill.
The boy must be reading something funny. He was smiling all the time.
The hotel rates must be very high in summer.
Jim must be taken ill with flue.
They must have never realized what opportunity they were losing.
He is certain to put up at a hotel.
They will probably come and see me here.
You will probably see the ceremony with your own eyes.
Penny is certain to be x-rayed tomorrow.
‘You’ll probably see Westminster Abbey and Westminster Palace with its largest clock in the country and the famous bell Big Ben. ’
He is certain to give you a piece of advice
Evidently, they won’t visit London next year.
Must
Might
Must
May
Must
Must
Unit 5
.
You needn’t have bought…….
Impossible.
Imp.
You needn’t have come and picked me up; I could have got a taxi.
You needn’t have slept on the ………
I needn’t have used cash; I had my credit card with me after all.
Unit 7
.
a)It wasn’t arranged; b)it was an unfulfilled action.
a)It was an arranged plan; b)it was an unfulfilled action in the past.
Unit 8
.
Mustn’t 71) Will have to 72) Needn’t have come 73) Was 74) Was 75) Must 76) will have to
Unit 10
.
~ He suggested that I should go to Italy.
~ She ordered that I should stay in bed
~ She advised that I shouldn’t work so hard.
~ Why should I do it?
~ How should I know him?
~ If you should see her, tell her all about it.
Unit 9, 10, 11
.
should 84) shall not/will not 85) shouldn’t 86) won’t 87) will 88) will 89) shall 90) shall 91) should 92) should 93) will 94) will
16.
He shouldn’t have kept us waiting
This issue should have been solved long ago.
You ought to pay more attention to this work. It is very important
He suggested that the meeting should be held at 5 o’clock.
We insisted that they three should leave the city.
Accidents will happen.
MOOD. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Entry Test
Unit 3-4
1. 1) с 2) a 3) c 4) a 5) c 6) b 7) a 8) c 9) a 10) b
2. 11) see, will tell 12) don’t hurry, will miss 13) go, shall take 14) receives, will phone 15) as soon as 16) unless 17) phone, will pick 18) changed would earn 19) lived, would do 20) stay, will get
3. 21) would say 22) told 23) would say 24) were 25) would think 26) were 27) saved 28) wouldn’t be 29) planned 30) planned 31) would have better 32) had 33) wouldn’t go 34) would buy 35) would feel 36) wouldn’t buy 37) gave 38) wouldn’t enjoy 39) were able 40) would be 41) knew 42) wouldn’t like 43) will go 44) wouldn’t say 45) were 46) care 47) will see 48) would like
Unit 5
4. 49) had come, would have seen 50) would meet, didn’t go 51) hadn’t known, would have married 52) would have been, had happened 53) had been, would have gone 54) had come, would have enjoyed 55) would have got 56) had known, wouldn’t get 57) had been, wouldn’t be able 58) had been, wouldn’t have been
6. 64) had left 65) would have been 66) hadn’t done 67) would have had 68) were 69) would steal 70) thought 71) would leave
Unit 7
72) he turned up (would turn up) 73) if only all my money hadn’t been lost 74) he had 75) it were snowing (it weren’t snowing) 76) you had kept 77) would come 78) would go 79) hadn’t done 80) stopped 81) you would come
82) I wish it wouldn’t rain tomorrow.
83) If you had phoned me yesterday, I would have taken your books.
84) I shall let my son go there, if he gives up this idea.
85) I wish you could understand it.
86) If I were you, I wouldn’t pay so much attention to this problem.
87) I wish it weren’t so cold today.
88) If you had taken this medicine, you would be well today.
89) We’ll be staying in the café while they are going shopping.
90) He wouldn’t have failed his exam if he had worked harder.
91) I’ll send him a telegram if he doesn’t come tomorrow.
92) I wish she had already arrived.
93) I’ll address him until I have found the solution of this problem.
94) He wished he knew the girl’s address.
95) If I were you, I would have never spoken to her in such a tone.
96) If she didn’t love him, she wouldn’t have followed him.
97) He was the first to speak I wish you had heard him speaking.
98) Now they are laughing at me. I wish I hadn’t shown them these poems.
