- •Unit 1 petroleum and natural gas
- •II. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •Petroleum
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Retell the text using the questions in IV.
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Degrees of Comparison.
- •VIII. Find one sentence in Present Perfect Tense in the text. Natural gas
- •Translate the following expressions into Russian without a dictionary.
- •II. Read and translate the text. Natural gas
- •III. Answer the following questions.
- •Retell the text using the questions of the previous exercise.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the Modal verbs.
- •Put the following sentences into the Past Simple and then into the Future Simple.
- •Unit 2 oil and gas fields development
- •Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •II. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •III. Translate the following expressions into Russian without a dictionary.
- •Read and translate the text. Oil and gas fields development
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Retell the text “Oil and gas fields development” using the questions in V.
- •XI. Find in the text “Oil and gas fields development” the sentences containing the Participle.
- •XII. A) Read and render the contents of the text below in Russian. Give it a title.
- •Unit 3 historical development of oil pipe line
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •V. Read and translate the following text. Historical development of oil pipe line
- •IV. Translate into Russian, paying attention to the passive constructions. Remember the underlined verbs.
- •Unit 4 pumping stations
- •Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •Find the proper English equivalents in the text.
- •Read and translate the text. Pumping stations
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Translate the following text into English.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Participle.
- •IX. Translate the following word combinations into English.
- •X. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the translation of the Participle.
- •XI. Translate into English.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of when, while and other conjunctions together with the Participle.
- •XIII. Translate the sentences and define the function of the Participle.
- •XIV. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the use of the Absolute Participial Construction.
- •Unit 5 manufacture of pipelines
- •Find out the pronunciation of the following words.
- •III. Translate the following words.
- •IV Read and translate the following text. Manufacture of pipe lines
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Find in the text the English equivalent to the following Russian words and expressions.
- •VII. Deny the wrong statements. Use the following expressions.
- •VIII. Translate into English.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the verb “would”.
- •X. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the verb “should”.
- •XI. Translate the following conditional sentences.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to conditional sentences.
- •XIII. Translate the following extract into Russian with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 6 methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
- •Read and translate the text. Methods of transporting petroleum and their relative economic importance
- •VII. Translate the phrases into English using the Infinitive as an attribute.
- •I'm afraid that’s wrong.
- •It seems to me, it’s not true.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •Moving oil and natural gas
- •XII. Give a summary of the text. Unit 7 types of pipe lines and storage tanks
- •Types of pipe lines and storage tanks
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the form and the voice of the Gerund.
- •IX. Translate into English.
- •X. Translate paragraphs 3-6 in a written form. Pipeline components
- •Unit 8 construction of pipelines
- •Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations.
- •Read and translate the text. Construction of pipelines
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Translate into English.
- •VIII. Retell the text “Construction of pipelines” according to the following plan:
- •IX. Translate according to the model.
- •X. Translate into English using the Infinitives according to the model. Give your own ending to the sentences.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences with the Passive Constructions.
- •XII. Read and translate the following extract with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 9 materials
- •Study the following words before reading the text.
- •Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
- •V. Read and translate the following text. Materials
- •VI. Answer the following questions. Use the questions as a plan for your retelling of the text.
- •VII. Translate the following sentences. State the functions of the Infinitive.
- •IX. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the Infinitive as an Adverbial Modifier of Purpose.
- •X. Translate into Russian using the proper function of the Infinitive.
- •XI. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to the use of the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •XII. Translate into Russian using the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •Unit 10 trunk and multi-product pipelines
- •I. Before reading the text learn the following words.
- •VII. Translate the following phrases into Russian.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text. Trunk and multi-product pipelines
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Say a few words about a) trunk pipelines; b) multi-product pipelines. Make up a short plan of your speech.
- •X. Translate into English.
- •XI. Translate into Russian. Define the form of the Infinitive and its function.
- •XII. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the use of the Participle and the Gerund.
- •XIII. Translate the following extract using a dictionary.
- •XIV. Find out if the following statements are true or false.
- •Unit 11 pipeline operation and safety measures
- •Find the proper Russian equivalents for the English terms.
- •Find the proper English equivalents for the following verbs.
- •Read and translate the following text. Pipeline operation and safety measures
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Describe the pipeline operation according to the following plan.
- •VIII. Translate into Russian. Find out if the underlined words are the Gerund or the Participle.
- •IX. Define the function of the Infinitive used in the following sentences. Translate them.
- •X. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Participle II.
- •XI. Read and translate the following extracts with the help of a dictionary.
- •Unit 12 types of coatings
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Write out the proper transcription to the following words from the dictionary.
- •Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •V. Find the suitable nouns to the verbs from List a. Make up your own sentences with the given phrases.
