
- •081100 «Государственное и муниципальное управление»,
- •190600 «Эксплуатация транспортных
- •081100 «Государственное и муниципальное управление»,
- •190600 «Эксплуатация транспортных
- •Брянск 2011
- •Рецензент:
- •Contents
- •Business letter layout
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations:
- •Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations and translate them into Russian.
- •IV. Read, translate and discuss the following.
- •100 South Road
- •Inside address
- •Inside address
- •V. Read and translate the text.
- •10 February, 2012 or
- •Inside address
- •18 Hill Street
- •Fully blocked letter layout
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Give the correct salutation and complimentary close in each case.
- •VIII. Find mistakes in the layout of the letter. This letter should have been written in fully blocked style.
- •IX. Lay out the following parts of the letter according to the rules you have studied.
- •X. Lay the letter out mentioning the following.
- •XI. How would you start your letter in the following situations? Give opening and closing salutations as well.
- •Unit II
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Lean the following words and word combinations:
- •III. Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations and translate them into Russian.
- •Match the following words with their definitions.
- •V. Read and translate the text.
- •VI. Complete the following sentences and translate them into Russian.
- •VII. Compare:
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •X. Study the notes, writing patterns.
- •XI. Rewrite the following extracts from business letters as e-mails using the words and expressions in the box.
- •XII. Make the message below simpler and clearer by deleting as many unnecessary words as possible without changing the meaning.
- •Business contacts 1
- •Introducing a firm, a service, a product
- •Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •Read, translate and discuss the following letter.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •Read, translate and discuss the following letter.
- •Introducing a firm Oilprom Co.
- •288 Kirov St., Moscow, rf
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •IX. Read, translate and discuss the following letter.
- •B ritish petrochemicals
- •12 Richmond Park
- •X. Answer the following questions.
- •XI. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •XII. Read, translate and discuss the following letter.
- •Introducing a firm and requesting assistance Monster Trucks Inc.
- •420.12 Street, Toronto, 72045, Canada
- •XIV. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •XV. Read, translate and discuss the following letter.
- •The Trade Bureau
- •XVI. Answer the following questions.
- •XVII. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •XVIII. Read, translate and discuss the following letter.
- •Introducing a company and promoting a new service
- •Instant Internet Solutions Ltd.
- •12 Flinton Street,
- •XIX. Answer the following questions.
- •XX. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •XXI. Read, translate and discuss the following letter.
- •New Technologies
- •57 Zhitnaya St., Moscow, Russia
- •XXII. Answer the following questions.
- •XXIII. Study the notes and writing patterns.
- •In private - наедине, конфиденциально
- •XXIV. Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations.
- •XXV. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations. Use the appropriate tense form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XXVI. Fill in the gaps with prepositions/particles where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XXVII. Letters to make up.
- •XXVIII. Role play.
- •Business contacts 2 exhibitions and conferences
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •III. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Invitation to an exhibition
- •V. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •VI. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •VII. Answer the following question.
- •VIII. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •IX. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •J.Sinclare management centre
- •600 Grand Street, London, w1n 9uz tel. (212)324 5674, http://www.Sinclarecenter.Com
- •XIII. Answer the following questions.
- •XIV. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •XV. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Mirelli s.P.A.
- •Via Gentile 182, I-70100 Bari
- •XVI. Answer the following questions.
- •XVII. Study the notes and writing patterns.
- •1. To have pleasure in doing smth/to have the pleasure of doing smth
- •XVIII. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations. Use the appropriate tense form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XIX. Fill in the gaps with prepositions/particles where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XX. Letters to make up.
- •XXI. Role play.
- •Business contacts 3
- •Initiating a deal
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •Read, translate discuss the letter.
- •International computing services plc
- •47 City Road, London ec3 4hj
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Learn the following words and word combinations.
- •VI. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Visit confirmation s.A. Importers Ltd.
- •Learn the following words and word combinations.
- •Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •International computing services plc
- •47 City Road, London ec3 4hj
- •Answer the following questions.
- •X. Learn the following words and word combinations.
- •Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •G. Wood and sons
- •36 Castle Street, Bristol bs1 2bq
- •Http:// www.Wooddies.Com
- •XII. Answer the following questions.
- •XIII. Learn the following words and word combinations.
- •XIV. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Johnson developers ltd.
- •112 Kingsway, Liverpool l20 6hJ
- •XV. Answer the following questions.
- •XVI. Study the notes and writing patterns.
- •XVII. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations.
- •XVIII. Fill in the gaps with prepositions/particles where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XIX. Letters to make up.
- •Enquiries and replies to enquiries
- •Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •Read and discuss the lead-in and the letter.
- •Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations:
- •Read, translate and discuss the following lead-in.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations.
- •Read, translate and discuss the following letter.
- •XI. Answer the following questions.
- •XII. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •XIII. Read, translate and discuss the following lead-in and the letter.
- •XIV. Answer the following questions.
