1. Наречие (the adverb)*

*Наречие – часть речи, указывающая на признак действия предмета или на различные обстоятельства, при которых протекает это действие

Рис. 11. Классификация наречий

7.1. Степени сравнения наречий (Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs)

Форма наречий	Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
1	2	3	4
1. Односложные (+ early рано)	e.g. fast быстро e.g. late поздно e.g. early рано	Основная формула Adv + er faster быстрее later позднее earlier раньше	Основная формула the Adv + est the fastest быстрее всего the latest позднее всего the earliest раньше всего
2. Образован-ные от прила-гательных при помощи суффикса – ly	e.g. easily легко e.g. clearly ясно	Основная формула more + Adv more easily легче more clearly	Основная формула the most + Adv the most easily легче всего the most clearly яснее всего
1	2	3	4
3. Often quickly slowly имеют две формы в сравнительной / превосходной степенях	e.g. often часто e.g. quickly быстро e.g. slowly медленно	Основная формула Adv + er = more + Adv оftener / more often чаще quicker / more quickly быстрее slower / more slowly медленнее	Основная формула Adv + est = the most + Adv the oftenest / the most often чаще всего the quickest / the most quickly быстрее всего the slowest / the most slowly медленнее всего
4. Исключения	e.g. well хорошо e.g. badly плохо e.g. little мало e.g. much много e.g. far далеко	better лучше worse хуже less меньше more больше farther [‘fa:ðə] дальше further [‘fɜ:ðə] больше	the best лучше всего the worst хуже всего the least меньше всего the most больше всего the farthest [‘fa:ðəst] дальше всего the furthest [‘fɜ:ðəst] больше всего
N.B! Наречия места here здесь there там; времени now теперь then тогда/как always всегда sometimes иногда и т.д. образа действия thus таким образом степеней сравнения не имеют

Упражнение 20. Закончите предложения наречиями в нужной форме:

1. It is foggy in but the weather is getting … . (bad)

   1. bader b) worse c) badest

2. The double-decker is OK, but a taxi is … . (fast)

a) faster b) more faster c) the fastest

3. The Welsh look … on St. David’s Day*. (happy)

   1. happer b) happier c) more happer

4. I was glad to visit the performances of the Covent Garden*. (lately)

   1. more lately b) lately c) latelier

5. Sam has … been the most intelligent pupil in the class. (always)

   1. the always b) always c) more always

6. You’d … get acquainted with the most valuable pictures in the Tate Gallery* (good).

   1. gooder b) better c) more good

7. We can be late for concert in Albert Hall*. We should drive … . (fast)

   1. faster b) fastier c) more faster

8. He made the task … than the other students in the group. (quickly)

   1. more quickly b) quickly c) quickest

9. These facts about Britain’s history need additional research. Please, give me … information. (far)

   1. farer b) farther c) further

10. He … entered Oxford University*, one of the oldest universities in the UK and in Europe. (easy)

    1. more easy b) easily c) most easy

* См.: Раздел V Иллюстрированный глоссарий «Социокультурной портрет Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии»

У пражнение 21. Выберите правильный вариант:

1 British dress is a Scottish kilt*. The kilt is a skirt for 2 men. It is a pleated skirt that reaches to the knees. The 3 pattern of the tartan, the checked fabric from which the national Scottish dress is made, represents the family clan a person is from. 4 than that, there are tartans which can be used as 5 signs of districts, schools etc.

Many people think that Scottish men wear their 6 kilts every day. It is 7 mistake! Kilts are worn traditionally on 8 formal occasions such as weddings, holidays or dancing. But there are people who like wearing national costumes 9. Depending on occasion a kilt may be worn with different accessories such as a belt, a jacket, a plumed bonnet, special shoes, a tartan plaid or a sporran.

During the First World War Scottish soldiers still wore kilts. Well-known for their bravery they terrified the enemy by their fierce attacks as well as by their brightly coloured «skirts». The Germans called them «witches». The only problem was that the Germans could often see them from a long way away because of the bright colours that are often used in tartan. So what did the Scottish do? They started wearing a khaki kilt over their «coloured» ones!

Now the kilt is regarded as a traditional item of 10 Scottish culture. It varies in forms and types. For example, Irish kilts, Welsh kilts, Northumbrian kilts are known. In fact, there is no English national dress. Socks, shoes, a tie, a kilt are included into the clothing of the Highlander.

Welsh clothes are the same as English. On holidays Welch women wear red cloaks, long black skirts, aprons, high black hats. Men don’t have a national costume.

____________________________________________________________________

* См.: Раздел V Иллюстрированный глоссарий «Социокультурной портрет Великобритании»

I t is a pleated skirt that reaches to the knees. Это юбка в складку до колен.

А checked fabric ткань в клетку

А clan клан / род в Шотландии

A belt пояс

A jacket куртка, жакет

A plumed bonnet мужская шапочка темно-фиолетового цвета

A sporran кожаная сумка-мешок мехом наружу, часть костюма шотландского горца

A highlander шотландский горец

A tartan plaid плед из шотландки

А cloak плащ

Аn apron фартук / передник

А witch колдун

1 .a) Most traditional b) The most traditional c) The traditionalеst

1. a) Scottish b) Scottisher c) Scottishest

2. a) particularer b) particular c) particularest

3. a) much b) more c) mucher

4. a) gooder b) the best c) the goodest

5. a) colourful b) more colourful c) the most colourful

6. a) an obvious b) more obvious c) the most obvious

7. a) important b) the importantest c) the most important

8. a) more constantly b) constantlier c) constantly

9. a) moderner b) more modern c) modern