- •VI. Read and translate the following text. Types of coatings
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Retell the text “Types of Coatings” using the questions from the previous exercise.
- •X. Find English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •XII. Translate the following text in the written form. Pipe coatings
- •XIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Gerund.
- •Unit 13
- •Integrated systems for pipeline security
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Find out the proper transcription of the following words in the dictionary.
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •IV. Translate the following phrases into Russian without a dictionary.
- •Read and translate the following text.
- •Integrated systems for pipeline security
- •VIII. Answer the following questions.
- •IX. Find English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •X. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •XI. Retell the text “Integrated Systems for Pipeline Security” using the questions in VIII.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the Passive Voice.
- •XIV. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Sequence of Tenses.
- •XV. Rewrite the following sentences beginning with the phrases given in brackets. Pay attention to the Sequence of Tenses.
- •Unit 14
- •I. Before reading the text study the following words.
- •II. Write the proper transcription to the following words.
- •III. Find the proper Russian equivalents for the following English terms.
- •IV. Translate the following phrases into Russian without dictionary.
- •V. Remember the synonyms.
- •VI. Translate the following phrases into Russian.
- •VII. Find the proper translation of the English words and word-combinations.
- •VIII. Read and translate the following text.
- •IX. Answer the following questions.
- •Find in the text English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •XI. Retell the text “In-tube Magnetic Examination of Lined Tubing” using the questions in IX.
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •XIII. Translate the sentences into English paying attention to the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •Contents
VII. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Воск содержит в себе вещества, препятствующие возникновению коррозии. 2. Песок и стекловолокно используются для того, чтобы защитить трубопровод от повреждений. 3. Необходимо принять определенные меры предосторожности, чтобы предотвратить появление трещин в покрытии. 4. Существуют районы, где почва насыщена углеводородами. 5. Температура эксплуатации трубопровода должна быть в пределах 300 – 1800 по Фаренгейту. 6. Асфальтовая мастика используется в промышленности более 50 лет. 7. Смоляные покрытия могут выдерживать высокую температуру эксплуатации: от 2000 по Фаренгейту и выше. 8. Пленочные покрытия не вредят экологии. 9. Эмалевые покрытия широко применяются в промышленности из-за низкой себестоимости и простоты применения. 10. Асфальт – это побочный продукт переработки нефти.
VIII. Answer the following questions.
What types of coatings do you know?
What is the origin of bituminous enamels?
What do enamel coatings include?
What is the difference between asphalts and coal tar?
When are mastics used?
Characterize asphalt mastic.
What is the restriction for using enamel coatings?
What is the function of fillers?
What are fusion-bonded epoxies? Where are they usually applied?
Name the principal advantages of fusion-bonded epoxies.
What types of tape coatings do you know?
Does the application of tape coatings raise health or environmental objections?
IX. Retell the text “Types of Coatings” using the questions from the previous exercise.
X. Find English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
отвечать требованиям
побочный продукт переработки нефти
дробленый известняк
почва, насыщенная углеводородами
температура эксплуатации трубопровода
специальное оборудование
тонкое покрытие
итоговый осмотр поверхности трубы
устойчивое сопротивление
толстый слой покрытия
внутренняя поверхность трубопровода
чувствительный к внутренней коррозии
технологический процесс (процедура) применения
XI. Translate the following international words.
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XII. Translate the following text in the written form. Pipe coatings
Coating and wrapping pipe with special sealing materials is the main line of defense against corrosion. The primary function of pipe coatings is to prevent water from coming into contact with the steel of the pipe. The most important thing to consider when a pipe coating is being selected is its ability to resist water penetration. This is important because absorbed moisture can carry electrical current through the coating material itself and onto the pipe, initiating the corrosion process.
The moisture content of the soil as well as a number of other external factors must be considered when selecting a pipe coating. The qualities of the soil in which the line is buried may also dictate a specialized coating. For example, hydrocarbon contamination in the soil hastens the degradation of some pipe coatings. Temperature also can affect pipe coatings. Extremely hot or cold conditions during construction can affect the operational life of the coating by causing thermal expansion and contraction of the pipe.
Other things that affect the longevity and integrity of pipe coatings are the conditions under which the coated pipe is stored and the handling the pipe receives during lowering-in. Pipe with mill-applied coatings must be carefully stored to minimize coating distortion.
Whitewash is used to protect pipe that is kept outdoors for any length of time. This covering reflects ultraviolet light.
A coating is most vulnerable to damage when the pipe is being lowered in. No matter how carefully this procedure is carried out, some damage is inevitable. Wrapping is often placed over the pipe coating to provide additional mechanical support.
A common type of coating failure is disbonding, or separation, of the coating from the pipe. The problem can usually be traced to inadequate preparation of the pipe surface before the coating was applied.