Exercises

1. Answer the following questions.

1) What kinds of services were sherriffs and investigative "juries" to provide?

2) How did sheriffs’ responsibilities change after the Norman Conquest who were they responsible to?

3) Who historically performed the British police functions? How were the former and the latter funded and why?

4) What change in subsidizing watchmen can be viewed as a shift to government control of the first law-enforcement agencies?

5) What language was the word “police” borrowed from? What institution did it apply to? Why was it disliked by the Britishers?

6) When and for what domestic law-enforcement organization did the Britishers start to use the word ”police”? What function was the Marine police to perform? What term designating “police” was and is more popular in Great Britain ?

7) What was the first professional police service to be established in Scotland?

8) What was the first official Irish law-enforcement body? What were the main responsibilities? What were the main ranks within the Royal Irish Constabulary administrative structure? Why was it a hard task to serve in the Royal Irish Constabulary?

9) What law-enforcement bodies had been performing policing in London until 1829? What were the legal implications of the Metropolitan Police Act? Who is considered to be the founder of the London Metropolitan Police?

10) How are the officers of the British police often referred to? What countries are believed to imitate their structure and code of behaviour? What function is believed to be primary for the police in Britain?

2. Say what these figures designate in the text.

1737 1828 1798 On June 30, 1800 8,600

1500 Prior to the 19th century since 1663 By 1841 10-mile

In 1829 1750 1714 1814 1822

3. Match the words from the left and right columns to get the word combinations from the text.

investigative law responsible for responsible to police private thief- to return pay quasi-professional publicly-salaried police foreign followed suit chief inspectors guard the streets unpaid keep

the king law and order stolen property watchmen forces the Queen's Peace enforcement juries takers restitution constables police constables oppression units general constables

4. Fill the gaps in these sentences with some word combinations from the table above:

1. The development of ________________ was much slower than in the rest of Europe.

2. The night watchmen and thief-takers had catch thives and make them _________________________or ______________________.

3. A _______________________ force was established after Macdaniel’s affair.

4. The word “police” was "disliked as a symbol of ______________________.

5. The Irish Constabulary Act established a force with __________________ and ______________________ under the control of the civil administration.

6. In London, night watchmen were the first paid _____________________ body in the country.

7. London night watchmen augmented the force of_______________________.

8. They________________________ the streets at night to prevent and to stop criminals from their activity.

9. The primary role of the police in Britain is keeping____________________________.