- •Unit 1 petroleum and natural gas
- •II. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •Petroleum
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Retell the text using the questions in IV.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Degrees of Comparison.
- •VIII. Find one sentence in Present Perfect Tense in the text. Natural gas
- •Translate the following expressions into Russian without a dictionary.
- •II. Read and translate the text. Natural gas
- •III. Answer the following questions.
- •Retell the text using the questions of the previous exercise.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Modal verbs.
- •Put the following sentences into the Past Simple and then into the Future Simple.
- •Unit 2 oil and gas fields development
- •Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •II. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •III. Translate the following expressions into Russian without a dictionary.
- •Read and translate the text. Oil and gas fields development
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Retell the text “Oil and gas fields development” using the questions in V.
- •XI. Find in the text “Oil and gas fields development” the sentences containing the Participle.
- •XII. A) Read and render the contents of the text below in Russian. Give it a title.
- •Unit 3 historical development of oil pipe line
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •V. Read and translate the following text. Historical development of oil pipe line
- •IV. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the passive constructions. Remember the underlined verbs.
- •Unit 4 pumping stations
- •Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •Find the proper English equivalents in the text.
- •Read and translate the text. Pumping stations
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Translate the following text into English.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Participle.
- •IX. Translate the following word combinations into English.
- •X. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the translation of the Participle.
- •XI. Translate into English.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of when, while and other conjunctions together with the Participle.
- •XIII. Translate the sentences and define the function of the Participle.
- •XIV. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Absolute Participial Construction.
- •Unit 5 manufacture of pipelines
- •Find out the pronunciation of the following words.
- •III. Translate the following words.
- •IV Read and translate the following text. Manufacture of pipe lines
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Find in the text the English equivalent to the following Russian words and expressions.
- •VII. Deny the wrong statements. Use the following expressions.
- •VIII. Translate into English.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the verb “would”.
- •X. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the verb “should”.
- •XI. Translate the following conditional sentences.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to conditional sentences.
- •XIII. Translate the following extract into Russian with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 6 methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
- •Read and translate the text. Methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
- •VII. Translate the phrases into English using the Infinitive as an attribute.
- •I'm afraid that’s wrong.
- •It seems to me, it’s not true.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •Moving oil and natural gas
- •XII. Give a summary of the text. Unit 7 types of pipe lines and storage tanks
- •Types of pipe lines and storage tanks
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the form and the voice of the Gerund.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Translate paragraphs 3-6 in a written form. Pipeline components
- •Unit 8 construction of pipelines
- •Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations.
- •Read and translate the text. Construction of pipelines
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •VIII. Retell the text “Construction of pipelines” according to the following plan:
- •IX. Translate according to the model.
- •X. Translate into English using the Infinitives according to the model. Give your own ending to the sentences.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences with the Passive Constructions.
- •XII. Read and translate the following extract with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 9 materials
- •Study the following words before reading the text.
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •V. Read and translate the following text. Materials
- •VI. Answer the following questions. Use the questions as a plan for your retelling of the text.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •IX. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the Infinitive as an Adverbial Modifier of Purpose.
- •X. Translate into Russian using the proper function of the Infinitive.
- •XI. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to the use of the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •XII. Translate into Russian using the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •Unit 10 trunk and multi-product pipelines
- •I. Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •VII. Translate the following phrases into Russian.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text. Trunk and multi-product pipelines
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Say a few words about a) trunk pipelines; b) multi-product pipelines. Make up a short plan of your speech.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •XI. Translate into Russian. Define the form of the Infinitive and its function.
- •XII. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the use of the Participle and the Gerund.
- •XIII. Translate the following extract using a dictionary.
- •XIV. Find out if the following statements are true or false.
- •Unit 11 pipeline operation and safety measures
- •Find the proper Russian equivalents for the English terms.
- •Find the proper English equivalents for the following verbs.
- •Read and translate the following text. Pipeline operation and safety measures
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Describe the pipeline operation according to the following plan.
- •VIII. Translate into Russian. Find out if the underlined words are the Gerund or the Participle.
- •IX. Define the function of the Infinitive used in the following sentences. Translate them.
- •X. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Participle II.
- •XI. Read and translate the following extracts with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 12 types of coatings
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Write out the proper transcription to the following words from the dictionary.
- •Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •V. Find the suitable nouns to the verbs from List a. Make up your own sentences with the given phrases.
- •VI. Read and translate the following text. Types of coatings
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Retell the text “Types of Coatings” using the questions from the previous exercise.
- •X. Find English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •XII. Translate the following text in the written form. Pipe coatings
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Gerund.
- •Unit 13
- •Integrated systems for pipeline security
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Find out the proper transcription of the following words in the dictionary.
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •IV. Translate the following phrases into Russian without a dictionary.
- •Read and translate the following text.
- •Integrated systems for pipeline security
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Find English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XI. Retell the text “Integrated Systems for Pipeline Security” using the questions in VIII.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice.