99) If you had warned me beforehand I would have never gone there.
100) I wish they hadn’t parted. They had always been a nice couple.
Unit 3
8.
1) so long 2) unless 3) provided (that)/as long as/so long as 4) in case 5) provided (that)/as long as/so long as 6) supposing 7) provided (that) 8) provided (that)
Review Exercises
10.
1) had got, wouldn’t need 2) had listened/had been listening, would have heard 3) would have had, hadn’t left 4) were, wouldn’t keep on 5) hear, think 6) stand, will be 7) hold, will be 8) would climb, could get 9) sees/saw, will/would call 10) would make, didn’t worry 11) move, will be 12) hadn’t been/weren’t, wouldn’t have broken
Progress Test
1. 1) d 2) f 3) I 4) b 5) e 6) c 7) h 8) j
2. 9) a 10) g 11) a 12) c 13) a 14) b 15) b 16) a 17) b 18) a
3. 19) would visit 20) correct 21) had 22) is 23) wouldn’t have missed 24) had 25) had been 26) correct 27) hadn’t decided 28) hadn’t gone
4. 29) were 30) would you choose 31) would get 32) didn’t have 33) would have 34) would be able 35) would you try 36) managed 37) would try 38) would try 39) tried 40) would fall 41) had 42) would want 43) would you catch 44) didn’t have 45) would be 46) wouldn’t hurt 47) didn’t eat 48) would either of you be 49) would find 50) didn’t speak 51) would enjoy 52) would begin
5.
53) She wouldn’t have fallen, if it had not been so slippery.
54) If I were you, I would have been chosen the green one.
55) Our team would have won the game, if they had trained a lot.
56) He would have come to your place, if he hadn’t been ill.
58) I wish it were summer now.
59) I wish I had been not so modest.
60) If only I hadn’t been made redundant.
6.
61) If you were not so busy we would go out.
62) I would have never thought it had been possible if I hadn’t seen this with my own eyes.
63) If only he were here.
64) Such a strange thought would have never come to my mind but for the suspicious behavior of this man.
65) But for you I would have never written this article.
66) I would feel so awkward now if I had followed the advice of this man.
67) But for you I would have never managed this work.
68) Even if I kept the letters I would never show them to you.
69) If he knew you were in hospital now, he would surely visit you.
70) I will tell him all the news as soon as I see him.
71) In case (on condition) you pay more attention to the language, you’ll achieve much success.
72) If I were you, I would always speak English.
73) If I were there, I would ring Ann.
74) If I see Con, I’ll ask her to phone you.
75) If I had known it would rain, you should have taken an umbrella with you.
76) Charles would write you if he knew your address.
77) If you hadn’t phoned Carol, everything would be all right.
78) I wish we hadn’t come so late.
79) Even if she had got a bad mark for her exam, she would have gone with us.
80) Sue would look more attractive if she changed the haircut.
81) If I were you, I wouldn’t go there.
82) I wish you had taken this possibility.
83) You wouldn’t have missed this train if you had taken a taxi.
84) What are you going to do tomorrow? If the weather is nice, we’ll go to the beach.
85) He won’t come if his sister isn’t better.
86) If he were not so absent-minded he wouldn’t have lost his books.
87) Even if he had passed the exam he wouldn’t have gone to the theatre with us.
88) We wouldn’t have gone to this shop if we had known the prices.
89) Alice wouldn’t give me such presents if she didn’t love me.
90) What would you buy if you were given a thousand dollars?
91) I wish all the tickets hadn’t been sold yet.
92) If I were you, I would have checked the facts before writing the letter.
93) You’ll see him together with Paula if you stay for some time.
94) You would have never entered the Historical Faculty if you didn’t like History.
95) I will be able to buy the books on condition you lend me some money.
96) I wish she could go to London with us.
97) You should have told him the truth. You wouldn’t have had such an unpleasantness.
98) If you listened to your father’s opinion, you wouldn’t have got into trouble.
99) I wish my parents saw this.
100) On condition my son studies well, I’ll buy him a new bicycle.
SEQUENCE OF TENSES AND REPORTED SPEECH