- •3219 Методичні вказівки
- •Immunity
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Give the explanation of following terms:
- •2 Say what type of immunity is spoken about:
- •Organs of the Immune System
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Find in the text English equivalents for the following sentences:
- •2 Make up a dialogue.
- •3 Give the explanation of following terms:
- •4 Discuss the picture given in the text.
- •Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Answer the questions:
- •2 Respond to the following tasks:
- •Myths about hiv and aids
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Explain with your own words why myths about hiv are dangerous.
- •2 Say what group of myths is spoken about:
- •3 Look at the statements and say whether they are true or false. But don’t answer only «It’s true», or «It’s false», try to give your own explanation to the given statement.
- •Hiv Treatment
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Give full answer to given survey questions:
- •2 Respond to the following tasks:
- •3 Answer the following:
- •4 Find in the text English equivalents for following sentences:
- •Allergy
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Translate the following terms and use them in making sentences of your own:
- •2 Translate the following:
- •3 Respond to the given assignments:
- •Endocrine System
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Give the meaning of the following:
- •2 Choose the proper continuation:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •4 Give the explanation of following terms:
- •Endocrine System Disorders
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Respond to the following tasks:
- •2 Find in the text English equivalents for the following sentences:
- •3 Describe the symptoms of one of the endocrine system disorders for other students to guess.
- •4 Render the text Endocrine System Disorders.
- •Respiratory System
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Answer the questions:
- •2 Say what organ is spoken about:
- •Unit 10
- •Respiration
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Explain the mechanisms of inhalation and exhalation using the picture given in the text.
- •2 Respond to the following tasks:
- •Unit 11
- •Respiratory System Disorders
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Give the explanation of following terms:
- •2 Match the definition of the disease in column I with the name of the disease in column II:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 12
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Match the definition of the disease in column I with the name of the disease in column II:
- •2 What myths about asthma do you know? Try to disprove them. Unit 13
- •Nervous System
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Answer the questions:
- •2 Retell the stages of neurotransmittion using the picture given in the text. Unit 14
- •Nervous System Disorders
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Match the definition of the disease in column I with the name of the disease in column II:
- •2 Translate the following:
- •Unit 15
- •The Brain
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Say what part of brain is spoken about:
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 16
- •Human Sense Organs
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Translate the following:
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •Unit 17
- •The Human Eye
- •Visual purple
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Describe the structure of the human eye using the picture in the text.
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 18
- •The Human Ear
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Describe the structure of the human ear using the picture in the text.
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 19
- •The Human Skin
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Describe the structure of the human skin using the picture in the text.
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Unit 20
- •Dermatitis
- •Post-text assignments
- •1 Match the definition of the disease in column I with the name of the disease in column II:
- •2 Answer the questions:
- •3 Translate the following:
- •Список літератури
- •Методичні вказівки
Post-text assignments
1 Explain the mechanisms of inhalation and exhalation using the picture given in the text.
2 Respond to the following tasks:
1 What is the nasal breathing? What are the benefits of nasal breathing compared to the mouth breathing?
2 Think about the advantages of mouth breathing. Name at least three advantages.
3 What is an apnea? Can it be voluntary achieved?
Unit 11
Pre-text assignment
Learn the key words and phrases:
hoarseness, acute inflammation, purulent tonsils, crackles, wheezes, sufficient nutrients, life expectancy.
Respiratory System Disorders
There are various disorders that can affect the respiratory system. This guide is a breakdown of some of the most common disorders. Cancer of the larynx is mostly seen in people that are older than 60 years of age. There is a correlation between heavy alcohol use and tobacco use in patients diagnosed with cancer of the larynx. The signs and symptoms of larynx cancer include increased hoarseness, hoarseness that lasts more than 2 weeks, dyspnea and dysphasia. Tonsillitis is the acute inflammation of the tonsils, usually strep. The signs and symptoms of tonsillitis are sore throat, fever, malaise, anorexia, enlarged purulent tonsils and the lymph glands of the neck are either enlarged or tender.
Acute bronchitis is usually caused by an upper respiratory infection. The inflammation of the bronchial tree and the trachea cause the congestion of secretions that are very thick are retained in the bronchi. The signs and symptoms of acute bronchitis are coughing, malaise, headache and wheezes or basilar crackles. Legionnaire's disease is caused by the legionella pneumophila. The legionella pneumophila thrive in moist reservoirs and can take on two forms, either influenza or legionnaire's disease. The later is life threatening pneumonia with alveoli necrosis. Legionnaire's disease progresses rapidly and results in respiratory failure, bacteremic shock and even death. The signs and symptoms include dyspnea, headache, chest pain upon inspiration, temperature over 102 F, nonproductive cough with difficulty, rapid breathing, crackles or wheezes, possible hematuria if includes renal impairment. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by coronavirus, it is spread by close contact via air droplets it may also spread by indirect contact. The signs and symptoms of SARS include headache, fever greater then 100.4 F, generalized discomfort, mild respiratory symptoms, muscle aches, may experience a dry cough, dyspnea and hypoxia.
Tuberculosis is the chronic infection most commonly affecting the lungs, but it may also affect other bodily organs. Tuberculosis is caused by the tubercle bacillus and is usually inhaled by coughing or sneezing of a virulent person. Tuberculosis destroys alveoli and is most commonly seen in HIV patients. The signs and symptoms include night sweats, muscle fatigue, hemoptysis, cough, malaise, and daily recurring fever with chills.
Pneumonia is the infection of the respiratory tract and alveoli; it's a communicable disease and can occur anytime but is more commonly seen during fall and winter months. Some patients with respiratory problems, COPD, trachs, and recent anesthesia are more susceptible.
Pneumonia is caused by bacteria, fungus, virus or chemicals.
Pneumonia develops from foreign particles or chemicals that become trapped in the lungs. Signs and symptoms of pneumonia include productive cough, fever, chest pain, painful cough, chills, and sputum characteristics.
Lung cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer for men and women. It can be particularly aggressive and is a common cause of death. Smoking is the major cause of lung cancer and risk increases by the amount of cigarettes a person has per day and the length of time the person has been smoking (i.e., how many years). Non-smokers are also at risk and pollution, radiation and exposure to asbestos increases this risk.
Lung cancers usually develop in the epithelium of airways, and the first signs of it are usually secondary growths in bones, liver or the brain. Treatment for lung cancer may be surgery to remove the cancer, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Treatment is available for sufferers who have been diagnosed early, and are at stage 1 or stage 2.
If diagnosed when the cancer is at stage 3 or stage 4, treatments will be used for pain relief and quality of life rather than cure.
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disorder caused by a defective gene. The disease causes mucous secretions to become thick, which interferes with the normal function of the airways. Pancreas and liver secretions can also be affected, causing ducts leading to the digestive tract to become blocked, thus not able to absorb sufficient nutrients.
Cystic fibrosis is usually evident in infancy or childhood and there is no cure. Symptoms can be treated with breathing and dietary treatments, but life expectancy is short for sufferers. Due to variables, such as the severity of the disease and the person’s overall health, it is not possible to determine a person’s life expectancy accurately, however, in the United States, more than 45 % of suffers live until over 18 years, and in 2008 the median predicted age of survival was raised from 32 years to 37.4 years. With advancements in treatments, this expected life span could rise further.