- •XIV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Sequence of Tenses.
- •XV. Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the phrases given in brackets. Pay attention to the Sequence of Tenses.
- •Unit 14
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Write the proper transcription to the following words.
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •IV. Translate the following phrases into Russian without dictionary.
- •V. Remember the synonyms.
- •VI. Translate the following phrases into Russian.
- •VII. Find the proper translation of the English words and word-combinations.
- •VIII. Read and translate the following text.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •XI. Retell the text “In-tube Magnetic Examination of Lined Tubing” using the questions in IX.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •XIII. Translate the sentences into English paying attention to the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •Contents
Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
industrialized successful feasibility excavator hydrocarbons |
machine bulldozer soviet union due to supply
|
necessarily acid subdivided influenced pioneering breakthrough |
Translate into Russian the following word combinations.
|
|
IV. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
1. iron-ore 2. delivery capacity 3. ditcher 4. screwed 5. slurry 6 .commodities 7. solid 8. trench |
a. резьбовой b. сырье c. суспензия d. траншея e. пропускная способность f. железная руда g. канавокопатель h. твёрдое тело |
V. Read and translate the following text. Historical development of oil pipe line
Most industrialized countries have long had large networks of pipes for the distribution of water and gas, but pipelines as a means of moving commodities over long distances originated in the oil industry more than a hundred years ago. The first successful crude oil pipeline was built in 1865 in Pennsylvania, a screwed cast-iron pipeline 2 in. diameter and six miles long. Its life was short, but it demonstrated the feasibility of the method.
The first pipe line in Russia was laid in 1878. It was a short line built for the transportation of oil from the Balahani oil fields to the town of Baku. Its construction was followed by the building in 1904 of a trunk line from Baku to Batumi. It connected the oil fields of Baku with the port of Batumi. Its length was 833 km. The construction of these pipelines was too difficult because of absence of such equipment as tractors, cranes, excavators and etc. The trenches for laying a pipe were dug by means of spades; the pipe was laid into them with the help of ropes, without using any machinery. Now to help the builders there are first class machines (powerful tractors, bulldozers, scrapers, ditchers, pipe-bending, pipe screwing and pipe-laying machines).
A considerable mileage of trunk pipe was constructed in the Soviet times after the Great October Socialist Revolution. The trunk lines Grozny to Tuapse, Emba to Orsk, a new line from Baku to Batumi were among first pipe lines built in the Soviet Union. In 1970s there appeared two major pipe lines: the 4,968 mile Siberian pipe line and the 2,795 mile Friendship line. The name “Friendship” was given due to the fact that the pipeline was intended to supply oil to the energy hungry western regions of the Soviet Union, to its “fraternal socialist allies” in the former Soviet bloc, and to Western Europe. Today it is one of the principle arteries for the transportation of hydrocarbons across Europe.
In the course of time pipe lines have proved to be the most economical method for the distribution of natural gas and the transportation of oil in bulk, the oil pipe line net increasing from year to year.
The basic problem facing pipe lining is to increase efficiency and delivery capacity of the line. To that end, the length, the size and the diameter of lines have been growing continuously.
At present there is an increasing tendency to use long-distance large-diameter pipes (up to 48 inches, i.e. more than one meter), at the same time thinner wall pipes are coming into use.
There has been a general belief that pipe line transportation is confined to crude petroleum, but this is not necessarily the case. At present, an extensive research program has been launched on solid pipe lining, including slurry and capsules. Other possible materials being considered for pipe line transportation are coal, iron ore, potash and even corn.
VI. Answer the following questions.
1. What method is the most economical for the transportation of oil and gas?
2. When was the first oil pipe line built in our country?
3. What was the first 1ong-distance trunk line in the Soviet Union? When was it built?
4. What were the two major oil pipe lines built in the Soviet Union?
5. What is their length and where do they start and terminate?
6. What countries is oil supplied to through the pipe line “Friendship”?
7. Why did the Soviet Union expand the net of oil pipe lines?
8. What materials can be transported through the pipe lines?
9. What is the largest diameter of pipe lines?
10. What is the future of pipelining?
VII. Put the sentences into the passive, mentioning the agent where necessary and translate them.
1. We transport oil through pipe lines. 2. Our country launched an extensive research program. 3. Soon we shall transport iron ore, coal and other materials through pipe lines. 4. Russia is making great efforts in the field of the expansion of the oil pipeline net. 5. Last year at this time we were completing the construction of a trunk pipe line. 6. We shall be finding new solutions to this problem for some years. 7. Since the beginning of the 19th century Russia has constructed a considerable mileage of trunk pipe lines. 8. Prior to 1878 we had transported petroleum in barrels. 9. By 1930 we shall have accomplished the construction of the Trans-Siberian pipe line.
VIII. Put the sentences into the Past, Future Indefinite and Present Perfect.
1. Pipelines are manufactured from iron and steel.
2. The pipeline is used for oil and gas transportation.
3. A new pipeline is built by this pipe line construction company.