3. Задайте общий, расчлененный, специальные и по два альтер-нативных вопроса к следующим предложениям:

1. Ben`s car was left out in the rain last night.

2. A few months ago my friend moved to a new flat.

ТЕСТ

Выберите правильный общий вопрос к предложению:

1. His favourite subject is mathematics.

   1. His favourite subject is mathematics?

   2. Is his favourite subject mathematics?

   3. Does his favourite subject is mathematics?

2. Her friend always finished work at six p.m.

   1. Did her friend always finish work at six p.m.?

   2. Did her friend always finished work at six p.m.?

   3. Her friend always finished work at six p.m.?

3. Kate has found the keys at last.

   1. Kate has found the keys at last?

   2. Kate has found the keys at last, has she?

   3. Has Kate found the keys at last?

Выберите правильный вопрос к подчеркнутому слову или группе слов:

4. These boys usually get good marks.

   1. Who do usually get good marks?

   2. Who usually gets good marks?

   3. Who usually get good marks?

5. He woks hard on week-days.

   1. When he works hard?

   2. When does he work hard?

   3. When does he works hard?

6. The letter was sighed by the manager.

   1. Who was the letter signed by?

   2. Whom was the letter signed by?

   3. Who the letter was signed by?

Выберите нужное:

7. Mary’s parents invited some friends to their home , ____?

a. did they

b. didn’t they

c. don’t they

8. They won’t write this test tomorrow, _____?

a. will they

b. won’t they

c. aren’t they

Выберите правильный альтернативный вопрос:

9. Джейн пошла в кино или в библиотеку после занятий?

   1. Jane went to the cinema or to the library after classes?

   2. Did Jane went to the cinema or to the library after classes?

   3. Did Jane go to the cinema or to the library after classes?

10. Профессор знает три или четыре иностранных языка?

    1. Does the professor know three or four foreign languages?

    2. The professor knows three or four foreign languages?

    3. Does the professor knows three or four foreign languages?

Страдательный залог

Действительный и страдательный залоги в английском языке совпа-дают со значением соответствующих залогов в русском языке. Глагол в действительном залоге (Active Voice) показывает, что действие совершает лицо или предмет, выраженный подлежащим.

Не often asks questions. Он часто задаёт вопросы.

Глагол в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice) означает, что действие направлено на предмет или лицо, выраженное подлежащим.

Не is often asked questions. Ему часто задают вопросы.

Формы страдательного залога образуются при помощи глагола to be в соответствующей форме и Participle II (Причастие II) смыслового глагола.

	Present			Past			Future
Indefinite	I he(she) we(you, they)	am asked is asked are asked	I(he, she) we(you, they)		was asked were asked	I(we) he(she, you, they)		will be asked
Continuous	I he(she) we(you, they)	am being asked is being asked are being asked	I (he, she) we (you, they)		was being asked were being asked
Perfect	I, we, you, they he (she)	have been asked has been asked	I (he, she, we, you, they)		had been asked	I, we, he, she, you, they		will have been asked

Примеры.

Indefinite Passive (to be + Participle II)

1. The newspapers are delivered every morning. (Present Indefinite Passive) Газеты доставляются каждое утро.

2. This book was bought a month ago. (Past Indefinite Passive) Эта книга была куплена месяц назад.

3. The letter will be mailed tomorrow. (Future Indefinite Passive) Письмо будет оправлено завтра.

Continuous Passive (to be + being + Participle II).

1. The house is being repaired. (Present Continuous Passive) Дом ремонтируется.

1. When John was ill he was being taught at home. (Past Continuous Passive) Когда Джон болел, его обучали дома

2. Perfect Passive (to have + been + Participle II)

1. This letter has been brought by the secretary. (Present Perfect Passive) Секретарь принёс письмо. (Письмо принесено секретарём)

2. He decided to become a writer only when his first story had been published. (Past Perfect Passive) Он решил стать писателем, только когда его первый рассказ был напечатан.

3. By the 1st of July you will have passed the last exam. (Future Perfect Passive) К 1-му июля вы сдадите последний экзамен.

Сказуемое в страдательном залоге может переводиться на русский язык: а) кратким страдательным причастием; б) глаголом на -ся; в) неопре-делённо-личным глаголом.

The house is built. а) Дом построен. б) Дом строится. в) Дом строят.

Следует обратить особое внимание на перевод глаголов с предлогом в страдательном залоге. Наиболее распространённые из этих глаголов:

hear of – слышать о laugh at – смеяться над look after – присматривать за (кем-либо) look at – смотреть на rely on – полагаться на send for – посылать за speak of (about) – говорить о pay attention to – обращать внимание на take care of – заботиться о

The book is much spoken about. Об этой книге много говорят. He can't be relied on. На него нельзя положиться.

В русском переводе не все глаголы сохраняют предлог:

to listen to – слушать что-либо, кого-либо to look for – искать что-либо to provide for – обеспечить кого-либо, чем-либо to explain to – объяснять кому-либо

He was listened to with great attention. Его слушали с большим вни-манием.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense-form

1. This piece of music (know) to me. But it never (play) so wonderfully before. 2. When I came into the cinema, a new film (show). I was sorry that I (not, tell) about the show before and was late for the beginning as the end empressed me greatly. 3. It is raining and football (not, play). 4. The students (work) at the laboratory the whole evening yesterday. 5. Nick was late for the party, so when he came into the room all the guests (introduce) to each other, some of them (dance) and some (sing) in the next room. 6. The mother (tell) not to worry about her sick boy. He (examine) soon by the doctor. 7. We (discuss) the problem already when you came. 8. The weather changed for the worst. It (rain) heavily. The windows (break) by the strong wind. 9. When you come here in summer, their house (repair). 10. It's a very good class. It (teach) by Mr. Smith. 11. I (give) a kitten. It (call) Pussy, but my little sister (call) it Push. 12. I (introduce) to him last week but I am afraid I (not, recognize) him if I meet him again. 13. I (not, see) anything of Moscow yet.

ТЕСТ

1. We are constantly _________ told lies.

1. been

2. had

3. being

2. The coffee ________ usually ground in the mornings.

1. are

2. is

3. is being

3. By 1602 one of the mightiest defenses had _______.

1. completed

2. been completed

3. being completed

4. He _____ a present yesterday.

a) was given

b) is given

c) is gave

5. They will ______ the suit the whole month.

1. making

2. make

3. be making

6. You will _____ a lot of questions.

1. asked

2. being asked

3. be asked

7. My expectations were ______.

a) met

b) meeting

c) being met

7. The metro is still ______ built.

a) being

b) been

c) to be

7. Every family will have ______ with a separate home by the end of the century.

1. provided

2. been provided

3. being provided

7. They had been _____ him for 2 hours till he confessed.

1. interrogated

2. interrogating

3. interrogate

7. Many people _____ in road accidents every month.

1. is injured

2. are injuring

3. are injured

7. The game will _____ by all means.

1. won

2. be won

3. win