Vocabulary

Read the definitions below and find the appropriate words and expressions from the text that you've just read. The numbers of paragraphs are given in brackets. Then translate the expressions you've found from English into your target language.

1. To take (someone) away illegally by force or deception; kidnap someone (verb) (Par. 1).

2. a person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death (noun) (Par. 2).

3. achieve a particular hight price when sold (verb expression) (Par. 2).

4. an organized group of criminals (noun( (Par. 3).

5. to decipher a secret organization, to find and identify a secret group including all its members (verb) (Par. 3)

6. a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action; a person who is tricked or duped (noun) (Par. 4).

Translation 1

Practicing lexical and semantic methods of translation: read theses sentences below and perform their sight translation form English into Russian. Note that all the sentences contain polysemous words so in most cases you'll need to apply lexical substitutions like specification, generalization, antonyms or other.

Facility

1. The college has excellent research facilities.

2. The phone is equipped with a call-back facility.

3. There was also fierce local opposition in June to plans to build the world's largest nuclear waste facility near Krasnoyarsk.

4. The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.

5. Excuse me, I have to use the facilities.

Challenge

1. The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years.

2. I relish the challenge of rebuilding the club.

3. I like the challenge of learning new things.

4. In grade school, Clint was a real challenge to all of his teachers.

5. The President faces a strong challenge from nationalists.

Performance

1. Its performance on mountain roads was impressive.

2. This is due to the disappointing performance of the bond market.

3. The new programme will better evaluate the performance of students and teachers.

4. Targets may be set for any parameter that can be measured as the project proceeds, such as cost and performance.

5. Three criteria have been chosen, attempting to measure the most important attributes of company performance over the year.

Record

1. As an employee, his record is outstanding.

2. It (HMB) has a great track record of managing hospitals.

3. Medical records are now kept on computers.

4. The department has a long record of high achievement.

5. The industry's record on conservation is nor very impressive.

Commitment

1. Lawrence promised full commitment in his drive to make Santa Barbara College the most successful school in the region.

2. Many parents do not get involved in school because they have too many other commitments.

3. Marriage should be a lifelong commitment.

4. The US President expressed America's commitment to Africa's economic development.

5. The country is hoping for a commitment of $25 million in aid.

6. The governor has a strong commitment to creating jobs in the state.

To fail

1. "How did Chris do in his driving test?" – He failed.

2. A very high percentage of small businesses fail within their first year.

3. Across the state, corn crops failed due to the drought.

4. If they were trying to put us out of business, they failed completely.

5. If your marriage fails, it can be difficult to make a new start in life.

To challenge

1. Billboard companies say they will challenge the new law in court.

2. Guards were ordered to challenge anyone entering the building.

3. He's a good choir director – he really challenges us.

4. Many doctors have challenged the accuracy of his findings.

5. I'm really at my best when I'm challenged.

To commit

1. But she is not committed to this place anymore.

2. The judge committed him to prison for 6 months.

3. She committed herself to the work of God.

4. The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs.

5. They have no evidence a crime was committed.

Translation 2

Read and translate the following abstract, noting the multi-meaning verb to "show". Note that in most cases you'll need to apply various lexical substitution techniques in order to translate adequately and avoid ambiguity.

Comparisons between "Foreign-Talk" and the "Talk to the deaf" show that they are the outcome of the speakers' cooperative strategies to control conversational disruptions caused by specific impairments in addresses. The analysis in terms of "simplified register" proposed by Ferguson is shown to be ethnocentric view of FT coinciding with third party perception.

Comparisons between experienced and inexperienced professionals show that FT and DEFT are not "ready-made" solutions. Comparisons between English and French FT show that interactional disruptions caused by non-talkers affect the form of turns in the same way independently of the language of the dominant speaker.

The timing and the distribution of pauses in FT are shown to be the collaborative work of both participants over reference. (Esch, Edith Marie. Native\Non-native Interaction: Foreign Talk. – Open University UK).