- •Introduction
- •1.1. Nouns.
- •1. 2. Articles. Indefinite article “a / An”. Definite article “The”.
- •1.3. Pronouns. Possessive adjectives.
- •1.4. Prepositions of time.
- •1.5. The verb “to be”.
- •1.6. Present Simple
- •1.8. Types of questions.
- •1.9. There is / there are.
- •1.10. Countable / Uncountable nouns.
- •1. 11. Some / any.
- •1. 12. Past simple.
- •2.1. Degrees of comparison.
- •2.2. A lot of / much / many a little / a few.
- •2.3. Present Continuous.
- •2.4. Present Simple versus Present Continuous.
- •2.5. The Future.
- •2. 6. Modals.
- •2.7. Present perfect.
- •Regular verb
- •Irregular verb
- •2. 8. Present Perfect versus Past Simple.
- •Irregular Verbs
- •Appendix.
- •1.1. Nouns.
- •1. 2. Articles. Indefinite article “a / An”. Definite article “The”.
- •1.3. Pronouns. Possessive adjectives.
- •1.4. Prepositions of time.
- •1.5. The verb “to be”.
- •1.6. Present Simple
- •1.8. Types of questions.
- •1.9. There is / there are.
- •1.10. Countable / Uncountable nouns.
- •1. 11. Some / any.
- •1. 12. Past simple.
- •2.1. Degrees of comparison.
- •2.2. A lot of / much / many a little / a few.
- •2.3. Present Continuous.
- •2.4. Present Simple versus Present Continuous.
- •2.5. The Future.
- •2. 6. Modals.
- •2.7. Present Perfect.
- •Regular verb
- •Irregular verb
- •2. 8. Present Perfect versus Past Simple.
- •Literature
- •83018, М. Донецьк-18, вул Васнєцова, 2а
1. 2. Articles. Indefinite article “a / An”. Definite article “The”.
Rule
We use the indefinite article a /an before singular countable nouns.
A + consonant A student A university A teacher |
An + vowel An apple An umbrella An ice-cream |
A |
The |
No article |
1. When we are talking about something for the first time.
A girl is in the room. |
1. When we are talking about something specific, for example when the noun is mentioned for the second time. We can answer the question “Who?” or “Which?” The girl is beautiful. |
1. With plural nouns when we talk about them in general. Computers are very useful. |
1. With singular countable nouns when we are talking about them in general. A dog is a friendly animal.
|
2. With nouns which are unique. The earth, the sky, the sun, etc.
|
2. Before proper nouns or possessive adjectives. Ann is from Zurich. Her husband is from Greece. |
2. With jobs. He is a student.
|
3. Before nationalities and names of families. The Chinese, the Italians, the Russians, The Ivanovs, The Browns. |
3. Before names of meals breakfast, lunch, dinner and sport tennis, football, etc. Football is very popular sport. |
4. When we want to say what something is. It is a table. |
4. Before morning, afternoon, evening. I go to the university in the morning. |
4. With school, bed, hospital, HOME I go to bed at 11 p.m. It’s time to go home. |
1.3. Pronouns. Possessive adjectives.
Personal Pronouns |
|||
Singular |
Plural |
Singular |
Plural |
Before verbs as subjects |
After verbs as objects |
||
I |
We |
Me |
Us |
You |
You |
You |
You |
He |
They |
Him |
Them |
She |
|
Her |
|
It |
|
It |
|
Possessive adjectives |
Possessive pronouns |
followed by nouns |
not followed by nouns |
My |
Mine |
Your |
Yours |
His / her / its |
His / hers /- |
Our |
Ours |
Your |
Yours |
Their |
Theirs |
1.4. Prepositions of time.
Rule.
We use prepositions of time to say when something happens, happened or will happen.
ON |
AT |
IN |
On Monday (days of the week) On New year’s day On 11th September (dates) On Tuesday evening |
At 10 o’clock (time) At Christmas (holidays) At Easter At the weekend At night At noon At midnight At present/ at the moment At the end of …(October) |
In September (months) In summer (seasons) In 2012 (years) In the XXII century In the evening / morning In a minute / in an hour In a week / a few days |
Rule.
We do not use the prepositions before:
This (this morning, this month)
Every (every day, every year)
Last (week, holiday)
Next (Friday, month)