- •XV. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •XVI. Read, translate and discuss the following lead-in and the letter.
- •XVII. Answer the following questions.
- •XVIII. Study the writing patterns.
- •XIX. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations. Use the appropriate tense form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XXI. Letters to make up.
- •XXII. Role play.
- •General conditions of sale
- •Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Learn the following words and word combinations by heart.
- •III. Read, translate and discuss the following.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Study the notes and writing patterns.
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations. Use the appropriate tense form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Fill in the gaps with prepositions/ particles where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Letters to make up.
- •IX. Role play.
- •Unit VIII export contracts. Correspondence relating to export contracts
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Rosexportneft
- •11 Mytnaya St., Moscow, Russia
- •Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Super Oil Inc.
- •1740 West End Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60624, usa
- •Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •VIII. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Rosmashexport
- •13 Suschevskij val, Moscow
- •V.Sidorov
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •X. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Zao elkom-una
- •145 Lenin Avenue, Moscow, Russia
- •XI. Answer the following questions.
- •XII. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart:
- •XII. Read, translate and discuss the letter.
- •Rosintegral
- •Victor Suchov
- •XIV. Study the following writing patterns.
- •XV. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations. Use the appropriate tense form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XVI. Fill in the gaps with prepositions/particles where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XVII. Letters to make up.
- •XVIII. Role play.
- •Unit IX
- •Import contracts general conditions of delivery
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •III. Find synonyms to the following words and word combinations.
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Read and discuss the following information
- •1. Basis and volume of delivery
- •2. Packing and marking
- •3. Shipment
- •4. Sanctions
- •5. Guarantee
- •6. Export licence
- •7. Inspection and tests
- •8. General provisions
- •VII. Answer the following questions.
- •VIII. Study the writing patterns.
- •IX. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations. Use the appropriate tense form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •X. Fill in the gaps with prepositions/particles where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •XI. Letters to make up.
- •XII. Role play.
- •Unit X claims and complaints
- •I. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Read and discus the lead-in and the Arbitration Clause.
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Study the notes and writing patterns.
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with one of the following words or word combinations. Use the appropriate tense form. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Fill in the gaps with prepositions/particles where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VIII. Letters to make up.
- •Role play.
- •Список использованной литературы
- •Английский язык учебно-методическое пособие
- •081100 «Государственное и муниципальное управление»,
- •080100 «Экономика предприятий и организаций»,
- •190600 «Эксплуатация транспортных
Inside address
The name and the address of the firm written to should be typed on the left against the margin. You do not have to indicate the name of the person you are writing to in the inside address.
Messrs., an abbreviation for Messieurs, the French word for Gentlemen is used mostly when a partnership (usually the name of firm consists of family names) is being addressed.
For example: Messrs. Wilson and Spencer
18 Hill Street
London W1M 5RN
The address should be written in the following way:
1.The addressee’s name (not necessary) |
Mr. A.J. Fisher |
2. The name of the firm |
Great Furniture Ltd. |
3. The building number, the name of the street |
18 Hill Street |
4. The name of the town or city*, post code |
London W1M 5RN |
5. Country |
Great Britain |
Note: If you are writing a letter to a non-English speaking country care should be taken to keep the address of the addressee absolutely identical to that given to you by your partner.
ATTENTION LINE
When you address your letter to an individual the attention line can be typed after the address, but it is rarely used.
* In case of large towns and cities in the United Kingdom the name of the country is not required. When the firm addressed is situated in a smaller town, the country name is necessary. If you are writing a letter to the United States the state name after the name of the town or city is essential.
OPENING SALUTATION
Below the inside address double space is left and opening salutation is typed against the left-hand margin. There are several types of opening salutation:
Dear Sirs |
-to a company |
Dear Sir |
-to a man if you do not know his name |
Dear Madam |
-to a woman if you do not know her name |
Dear Sir or Madam |
-to a person if you know neither the name, nor sex |
Dear Mr. Green |
-to a man |
Dear Mrs. Green |
-to a married woman |
Dear Miss Green |
-to an unmarried woman |
Dear Ms. Green |
-to a married or unmarried woman |
Dear Peter |
-to a friend or someone you know well |
Gentlemen: |
-the most common salutation in the United States |
Note: It is wrong to open a letter with «Dear Mr Peter Green» or «Dear Mr Peter »
SUBJECT LINE
Subject line or subject heading appears below the opening salutation and says what the letter is about. It is helpful but not necessary.
BODY OF THE LETTER
A question frequently asked is: «How long should a good letter be?» The answer is: «As long as it is necessary to say what has to be said». The manner of interpreting this varies with the writer, and also with the nationality of the writer and, of course, it depends on the subject of the letter. It is a question of how much information you put in the letter. Your letter should be neither too long nor too short. The right length includes the right amount of information. Still it is better to include too much information than too little.
