- •3219 Методичні вказівки
- •Immunity
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Give the explanation of following terms:
- •2 Say what type of immunity is spoken about:
- •Organs of the Immune System
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Find in the text English equivalents for the following sentences:
- •2 Make up a dialogue.
- •3 Give the explanation of following terms:
- •4 Discuss the picture given in the text.
- •Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Answer the questions:
- •2 Respond to the following tasks:
- •Myths about hiv and aids
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Explain with your own words why myths about hiv are dangerous.
- •2 Say what group of myths is spoken about:
- •3 Look at the statements and say whether they are true or false. But don’t answer only «It’s true», or «It’s false», try to give your own explanation to the given statement.
- •Hiv Treatment
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Give full answer to given survey questions:
- •2 Respond to the following tasks:
- •3 Answer the following:
- •4 Find in the text English equivalents for following sentences:
- •Allergy
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Translate the following terms and use them in making sentences of your own:
- •2 Translate the following:
- •3 Respond to the given assignments:
- •Endocrine System
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Give the meaning of the following:
- •2 Choose the proper continuation:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •4 Give the explanation of following terms:
- •Endocrine System Disorders
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Respond to the following tasks:
- •2 Find in the text English equivalents for the following sentences:
- •3 Describe the symptoms of one of the endocrine system disorders for other students to guess.
- •4 Render the text Endocrine System Disorders.
- •Respiratory System
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Answer the questions:
- •2 Say what organ is spoken about:
- •Unit 10
- •Respiration
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Explain the mechanisms of inhalation and exhalation using the picture given in the text.
- •2 Respond to the following tasks:
- •Unit 11
- •Respiratory System Disorders
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Give the explanation of following terms:
- •2 Match the definition of the disease in column I with the name of the disease in column II:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 12
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Match the definition of the disease in column I with the name of the disease in column II:
- •2 What myths about asthma do you know? Try to disprove them. Unit 13
- •Nervous System
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Answer the questions:
- •2 Retell the stages of neurotransmittion using the picture given in the text. Unit 14
- •Nervous System Disorders
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Match the definition of the disease in column I with the name of the disease in column II:
- •2 Translate the following:
- •Unit 15
- •The Brain
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Say what part of brain is spoken about:
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 16
- •Human Sense Organs
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Translate the following:
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •Unit 17
- •The Human Eye
- •Visual purple
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Describe the structure of the human eye using the picture in the text.
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 18
- •The Human Ear
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Describe the structure of the human ear using the picture in the text.
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 19
- •The Human Skin
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Describe the structure of the human skin using the picture in the text.
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 20
- •Dermatitis
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Match the definition of the disease in column I with the name of the disease in column II:
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Список літератури
- •Методичні вказівки
Post-text assignments
1 Answer the questions:
1 What is AIDS?
2 When were the first diagnoses of AIDS made?
3 Who was the first to find out the cause of AIDS?
4 What strains of HIV do you know? What are they?
5 What strain of HIV is called a plague of 20-th century?
6 How many periods are there in AIDS flow?
7 What are the ways of getting AIDS virus into human body?
8 How long can the hidden period of AIDS last?
9 What rules should one follow to reduce the risk of being infected with AIDS?
2 Respond to the following tasks:
1 Describe the effects of retrovirus using HIV as an example.
2 Explain what virus is called dormant. Characterize the latency period.
3 Describe the diseases that accompany AIDS.
4 Describe the ways of spreading HIV.
5 Describe the basic precautions to be followed to prevent the infection of HIV.
3 Complete the following sentences with research information concerning the AIDS. Use the construction «to be + infinitive». The verbs to be used are given in brackets:
1 The purpose of my study … (to investigate).
2 The aim of my present research … (to study).
3 The aim of our work … (to understand).
4 The purpose of this paper … (to describe).
5 The aim of my report … (to show).
Unit 4
Pre-text assignment
Learn the key words and phrases:
myth, solid scientific proof, antiretroviral, viral load, the combined accuracy, monogamous relationship.
Myths about hiv and aids
There are many myths about HIV. A myth is a story or an idea that is not true. In dealing with HIV, it's important to know reality from myth. Believing myths can result in fear, in denial, and even in damage to your health.
Myths about HIV and HIV treatment
The myth: «HIV doesn't cause AIDS».
The reality: If you don't have HIV, you don't get AIDS. If you have AIDS, you have HIV. Over 20 years of solid scientific proof have verified this. AIDS is not caused by party drugs, government conspiracies, or anything else but the HIV virus.
The myth: «It's not AIDS that kills people; it's the medicines they take!»
The reality: HIV medications, known as antiretrovirals, don't cure HIV, but they can help keep people healthy for many years. People died from AIDS before antiretrovirals became available. Since combination drug therapy for HIV was begun in 1996, the average life expectancy for HIV-positive people has increased. In addition, death rates for HIV-positive people who receive combination antiretroviral treatment have dropped. Unfortunately, the HIV drugs do have side effects and toxicity (for some people) that can be life-threatening in very rare cases. The good news is that many of the newer HIV medications have fewer side effects and are easier to take.
Myths about HIV tests
The myth: «The 'AIDS test' can't be trusted.»
The reality: The 'AIDS test' measures HIV antibodies. If you are infected, your immune system will make antibodies against HIV. The HIV antibody test (called ELISA or EIA) is one of the most reliable medical tests. Before you get the results, the test has usually been done two or more times. Before a positive antibody test result is reported, it is confirmed by another test called a Western Blot. According to the CDC, the combined accuracy of the antibody test plus the Western Blot is greater than 99 percent.
The myth: «Viral load tests don't really tell anything about a person's health»
The reality: Viral load measures the amount of HIV in a person's blood. Many studies have shown that people with high viral loads are much more likely to become ill or die than those with low viral loads.
Myths about HIV transmission
The meth: «Straight people don't get HIV».
The reality: The majority of HIV-positive people worldwide are straight (heterosexual). Men infect women, and women infect men. Risk is not about labels, it is about behavior. Any person who has unprotected sex with someone whose HIV status is not definitely known is at risk for HIV.
The myth: «I'm safe because I'm in a monogamous relationship (or married) ».
The reality: Were you tested for HIV before you got into the relationship? Was your partner? Were both tests negative? And do you spend 24 hours a day together? If you're faithful, but he or she is not, or he or she was already HIV positive before you met, you can still get HIV.
The myth: «HIV can be spread through tears, sweat, mosquitoes, pools, or casual contact».
The reality: HIV can only be transmitted through infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The most common ways for HIV to be transmitted are through unprotected sexual contact and/or sharing needles with an HIV-positive person. HIV can also be passed from mother to baby during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.
The following «bodily fluids» are NOT infectious:
tears;
sweat;
saliva;
urine;
feces.
Casual contact is not considered risky because it does not include contact with blood or other infectious body fluids. Examples of casual contact include: social kissing, public venues (pools, theaters, and bathrooms), sharing drinks or eating utensils, etc. Insect bites do not transmit HIV.
Myths about HIV are very dangerous. They can cause you to be afraid of something that is not dangerous. And they can make you feel like something is not dangerous when it really is!