As well as containing the right amount of information, your letter should also make all the necessary points in a logical sequence, with each idea or piece of information linking up with the previous one in a pattern than can be followed.
The way to get the right amount of information in your letter, and to get it in right order, is by planning your letter in advance. This four point plan provides a useful but simple framework for structuring all business communications:
1. |
Introduction (Background and Basics) |
Why are you writing? Refer to a previous letter, contact or document. |
2. |
Details (Facts and Figures) |
Give instructions Ask for information Provide all relevant details Separate into paragraphs for separate themes Ensure a logical flow |
3. |
Response? Action? |
What action is necessary by the recipient? What action will you take? A conclusion |
4. |
Close |
A simple, relevant closing sentence is all that is often necessary
|
The first sentence or paragraph of a letter is an important one since it sets the tone of the letter and gives your reader his first impression of you and your company. Generally speaking, in the first paragraph you will thank your correspondent for his letter (if replying), introduce yourself and your company if necessary, state the subject of the letter, and set out the purpose of the letter.
Here are some ways to begin a letter:
We are writing to enquire about… Настоящим просим сообщить о… Нас интересует информация о… |
|
We are writing in connection with… Мы обращаемся к Вам в связи с… |
|
We are interested in… and we would like to know… Мы заинтересованы в… и хотели бы узнать… |
|
Thanks you for your letter of (date), Благодарим Вас за Ваше письмо от… We have received your letter of ( date), Мы получили Ваше письмо от…
|
asking if… enquiring about… в котором была выражена просьба… enclosing… содержащее… concerning… касающееся… |
In reply to your letter dated (date) we… В ответ на ваше письмо от…, мы… |
|
We acknowledge receipt of your letter dated (date)… Подтверждаем получение Вашего письма от… |
Middle paragraphs are the main part of your letter and will concern the points that need to be made, answers you wish to give, or questions you want to ask. It is in the middle paragraphs of the letter that planning is most important, to make sure that your points are made clearly, fully and in a logical sequence.
When closing the letter, your should thank the person for writing, if your letter is a reply and if you have not done so at the beginning. Encourage further enquiries or correspondence and mention that you look forward to hearing from your correspondent soon.
Here are some ways to end a letter:
We look forward to hearing from you soon. Мы рассчитываем получить от Вас ответ в ближайшее время. |
We look forward to receiving your reply/order/products/etc. С нетерпением ждем (рассчитываем на получение) от Вас ответа/заказа/товаров и т.д. |
Pleasу acknowledge receipt. Пожалуйста, подтвердите получение. |
Your soonest reply will be appreciated. Мы будем благодарны за скорейший ответ. Мы хотели получить Ваш ответ как можно скорее. |
We hope that this information will help you. Надеемся, что эта информация Вам поможет. |
Please do not hesitate/feel free to contact us if you need any further information. Пожалуйста, без колебаний обращайтесь к нам для получения дополнительной информации. |
We hope to heat from you soon. Надеемся на получение Вашего скорого ответа. В ожидании Вашего скорого ответа. |
Commercial correspondence often suffers from an old-fashioned, pompous style of English, which complicates the message and gives the reader the feeling that he is reading a language he does not understand. Your style should not, however, be so simple that it becomes discourteous. It is important to try to get the right “tone” in your letter. This means that you should aim for a neutral tone, avoiding pompous language on the one hand and informal or colloquial language on the other hand.
Abbreviations can be useful because they are quick to write and easy to read. Both parties need to know what the abbreviations stand for. If you are not absolutely sure that an abbreviation will be easily recognized, do not use it. And you should remember that contractions of auxiliary verbs are not allowed.
WE’LL (WRONG) = WE SHALL (RIGHT)
THEY’VE (WRONG) =THEY HAVE (RIGHT)
CAN’T (WRONG) = CANNOT (RIGHT)
CLOSING SALUTATION
Closing salutation or complimentary close depends on opening salutation you used.
Dear Sirs Dear Sir Dear Madam Dear Sir or Madam |
-Yours faithfully/Faithfully yours |
Dear Mr Green Dear Mrs Green Dear Miss Green Dear Ms Green |
-Yours sincerely/Sincerely yours |
Dear Peter |
-Best wishes OR Yours sincerely/Sincerely yours
|
Gentlemen: |
-Truly yours OR Yours faithfully/Faithfully yours
|
SIGNATURE
Signature is put under the complimentary close. The name of the person signing the letter is typed below the space left for the signature and it is followed on the next line by his or her position in the company or by the name of the department he or she represents.
Sometimesp. p. or «for» signatures are used. P.P. or «per pro» (lat .per procurationem) means «in the place of/for and on behalf of», «p.p.» or «for» should be put immediately before the typed name of the employee responsible for the letter.
ENCLOSURES
If there are any enclosures with the letter they should be mentioned in the body of the letter and abbreviation «Enc.» («Encs.», «Encl.», «Encls.») should be typed against the left-hand margin at the bottom of the letter.